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Evaluations of BERT on the tasks: Word Similarity, Analogy Solving, and Paraphrase Detection

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Authors: Adam Storek, Tom Cohen

This is the code repository for Natural Language Processing, Spring 2021. It contains a minimal implementation of word embedding evaluation via three tasks (two intrinsic and one intrinsic), and sample solution code that generates and evaluates embedding spaces under two different algorithms (word2vec, PPMI-SVD) and parameter settings.

Evaluation

The main script to run for evaluation is evaluate.py.

The three tasks used in this implementation are

  • Word similarity (dataset: WordSim353[1]; method: cosine similarity; evaluation metric: Spearman's rho)
  • Analogy solving (dataset: BATS[2]; method: vector offset (3CosAdd); evaluation metric: accuracy)
  • Paraphrase detection (dataset: MSR Paraphrase Corpus[3] via this repo; method: logistic regression over cosine similarity; evaluation metric: accuracy)

See in-code documentation for more detailed instructions on how to run.

Sample solution

Solution code is located in solution.py.

The solution uses gensim to train word2vec models and implements SVD using scipy's solver. It collects co-occurrences and computes the PPMI matrix first, saves it, then loads the saved matrix for subsequent runs of SVD.

References

[1] Placing search in context: The concept revisited. Lev Finkelstein, Evgeniy Gabrilovich, Yossi Matias, Ehud Rivlin, Zach Solan, Gadi Wolfman, and Eytan Ruppin. ACM Transactions on information systems, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 116-131. January 2002.

[2] Analogy-based detection of morphological and semantic relations with word embeddings: what works and what doesn't. In Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, pages 8–15. June 2016.

[3] Unsupervised construction of large paraphrase corpora: Exploiting massively parallel news sources. COLING 2004. August 2004.

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Evaluations of BERT on the tasks: Word Similarity, Analogy Solving, and Paraphrase Detection

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