cryptanalysis of classical ciphers

[sagetrac-mvngu]

Implement cryptanalytic techniques for the following classical ciphers:

• Hill or matrix cipher
• cryptanalysis of the shift cipher #7123 shift cipher
• affine cipher and its cryptanalysis #7124 affine cipher
• cryptanalysis of the substitution cipher #15756 substitution cipher
• transposition cipher
• cryptanalysis of the Vigenere cipher #7231 Vigenere cipher

This depends on #6841 and #7010 (in that order).
Also depends on #15772

CC: @rbeezer @rwst

Component: cryptography

Keywords: cryptanalysis

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/7114