The included test currently fails because `map` and `flatMap` do not
run in constant stack space on a stream returned by `Stream.withFilter`,
as I reported here:
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/scala-language/WqJR38REXnk/saaSiDdmyqoJ

Fix the problem and add a simple testcase.

Note that the stack space consumed when producing an element of this stream is
proportional to the number of elements failing the test before the next
success. The stack space consumed to produce the stream itself is the
space needed to produce the first element, that is, is proportional to
the number of failures before the first success.

No need to check the output - checking programmatically that the
produced streams are empty is enough.

Test a wider range of functionality.