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Git Cheatsheet

Version Control for the Humanities with Git Workshop

Basic Workflow

pull or init > (add / rm / modify) > commit > push

Starting a New Project

  1. git init to start watching the current directory
  2. git add foo.txt to stage the file
  3. git commit -m "my first commit notes" describe your changes
  4. git remote add origin https://github.com/denten/dhnotes point to the remote repo
  5. git push -u origin master push to remote for the first time

Syncing with an Existing Project

git clone https://github.com/denten/dhnotes clone the remote then rejoin the above instructions at step 2.

git pull before doing anything

note: git pull does a git fetch followed by a git merge

git add/rm foo.txt
Stage any new files you want to commit. Modified files will be staged automatically. git reset to unstage. Add new files with add and remove with rm. Use the --amend flag to amend the commit before pushing

use git commit -am "notes go here" to combine add and commit in one line

git push to push changes to the server

Fork and Pull Request Model of Contribution

  1. Click to fork, by going to the team's project repository (R1). This creates a copy or a "fork" of the repository in your own account (R2).

  2. Clone your own repository (R2) down to your machine (L2).

  3. Make some changes.

  4. Push your changes from your local machine (L2) to your own remote repository (R2).

  5. Navigate to your repository (R2) using your browser. Click to create a "pull request," which asks the moderators of the teams repository (R1) to accept your changes from R2.

You will have to go through this process for each change. If you contribute frequently to the same team project you may want set up a sync between R1 and R2. In the language of Git you will set R1 as "upstream" of R2.

Diagnostics

git diff to see the diffs on your modified files

git status is your best friend

git log --graph

git remote -v to show fetch and push locations

git remote show origin

Branching

  1. Make a new branch and switch to it: git checkout -b edits
  2. Edit your files
  3. Commit your changes to advance head: git commit -am "notes"
  4. