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3.1. Command Line Mode
# delete backword
<C-w>
# delete backword to the start of the line
<C-u>
# paster from a register
<C-r>{register}
Tip 28
# move to line 3 and delete the line
:3d # same as 3Gdd
# delete line from 2 to 5
:2,5d
# delete line from 2 to the end
:2,$d
# delete all lines in the file
:%d # same as 1,$d
'< is start of visual selection and '> is end of visual selection.
# Move to line 10 and select from there to the end
10GVG
# when you type :, it will display :'<,'>
# substitue this with that
:'<,'>s/this/that
# substitute all this with that in all lines
:%s/this/that
Range :{start},{end}. For pattern :/pattern/,/patter/d.
General form for an offset, :{address}+n and default n is 1 so you can omit it.
:/<html>/,/<\/html>/d
# select <html></html> block except <html> and </html> and delete
:/<html>/+1,/<\/html>/-1/d
# . means current line
# select from the current line and 3 more lines, total 4 lines, and delete
:.,.+3d
Tip 29
. stands for the current line. Use :[range]copy{address} to copy range and paste it to address.
# Make a copy of line 6 and put it below the current line
:6copy. # or :6co.
# shorthand is :t for copy
:6t.
# copy the current line to just below line 6
:t6
# duplicate the current line, same as yyp
:t.
# copy the current line to the end of the file
:t$
# copy the visually selected lines to the start of the file
# 0 is the virtual line above first line of the file
# after visual selection, when you type :, '<,'> will appear
:'<,'>t0
yyp uses a register whereas :t doesn't. :6t. in command line is the same as 6Gyy<C-o>p in normal mode.
<C-o> jump to older cursor position.
The :move command is used in :[range]move {address} or use shorthand :[range]m{address}
# select lines
Vjj
# move to the end of file
:'<,'>m$
# this is the same as to delete the selection, move to the end and paste in normal mode
dGp
# to repeat the last Ex command
@:
Tip 30
Use :normal to run normal-mode commands, such as . etc.
# Apend ;
A;<Esc>
# go one line down and change to a visual-mode and select to the end of the file
jVG
# change to a normal-mode and repeat
# for each line in the visual selection, execute the normal mode . command
:normal.
# This can be done
:%normal A;
# or use a range
:2,9normal A;
Vim moves the cursor to the beginning of the line with :normal so you don't need to worry about where the cursor is about
:%normal i//
Tip 31
Use @: to repeat the last ex command.
# list a command which is in the buffer
:bn[ext]
# backward
:bp[previous]
# then repeat it
@:
# and repeat it again
@@
Tip 32
# <C-d> to reveal a list of possible completions.
# use <Tab> or <S-Tab> to cycle through
:col<C-d>
:colorscheme <C-d>
With the 'wildmenu' option enabled, Vim provides a navigable list of suggestions.
Use <Tab>,<S-Tab>, <C-n>, <C-p> or <Right>, <Left>
set wildmenu
set wildmode=full
Tip 33
<C-r><C-w> gets the word under the cursor. Use it with help to look up the documentation :h <C-r><C-w>
* command searches for each occurrence under cursor.
# select a word under cursor 'tally'
*
# change the word to "counter" and escape
cwcounter<Esc>
# use substitute to change all 'tally' to 'counter'
:%s//<C-r><C-w>/g
: and <Up>,<Down> key show the command history.
:h and <Up>,<Down> key show the help history.
/ and <Up>,<Down> key show the search history.
Vim records the last 20 commands. You can change history number.
set history=200
# using ls
:!ls
# going back from shell to Vim
fg
# to display command line history
q:
# to close the command window
:q # or <CR>
# Open the command-line window with history of searches
q/
# Switch from Command-line mode to the Command-line window
ctrl-f
You can use j, k, :s/write/update etc as normal Vim in q:.
# use shell
:shell # same as <C-z>
# exit the shell
$ exit # same as fg
# putting Vim in the background
<C-z>
# resume Vim
fg
:[range]!{filter}
:2,$ is the range from line 2 to the end. !sort to use 'sort' in Vim. -t',' tells the separator is a comma. -k2 flag to indicate that the second field is to be used for the sort.
:2,$!sort -t',' -k2
Or the cursor on line two and invoke !G, then Vim will prompt with :.,$!. and add -t',' -k2.
# start a shell
:shell
# execute {cmd} with the shell
:!{cmd}
# execute {cmd} in the shell and insert its standard output below the curso
:read!{cmd}
# execute {cmd} in the shell with [range] lines as standard input
:[range]write!{cmd}
Filter the secified [range] through external prgram {filter}
:[range]!{filter}
:shell
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