Move to vanilla firecracker snapshots #794
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CuriousGeorgiy
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The networking managing component is responsible for managing virtual networks that will be used for firecracker microVMs to be compatible with snapshot-restore. Closes Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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The networking managing component is responsible for managing virtual networks that will be used for firecracker microVMs to be compatible with snapshot-restore. Closes Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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The networking managing component is responsible for managing virtual networks that will be used for firecracker microVMs to be compatible with snapshot-restore. Closes Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. The tap manager will be refactored into a new networking managing component responsible for managing the network topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. The tap manager will be refactored into a new networking managing component responsible for managing the network topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. The tap manager will be refactored into a new networking managing component responsible for managing the network topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. The tap manager will be refactored into a new networking managing component responsible for managing the network topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Encapsulate container image management into a separate module that provides an image manager class. Closes vhive-serverless#799 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Sep 4, 2023
Encapsulate container image management into a separate module that provides an image manager class. Closes vhive-serverless#799 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Sep 5, 2023
Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, a new network topology is proposed (see vhive-serverless#797 for details), and a new networking management component is introduced. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. Introduce a new networking management component for the topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. Introduce a new networking management component for the topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
CuriousGeorgiy
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. Introduce a new networking management component for the topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes vhive-serverless#797 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Encapsulate container image management into a separate module that provides an image manager class. Closes vhive-serverless#799 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, each firecracker VM needs to use a TAP network device, to route its packages into the network stack of the physical host. When saving and restoring a function instance, the tap device name and the IP address of the functions’ server, running inside the container, are preserved (see also the current requirements for vanilla firecracker snapshot loading [1]). This leads to networking conflicts on the host and limits the snapshot restoration to a single instance per physical machine. To bypass this obstacle, the following network topology is proposed: 1. A new network namespace (e.g.: VMns4) is created for each VM, in which the TAP device from the snapshotted VM is rebuilt and receives the original IP address of the function. The TAP device will broadcast all the incoming and outgoing packets to and from the serverless function and VM’s network interface. Each VM will run in its own network namespace, leading to no conflicts on the host due to networking resources. 2. A local virtual tunnel is established between the VM inside its network namespace and the host node via a virtual ethernet pair (veth). A link is then established between the two ends of the virtual ethernet pair, in the network namespace (veth4-0) and the host namespace (veth4-1). In contrast, the default vHive configuration sets up a similar forwarding system through network bridges. 3. Inside the network namespace we add a routing rule that redirects all packets via the veth VM end towards a default gateway (172.17.0.17). Thus, all packets sent by the function will show at the hosts’ end of the tunnel. 4. To avoid IP conflicts when routing the packets to and from functions, each VM is assigned a unique clone address (172.18.0.5). All packets leaving the VM end of the virtual ethernet pair get their source address rewritten to the clone address of the corresponding VM. Packets entering the host end of the virtual ethernet pair get their destination address written to the original address of the VM. As a result, each VM still thinks it is using the original address while in reality, its address is translated to a clone address, different for every VM. This is accomplished using two rules in the NAT table corresponding to the virtual namespace of the VM. One rule is added in the POSTROUTING chain and one in the PREROUTING chain. The POSTROUTING rule alters the network packets before they are sent out in the virtual tunnel, from the VM namespace to the host, and rewrites the IP source address of the packet. Similarly, the PREROUTING rule overwrites the destination address of incoming packets, before routing. The two ensure that packets going into the virtual namespace have their destination address the original IP address of the VM (172.16.0.2), while packets coming out of the namespace have their source address the clone IP address (172.18.05). The source IP address will remain the same for all the VM in the enhanced snapshotting mode, being set to 172.16.0.2 respectively. 5. In the routing table of the host, we add a rule that dictates that any package that has as destination IP the clone IP of a VM, will be routed towards the end of the tunnel situated in the corresponding network namespace, through a set gateway (172.17.0.18). This ensures that whenever packages arrive on the host for a VM, they will be sent down the right virtual tunnel instantaneously. 6. In the hosts NFT filter table we add 2 rules for the FORWARD chain, that allow traffic from the host end of the veth pair (veth4-1) to the default host interface (eno 49) and vice versa. Introduce a new networking management component for the topology described above. 1. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/blob/main/docs/snapshotting/snapshot-support.md#loading-snapshots Closes #797 Part of #794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Encapsulate container image management into a separate module that provides an image manager class. Closes vhive-serverless#799 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Encapsulate container image management into a separate module that provides an image manager class. Closes vhive-serverless#799 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, VM snapshots are managed by the orchestrator via a table of idle function instances. With vhive-serverless#794 snapshot management will become more complicated, and thus it requires refactoring into a separate component. Closes vhive-serverless#802 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, VM snapshots are managed by the orchestrator via a table of idle function instances. With vhive-serverless#794 snapshot management will become more complicated, and thus it requires refactoring into a separate component. Closes vhive-serverless#802 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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In the scope of vhive-serverless#794, we will need to manage container snapshots backed by the thin pool device mapper, so we need to introduce a separate module for this. Closes vhive-serverless#805 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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In the scope of vhive-serverless#794, we will need to manage container snapshots backed by the thin pool device mapper, so we need to introduce a separate module for this. Closes vhive-serverless#805 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, the host interface name is separated from the VM pool and tap manager, and as a result, it needs to be passed to all VM pool methods. This is inconvenient, so encapsulate the host interface name into the VM pool and tap manager. Closes vhive-serverless#810 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, the host interface name is separated from the VM pool and tap manager, and as a result, it needs to be passed to all VM pool methods. This is inconvenient, so encapsulate the host interface name into the VM pool and tap manager. Closes vhive-serverless#810 Part of vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Replace the tap manager with the new network manager and drop the tap manager. Rework snapshot manager to maintain one list of snapshots with a new usable feature. Create a device snapshot for the base container image during patch creation. Drop VM offloading APIs and replace them with snapshot creation or VM shutdown. Add a new network pool size option to the orchestrator. Update firecracker-related binaries. Update firecracker integration code. Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, the host interface name is separated from the VM pool and tap manager, and as a result, it needs to be passed to all VM pool methods. This is inconvenient, so encapsulate the host interface name into the VM pool and tap manager. Closes #810 Part of #794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes vhive-serverless#794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Closes #794 Signed-off-by: Georgiy Lebedev <lebedev.gk@phystech.edu>
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Currently, we have our own custom implementation of snapshots for firecracker, but it would be highly desirable to move to vanilla firecracker snapshots.
Firecracker supports snapshots since v0.23.0 1, they are also supported in the firecracker-go-sdk since v1.0.0 2. microVM snapshots are not supported in firecracker-containerd, so we need to patch it to support snapshot-restore requests.
Firecracker snapshots have a limitation on resource names during snapshot loading, which is not compatible with container snapshot mounts, so we will need to patch it, by adding a parameter to the snapshot loading request for the new container snapshot's path. We will also need to patch the firecracker-go-sdk to forward this new request parameter. See also firecracker-microvm/firecracker#4014 for details.
Footnotes
https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/releases/tag/v0.23.0 ↩
https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker-go-sdk/releases/tag/v1.0.0 ↩
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