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#### 五、数据处理 | ||
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##### 实验一:法拉第电解定律的验证 | ||
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###### 1、原始数据记录 | ||
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| 输入电流I(A) | 输入电压U(V) | 时间t(s) | 电量(c) |$H_2$产生量测量值(ml) |$H_2$产生量理论值(ml) | | ||
| ------------ | ------------ | -------- | ------- | ---- | ---- | | ||
|%%I[0]%%|%%U1[0]%%|%%t[0]%%|%%It[0]%%|%%Vc[0]%%|%%VH[0]%%| | ||
|%%I[1]%%|%%U1[1]%%|%%t[1]%%|%%It[1]%%|%%Vc[1]%%|%%VH[1]%%| | ||
|%%I[2]%%|%%U1[2]%%|%%t[2]%%|%%It[2]%%|%%Vc[2]%%|%%VH[2]%%| | ||
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###### 2、数据处理 | ||
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电量计算:因为$Q=It$,所以${Q}_{1}=%%I[0]%%\times%%t[0]%% = %%It[0]%%c$。 | ||
同理:${Q}_{2}=%%I[1]%%\times%%t[1]%% = %%It[1]%%c$, | ||
${Q}_{3}=%%I[2]%%\times%%t[2]%% = %%It[2]%%c$ | ||
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$H_2$产生理论值的计算 | ||
由公式${V}_{{H}_{2}}=\frac{273.16+T}{273.16}\times\frac{{p}_{0}}{p}\times\frac{It}{2F}\times22.4$ | ||
$T=%%T%%\circ C$,${P}_{0}=P$ | ||
得:${V}_{{H}_{21}}=\frac{273.16+%%T%%}{273.16}\times1\times\frac{%%It[0]%%}{2\times96500}\times22.4 = %%VH[0]%%ml$ | ||
${V}_{{H}_{22}} = %%VH[1]%%ml$ | ||
${V}_{{H}_{23}} = %%VH[2]%%ml$ | ||
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误差计算 | ||
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设相对误差为A,所以${A}_{1}=\frac{{V}_{\text{测1}}-%%VH[0]%%}{%%VH[0]%%}\times100\% = %%A[0]%%$ | ||
${A}_{2}=\frac{{V}_{\text{测2}}-%%VH[1]%%}{%%VH[1]%%}\times100\% = %%A[1]%%$ | ||
${A}_{3}=\frac{{V}_{\text{测3}}-%%VH[2]%%}{%%VH[2]%%}\times100\% = %%A[2]%%$ | ||
结论:在误差允许范围内,法拉第电解定律成立。 | ||
误差分析: | ||
1、由于电解池的效率不可能达到100%,故测量值必然会小于理论值。是为本实验中的系统误差 | ||
2、由于气水塔上的刻度只精确到毫升,故人眼读数会有一定的误差。 | ||
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##### 实验二:燃料电池输出特性的测量 | ||
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###### 1、原始数据记录 | ||
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| 输出电压U(V) |{%for Ui in U %} %%Ui%% {% endfor %} | ||
| ------------- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | | ||
| 输出电流I(mA) |{%for Ii in I2 %} %%Ii%% {% endfor %} | ||
| 功率P(mW) |{%for Pi in P %}%%Pi%% {% endfor %} | ||
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###### 2、数据处理 | ||
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功率计算:P=UI,结果见上表 | ||
${p}_{max} = %%P_m%% mW$ | ||
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###### 3、燃料电池极化特性曲线 | ||
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![](%%pic1%%.png) | ||
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##### 实验三:太阳能电池的特性测量 | ||
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###### 1、原始数据记录 | ||
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| 输出电压U(V) |{%for ui in u %}%%ui%% {% endfor %} | ||
| ------------ | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | | ||
| 输出电流I(A) |{%for ii in i %}& %%ii%% {% endfor %} | ||
| 功率P(W) |{%for pi in p %}& %%pi%% {% endfor %} | ||
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短路电流${I}_{sc}= %%I_sc%% A$ | ||
开路电压${U}_{oc} = %%U_oc%%V$ | ||
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###### 2、数据处理 | ||
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P=UI,结果见上表 | ||
${p}_{max} = %%p_m%% W$ | ||
所以填充因子$FF=\frac{{U}_{m}{I}_{m}}{{U}_{OC}{I}_{SC}}=\frac{ %%p_m%% }{ %%I_sc%% \times %%U_oc%% } = %%FF%%$ | ||
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###### 3、太阳能电池伏安特性曲线的绘制 | ||
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![](%%pic2%%.png) | ||
$${U}_{m} = %%U_m%% V$$ | ||
$${I}_{m} = %%I_m%% A$$ | ||
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###### 4、该电池输出功率随输出电压的变化曲线 | ||
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![](%%pic3%%.png) |
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