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21 changes: 21 additions & 0 deletions MIT-LICENSE
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Copyright (c) 2008 Tesly, LLC

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
266 changes: 66 additions & 200 deletions README
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== Welcome to Rails

Rails is a web-application and persistence framework that includes everything
needed to create database-backed web-applications according to the
Model-View-Control pattern of separation. This pattern splits the view (also
called the presentation) into "dumb" templates that are primarily responsible
for inserting pre-built data in between HTML tags. The model contains the
"smart" domain objects (such as Account, Product, Person, Post) that holds all
the business logic and knows how to persist themselves to a database. The
controller handles the incoming requests (such as Save New Account, Update
Product, Show Post) by manipulating the model and directing data to the view.

In Rails, the model is handled by what's called an object-relational mapping
layer entitled Active Record. This layer allows you to present the data from
database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic
methods. You can read more about Active Record in
link:files/vendor/rails/activerecord/README.html.

The controller and view are handled by the Action Pack, which handles both
layers by its two parts: Action View and Action Controller. These two layers
are bundled in a single package due to their heavy interdependence. This is
unlike the relationship between the Active Record and Action Pack that is much
more separate. Each of these packages can be used independently outside of
Rails. You can read more about Action Pack in
link:files/vendor/rails/actionpack/README.html.

== Welcome to the OpenID Rails Kit

This kit will help you get a quick start on building new web
applications that need to allow logins via OpenID, as well as with
a standard username/password combination. Running the app as-is
will allow to create accounts and log in to accounts that have
been previously created. The kit even handles Yahoo's OpenID
implementation of passing back to the application a different
identity URL than the user specifies when creating an account.

Most of this kit is made up of the excellent work done by others,
in particular the restful_authentication and
open_id_authentication plugins. I have made minor tweaks here and
there, and added some glue code for account creation, but
otherwise the bulk of what you've received has been generously
provided by others to the community. The new code I have
contributed is released under the MIT License (see the MIT-LICENSE
file for more info).

== Getting Started

1. At the command prompt, start a new Rails application using the <tt>rails</tt> command
and your application name. Ex: rails myapp
(If you've downloaded Rails in a complete tgz or zip, this step is already done)
2. Change directory into myapp and start the web server: <tt>script/server</tt> (run with --help for options)
3. Go to http://localhost:3000/ and get "Welcome aboard: You’re riding the Rails!"
4. Follow the guidelines to start developing your application


== Web Servers

By default, Rails will try to use Mongrel and lighttpd if they are installed, otherwise
Rails will use WEBrick, the webserver that ships with Ruby. When you run script/server,
Rails will check if Mongrel exists, then lighttpd and finally fall back to WEBrick. This ensures
that you can always get up and running quickly.

Mongrel is a Ruby-based webserver with a C component (which requires compilation) that is
suitable for development and deployment of Rails applications. If you have Ruby Gems installed,
getting up and running with mongrel is as easy as: <tt>gem install mongrel</tt>.
More info at: http://mongrel.rubyforge.org

If Mongrel is not installed, Rails will look for lighttpd. It's considerably faster than
Mongrel and WEBrick and also suited for production use, but requires additional
installation and currently only works well on OS X/Unix (Windows users are encouraged
to start with Mongrel). We recommend version 1.4.11 and higher. You can download it from
http://www.lighttpd.net.

And finally, if neither Mongrel or lighttpd are installed, Rails will use the built-in Ruby
web server, WEBrick. WEBrick is a small Ruby web server suitable for development, but not
for production.

But of course its also possible to run Rails on any platform that supports FCGI.
Apache, LiteSpeed, IIS are just a few. For more information on FCGI,
please visit: http://wiki.rubyonrails.com/rails/pages/FastCGI


== Debugging Rails

Sometimes your application goes wrong. Fortunately there are a lot of tools that
will help you debug it and get it back on the rails.

First area to check is the application log files. Have "tail -f" commands running
on the server.log and development.log. Rails will automatically display debugging
and runtime information to these files. Debugging info will also be shown in the
browser on requests from 127.0.0.1.

You can also log your own messages directly into the log file from your code using
the Ruby logger class from inside your controllers. Example:

class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
def destroy
@weblog = Weblog.find(params[:id])
@weblog.destroy
logger.info("#{Time.now} Destroyed Weblog ID ##{@weblog.id}!")
end
end

The result will be a message in your log file along the lines of:

Mon Oct 08 14:22:29 +1000 2007 Destroyed Weblog ID #1

More information on how to use the logger is at http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/

Also, Ruby documentation can be found at http://www.ruby-lang.org/ including:

* The Learning Ruby (Pickaxe) Book: http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ProgrammingRuby/
* Learn to Program: http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/ (a beginners guide)

These two online (and free) books will bring you up to speed on the Ruby language
and also on programming in general.


