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Starting the Review of Section on Numbers (Per #101)
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behnam committed Aug 15, 2017
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"publisher": "The Unicode Consortium",
"title": "The Unicode Standard",
"id": "UNICODE"
},

"W3-ARAB-MATH": {
"authors": [
"Azzeddine Lazrek",
"Mustapha Eddahibi",
"Khalid Sami",
"Bruce R. Miller"
],
"href": "https://www.w3.org/TR/arabic-math/",
"publisher": "World Wide Web Consortium",
"title": "Arabic mathematical notation",
"id": "W3-ARAB-MATH"
}

},
};
</script>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1528,28 +1540,104 @@ <h3><a href="#h_mixedscript">Considerations for mixed-script text</a>


<section id="h_numbers">
<h3><a href="#h_numbers">Arabic numbering</a>
<h3><a href="#h_numbers">Numbers</a>
</h3>

<section id="h_Arabic_number_writing">
<h4><a href="#h_Arabic_number_writing">Arabic number writing</a> </h4>
<p>There are mostly two families of <span style="font-family: Waseem;">numerals</span>
in Arabic script. One known as European digits aka as Arabic Digits
(Unicode range U+0030-U+0039), the second is Arabic-Indic Digits
(Unicode range U+0660-U+0669). The latter further gave another
sub-notation for Persian/Urdu digits, the Extended (or Eastern)
Arabic-Indic Digits (Unicode range U+06F0-U+06F9), in which digits
4, 5 and 6 have another glyph. The following table summarizes those
families:</p>
<figure id="order_in_memory"> <img style="width: 465px; height: 95px;"
src="images/Arabic-numeral.png"
alt="Arabic Numerals">
<figcaption> Different notations for Arabic script digits </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Digits on the first row are predominant in Western Arabic regions,
while the second row digits are used in most of the Middle-East
countries, sometime along with the former. Persian and Urdu mostly
use the third category.</p>
<section id="h_preferred_terminology">
<h4><a href="#h_preferred_terminology">Preferred Terminology</a></h4>
<p>Before entering this section in we need to introduce few preferred terminological
conventions for disambiguation and simplicity.</p>

<ul>
<li><strong><span class="qterm">European Numerals</span></strong> are
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. They are also referred to as <span class="qterm">Western
Arabic Numerals</span> or simply as <span class="qterm">Arabic Numerals</span>. Although
these are terminologically correct terms, to avoid confusions we will refrain from using
these phrases to refer to these numerals. <span class="qterm">European Numerals</span> or
<span class="qterm">ASCII Digits</span> are used instead;
</li>
<li><strong><span class="qterm">Arabic-Indic Numerals</span></strong> are <bdi>٠</bdi>, <bdi>١</bdi>, <bdi>٢</bdi>,
<bdi>٣</bdi>, <bdi>٤</bdi>, <bdi>٥</bdi>, <bdi>٦</bdi>, <bdi>٧</bdi>, <bdi>٨</bdi>,
<bdi>٩</bdi>;</li>
<li><strong><span class="qterm">Eastern Arabic-Indic Numerals</span></strong> are ۰, ۱, ۲, ۳, ۴, ۵, ۶, ۷, ۸, ۹;</li>
<li><strong>Extended Arabic-Indic Numerals</strong> same as Eastern Arabic-Indic Numerals.</li>
<li><strong>Western Arabic Numerals</strong> same as European Numerals;</li>
<li><strong>Eastern Arabic Numerals</strong> is used to refer to both Arabic-Indic and
Eastern Arabic-Indic Numerals. Should be avoided due to ambiguity;</li>
<li><strong>Indic Numerals</strong> should be avoided to refer to either of Arabic-Indic
or Eastern Arabic-Indic numerals.</li>
<li><strong>Digit</strong>, <strong>Numeral digit</strong>, and <strong>Numeral</strong>
are used as synonyms.</li>
</ul>
</section>

<section id="h_families_of_numerals">
<h4><a href="#h_families_of_numerals">Families of Numerals</a></h4>
<p>There are three families of numerals used with languages using the Arabic Script.
The first is known as European Numerals; the second family is Arabic-Indic Numerals.
The third is Eastern Arabic-Indic Numerals. The following table, based on a similar table in
[[W3-ARAB-MATH]] exhibits these three families:</p>

<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Family</th>
<th>Unicode Range</th>
<th colspan="10">Numeral Digits</th>
<th>Regions in Use</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>European</th>
<td>U+0030..U+0039</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>Western Arabic-speaking countries; e.g. Algeria or Morocco.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th>Arabic-Indic</th>
<td>U+0660..U+0669</td>
<td>٠</td>
<td>١</td>
<td>٢</td>
<td>٣</td>
<td>٤</td>
<td>٥</td>
<td>٦</td>
<td>٧</td>
<td>٨</td>
<td>٩</td>
<td>Arabic-speaking countries of the Middle-East, eastern Arabic-speaking countries; e.g. Egypt.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th>Eastern Arabic-Indic</th>
<td>U+06F0..U+06F9</td>
<td>۰</td>
<td>۱</td>
<td>۲</td>
<td>۳</td>
<td>۴</td>
<td>۵</td>
<td>۶</td>
<td>۷</td>
<td>۸</td>
<td>۹</td>
<td>Iran and Afghanistan.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<p>Arabic numbers are written with the lowest significant digits to
the right and the highest digits to the left. That arrangement is
identical to the Western one, even though Arabic script is written
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