regression: multiple definitions of function

[Mark-Simulacrum]

[INFO] [stdout]   = note: /usr/bin/ld: /opt/rustwide/target/debug/deps/libavif_parse-3944f88254156a01.rlib(avif_parse-3944f88254156a01.avif_parse.f31058791515eadf-cgu.3.rcgu.o): in function `avif_parse':
[INFO] [stdout]           /opt/rustwide/cargo-home/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/avif-parse-0.13.2/src/c_api.rs:27: multiple definition of `avif_parse'; /opt/rustwide/target/debug/deps/libavif_parse-8988254f09aeef86.rlib(avif_parse-8988254f09aeef86.avif_parse.d6c78051b3aeaa35-cgu.3.rcgu.o):/opt/rustwide/cargo-home/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/avif-parse-1.0.0/src/c_api.rs:27: first defined here
[INFO] [stdout]           /usr/bin/ld: /opt/rustwide/target/debug/deps/libavif_parse-3944f88254156a01.rlib(avif_parse-3944f88254156a01.avif_parse.f31058791515eadf-cgu.3.rcgu.o): in function `core::ptr::const_ptr::<impl *const T>::is_null::runtime_impl':
[INFO] [stdout]           /opt/rustwide/cargo-home/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/avif-parse-0.13.2/src/c_api.rs:50: multiple definition of `avif_data_free'; /opt/rustwide/target/debug/deps/libavif_parse-8988254f09aeef86.rlib(avif_parse-8988254f09aeef86.avif_parse.d6c78051b3aeaa35-cgu.3.rcgu.o):/opt/rustwide/cargo-home/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/avif-parse-1.0.0/src/c_api.rs:50: first defined here
[INFO] [stdout]           collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

• https://crater-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/beta-1.78-3/beta-2024-03-30/reg/avif-decode-0.2.2/log.txt

[saethlin]

avif-decode has two different versions of avif-parse in its dependency tree, and avif-parse exports the symbols avif_parse and avif_data_free. I think this crate has only ever managed to link due to optimistic Linux linker optimization shenaniganry.

The change bisects to #122233. I think there's a CGU partitioning that causes the build to successfully link, and that PR perturbed enough code to alter how CGUs get merged. The crate still builds on nightly and on stable if you set -Ccodegen-units=9 or any greater value, but fails to build on nightly and on stable with -Ccodegen-units=8 or any lesser value.

[saethlin]

@estebank fresh example of where it would be great to have better linker diagnostics

[Mark-Simulacrum]

Sounds good. I think there's no true regression here in that case, dropping various labels and I suspect we can just close (will do that unless we want to track it as diagnostics, but doesn't seem worth it to me)

[saethlin]

Esteban was musing about writing better linker diagnostics, and now that I've assigned myself to this I'll be better able to find it if I do cook up something later.

I agree this is better closed.

[estebank]

@saethlin keep me posted on whatever ticket for the diagnostics part of this you create, so I can help.

[bjorn3]

Would using --whole-archive on all rlibs have ensured that it caused a linker error independent of how the CGUs are partitioned?

[saethlin]

I tried building avif-decode@0.2.2 with

RUSTFLAGS="-Clink-arg=-Wl,--whole-archive -Ccodegen-units=128" cargo +nightly b

And I don't get a linker error. Even with that flag there seems to be a CGU threshold that makes the linker accept the inputs.

[bjorn3]

-Clink-arg is passed after rlibs are mentioned in the linker commandline:

rust/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs

Lines 2310 to 2313 in 3d5528c

	// Can be used for arbitrary order-independent options.
	// In practice may also be occasionally used for linking native libraries.
	// Passed after compiler-generated options to support manual overriding when necessary.
	add_user_defined_link_args(cmd, sess);

. --whole-archive is a position-dependent linker argument. It applies to all archives after --whole-archive until the next --no-whole-archive. You did have to use -Zpre-link-arg and check that rustc doesn't emit any --no-whole-archive to reset a --whole-archive it emitted for a single staticlib. Or you need to modify rustc directly and change the false here to a true:

rust/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs

Line 2837 in 3d5528c

cmd.link_staticlib_by_path(&rlib_path, false);

[saethlin]

If I modify the compiler as you described I can indeed get the multiple definition error regardless of CGUs.

I can't build anything at all with that -Zpre-link-arg because of symbol conflicts between compiler_builtins and libc:

/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.2.1/libgcc.a(_negdi2.o): in function `__negti2':
(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `__negti2'; /home/ben/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcompiler_builtins-5b3e30276043b6e7.rlib(45c91108d938afe8-negti2.o):/cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/compiler_builtins-0.1.108/./lib/builtins/negti2.c:19: first defined here

[anisse]

I just got hit by this issue. Project built and ran with no issue with rust 1.77.2, and now fails to link with rust 1.78.0:

[...]
/home/anisse/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/wgpu-core-0.16.1/src/command/render.rs:2575: multiple definition of `wgpu_render_pass_execute_bundles'; /home/anisse/dev/gears-repo/target/release/deps/libwgpu_core-3c5c7590aab874f9.rlib(wgpu_core-3c5c7590aab874f9.wgpu_core.e28489e2a4961374-cgu.02.rcgu.o):/home/anisse/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/wgpu-core-0.18.1/src/command/render.rs:2832: first defined here
[...]

Looking at the cargo tree output, it's obvious that the duplicate wgpu versions might not be what I want. Indirect dep is being bumped, but not ready yet.

I'm not sure if this warrants a separate issue, but this is definitely an unexpected regression. I'll leave it as-is because the fix is trivial on my side (just use older wgpu version aligned with pixels').

[saethlin]

This is an equivalent situation; on your project's commit 4cc41a902f1b1671d98103d7972672357716d9b8, 1.77.2 will manage to link it but applying the above change to link rlibs with --whole-archive causes it to not link.