== Debugger

Debugger support is available through the debugger command when you start your Mongrel or
Webrick server with --debugger. This means that you can break out of execution at any point
in the code, investigate and change the model, AND then resume execution! Example:

class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
def index
@posts = Post.find(:all)
debugger
end
end

So the controller will accept the action, run the first line, then present you
with a IRB prompt in the server window. Here you can do things like:

>> @posts.inspect
=> "[#<Post:0x14a6be8 @attributes={\"title\"=>nil, \"body\"=>nil, \"id\"=>\"1\"}>,
#<Post:0x14a6620 @attributes={\"title\"=>\"Rails you know!\", \"body\"=>\"Only ten..\", \"id\"=>\"2\"}>]"
>> @posts.first.title = "hello from a debugger"
=> "hello from a debugger"

...and even better is that you can examine how your runtime objects actually work:

>> f = @posts.first
=> #<Post:0x13630c4 @attributes={"title"=>nil, "body"=>nil, "id"=>"1"}>
>> f.
Display all 152 possibilities? (y or n)

Finally, when you're ready to resume execution, you enter "cont"


== Console

You can interact with the domain model by starting the console through <tt>script/console</tt>.
Here you'll have all parts of the application configured, just like it is when the
application is running. You can inspect domain models, change values, and save to the
database. Starting the script without arguments will launch it in the development environment.
Passing an argument will specify a different environment, like <tt>script/console production</tt>.

To reload your controllers and models after launching the console run <tt>reload!</tt>


== Description of Contents

app
Holds all the code that's specific to this particular application.

app/controllers
Holds controllers that should be named like weblogs_controller.rb for
automated URL mapping. All controllers should descend from ApplicationController
which itself descends from ActionController::Base.

app/models
Holds models that should be named like post.rb.
Most models will descend from ActiveRecord::Base.

app/views
Holds the template files for the view that should be named like
weblogs/index.erb for the WeblogsController#index action. All views use eRuby
syntax.

app/views/layouts
Holds the template files for layouts to be used with views. This models the common
header/footer method of wrapping views. In your views, define a layout using the
<tt>layout :default</tt> and create a file named default.erb. Inside default.erb,
call <% yield %> to render the view using this layout.

app/helpers
Holds view helpers that should be named like weblogs_helper.rb. These are generated
for you automatically when using script/generate for controllers. Helpers can be used to
wrap functionality for your views into methods.

config
Configuration files for the Rails environment, the routing map, the database, and other dependencies.

db
Contains the database schema in schema.rb. db/migrate contains all
the sequence of Migrations for your schema.

doc
This directory is where your application documentation will be stored when generated
using <tt>rake doc:app</tt>

lib
Application specific libraries. Basically, any kind of custom code that doesn't
belong under controllers, models, or helpers. This directory is in the load path.

public
The directory available for the web server. Contains subdirectories for images, stylesheets,
and javascripts. Also contains the dispatchers and the default HTML files. This should be
set as the DOCUMENT_ROOT of your web server.

script
Helper scripts for automation and generation.

test
Unit and functional tests along with fixtures. When using the script/generate scripts, template
test files will be generated for you and placed in this directory.

vendor
External libraries that the application depends on. Also includes the plugins subdirectory.
This directory is in the load path.
This code provides a complete, running Rails application. There
are a few things you need to do to get started, though. First, you
should create your SQLite database and the database tables with
the following rake command on the command line:

rake db:schema:load

After bootstrapping the database, you'll need to make at least one
edit to the code. In config/environment.rb, you need to specify a
new secret for the cookie session storage. Change line 41 of
config/environment.rb, replacing the secret with the one generated
by this command:

rake secret

Once that's done, you are ready to go. Start up the app and browse
to it in your web browser. Create a new account, and you'll be logged in.

== Contents

Hopefully you're familiar enough with the basics of Rails that I
don't have to explain what every file in this archive does. If
not, go read some books like Agile Web Development with Rails and
then come back here. With that out of the way, here are some of
the files you'll want to check out. Basically, the kit is made up
of the files you get from running the generator from the
restful_authentication plugin, with changes made for creating and
authenticating accounts via OpenID.

app/
controllers/
users_controller.rb - The create method has been modified to
check whether OpenID is being used, and if so, stuffs the
parameters submitted from the form into the session so they
can be retrieved when the user returns from the OpenID
provider. Upon returning from the provider, the new user
account is created and the user is logged in.

sessions_controller.rb - Similar to the UsersController, the
create method has been changed to redirect to the OpenID
provider if an OpenID URL was provided, and then loads the
user record based on the identity URL after returning from the
OpenID provider.

models/
user.rb - I have made a few changes here (and related changes
deeper in the plugin code) to allow a User record to validate
without a login and password if OpenID is being used.

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