Add a phase for recomputing and rechecking all types in a typed Scala…

… program. This is useful for two reasons:

 = It gives us additional explanation and validation what constitutes a well-typed Scala 3 program. Recheck has less than 300 lines of code, which is a lot less than Typer and associated files.
 - It can be used as a basis for phases that refine the original types with new kinds of types and new rules.

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/Compiler.scala

@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ class Compiler {
          new TupleOptimizations,     // Optimize generic operations on tuples
          new LetOverApply,           // Lift blocks from receivers of applications
          new ArrayConstructors) ::   // Intercept creation of (non-generic) arrays and intrinsify.
+    List(new PreRecheck) ::
+    List(new TestRecheck) ::
     List(new Erasure) ::             // Rewrite types to JVM model, erasing all type parameters, abstract types and refinements.
     List(new ElimErasedValueType,    // Expand erased value types to their underlying implmementation types
          new PureStats,              // Remove pure stats from blocks

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/config/Printers.scala

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ object Printers {
   val pickling = noPrinter
   val quotePickling = noPrinter
   val plugins = noPrinter
+  val recheckr = noPrinter
   val refcheck = noPrinter
   val simplify = noPrinter
   val staging = noPrinter

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/config/ScalaSettings.scala

@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ private sealed trait YSettings:
   val YexplicitNulls: Setting[Boolean] = BooleanSetting("-Yexplicit-nulls", "Make reference types non-nullable. Nullable types can be expressed with unions: e.g. String|Null.")
   val YcheckInit: Setting[Boolean] = BooleanSetting("-Ysafe-init", "Ensure safe initialization of objects")
   val YrequireTargetName: Setting[Boolean] = BooleanSetting("-Yrequire-targetName", "Warn if an operator is defined without a @targetName annotation")
+  val Yrecheck: Setting[Boolean] = BooleanSetting("-Yrecheck", "Run type rechecks (test only)")
 
   /** Area-specific debug output */
   val YexplainLowlevel: Setting[Boolean] = BooleanSetting("-Yexplain-lowlevel", "When explaining type errors, show types at a lower level.")

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/NamerOps.scala

@@ -177,4 +177,24 @@ object NamerOps:
     cls.registeredCompanion = modcls
     modcls.registeredCompanion = cls
 
+  /** For secondary constructors, make it known in the context that their type parameters
+   *  are aliases of the class type parameters. This is done by (ab?)-using GADT constraints.
+   *  See pos/i941.scala
+   */
+  def linkConstructorParams(sym: Symbol)(using Context): Context =
+    if sym.isConstructor && !sym.isPrimaryConstructor then
+      sym.rawParamss match
+        case (tparams @ (tparam :: _)) :: _ if tparam.isType =>
+          val rhsCtx = ctx.fresh.setFreshGADTBounds
+          rhsCtx.gadt.addToConstraint(tparams)
+          tparams.lazyZip(sym.owner.typeParams).foreach { (psym, tparam) =>
+            val tr = tparam.typeRef
+            rhsCtx.gadt.addBound(psym, tr, isUpper = false)
+            rhsCtx.gadt.addBound(psym, tr, isUpper = true)
+          }
+          rhsCtx
+        case _ =>
+          ctx
+    else ctx
+
 end NamerOps

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/PreRecheck.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package dotty.tools.dotc
+package transform
+
+import core.Phases.Phase
+import core.DenotTransformers.IdentityDenotTransformer
+import core.Contexts.{Context, ctx}
+
+/** A phase that precedes the rechecker and that allows installing
+ *  new types for local symbols.
+ */
+class PreRecheck extends Phase, IdentityDenotTransformer:
+
+  def phaseName: String = "preRecheck"
+
+  override def isEnabled(using Context) = next.isEnabled
+
+  override def changesBaseTypes: Boolean = true
+
+  def run(using Context): Unit = ()
+
+  override def isCheckable = false