bug in divides

[williamstein]

The function "divides" does not work for generic commutative rings.

1. it is not checked that the elements are in the same space, i.e.

Zmod(5)(1).divides(Zmod(2)(1)) is "True"

2. No division by zero checking is done! This gives for example an error if you type

   -> Zmod(2).zero_ideal() == Zmod(2).zero_ideal()

   -> Zmod(2).zero_ideal() == Zmod(2).unit_ideal()

This patch should fix this. It may not be able to handle all cases but classes who need a more clever function should do their own implementation anyways.

Greetings,
Kilian.

Component: basic arithmetic

Author: Luis Felipe Tabera

Reviewer: John Cremona

Merged: sage-4.6.alpha3

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/5759

[sagetrac-kkilger]

comment:1

Attachment: divides.patch.gz

[sagetrac-kkilger]

comment:7

Attachment: 5759-doctests.patch.gz

[williamstein]

comment:8

This breaks a doctest somewhere else:

wstein@sage:~/build/sage-3.4.1.rc2$ ./sage -t  devel/sage/sage/coding/code_constructions.py
sage -t  "devel/sage/sage/coding/code_constructions.py"
**********************************************************************
File "/scratch/wstein/build/sage-3.4.1.rc2/devel/sage/sage/coding/code_constructions.py", line 530:
    sage: g.divides(f)
Exception raised:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/scratch/wstein/build/sage-3.4.1.rc2/local/bin/ncadoctest.py", line 1231, in run_one_test
        self.run_one_example(test, example, filename, compileflags)
      File "/scratch/wstein/build/sage-3.4.1.rc2/local/bin/sagedoctest.py", line 38, in run_one_example
        OrigDocTestRunner.run_one_example(self, test, example, filename, compileflags)
      File "/scratch/wstein/build/sage-3.4.1.rc2/local/bin/ncadoctest.py", line 1172, in run_one_example
        compileflags, 1) in test.globs
      File "<doctest __main__.example_7[6]>", line 1, in <module>
        g.divides(f)###line 530:
    sage: g.divides(f)
      File "element.pyx", line 1380, in sage.structure.element.CommutativeRingElement.divides (sage/structure/element.c:12436)
      File "parent_old.pyx", line 334, in sage.structure.parent_old.Parent._coerce_c (sage/structure/parent_old.c:5417)
      File "parent_old.pyx", line 336, in sage.structure.parent_old.Parent._coerce_c (sage/structure/parent_old.c:5186)
      File "parent.pyx", line 374, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.coerce (sage/structure/parent.c:4994)
    TypeError: no canonical coercion from Univariate Polynomial Ring in x over Finite Field in a of size 3^2 to Univariate Polynomial Ring in x over Finite Field of size 3
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
   1 of  14 in __main__.example_7
***Test Failed*** 1 failures.
For whitespace errors, see the file /scratch/wstein/build/sage-3.4.1.rc2/tmp/.doctest_code_constructions.py
         [4.2 s]
exit code: 1024

----------------------------------------------------------------------
The following tests failed:


        sage -t  "devel/sage/sage/coding/code_constructions.py"
Total time for all tests: 4.2 seconds

[sagetrac-kkilger]

comment:9

The whole divides function is broken (nearly irreparable) with the effect that "divides" failes or gives wrong answers if and only if the ring is no polynomial ring or ZZ (which have their own (buggy) implementation).

The reason is that not all commutative rings are euclidean domains and "modulo" operation does not do what it is supposed to do in general commutative rings, for example in finite integer rings: Zmod(12)(3) % Zmod(12)(4) gives Zmod(3)(0) (which is also broken, by the way).

The only correct behaviour would be:

1. to raise a NotImplementedError in element.py and let all subclasses implemenent their own divides.
   or:
2. define divides as "inclusion of ideals" and give errors if the subclasses can't check the inclusion of ideals.

Also: all doctests in element.py and other files are for polynomial rings only, with the effect that many functions in SAGE fail or give wrong answers if the ring is no polynomial ring.

Greetings,
Kilian.

[JohnCremona]

comment:11

I would have thought that even in this generality (element of a commutative ring) it would be worth adding the following special cases:

1. if self=1 return True
2. if x =0 return True; else if self =0 return False
3. if self.is_unit() return True

where in each case the test is wrapped in a try/except block so that if (for example) self.is_unit() is not implemented then it just passes. Finally, if none of the above works then default to code as it is now.

Any individual ring where the x%self computation will not work but where there is an easy alternative direct test (such as in Integers(n)) can have their own specific implementations.

If there is any support for this I'm willing to try to do it.

[JohnCremona]

comment:12

Note that #5347 (merged in 4.1.2.alpha2) fixes the easy cases I listed above. We still have

sage: Zmod(5)(1).divides(Zmod(2)(1))
True

but this looks fine to me:

sage: Zmod(2).zero_ideal() == Zmod(2).zero_ideal()
True
sage: Zmod(2).zero_ideal() == Zmod(2).unit_ideal()
False

Hence the patches here need to be rebased and simplified to cater for the first one.

[JohnCremona]

comment:13

In fact the original patches can be discarded since they only fixed things that have been fixed anyway in #5347. What we do not have is a check the self and other are in "the same ring", which is not so obvious -- the simplest would be to throw an error if the parents were not identical, but that seems to harsh (it would cause 1.divides(1/2) to fail). Better would be to coerce into a common parent first -- the sort of thing which is done for __add___().

[lftabera]

comment:15

I add a patch to solve this problem. This patch is applied alone. Previous patches are discarded due to changes in the function during these months. See #5347

The algorithm first checks if parents coincide. If so, it runs the existing code. In other case, coerces both element to a common parent using the coercion model an runs the existing code on the coerced elements.

The patch works on 4.5.3

[lftabera]

Attachment: trac-5759.patch.gz

[JohnCremona]

comment:16

The patch applies fine to 4.6.alpha1, and all test pass (I tested the whole sage library on account of earlier difficulties). No generic function can deliver everything, but this deals with simple generic cases, as the new doctests show.

[qed777]

Author: Luis Felipe Tabera

[qed777]

Reviewer: John Cremona

[qed777]

Merged: sage-4.6.alpha3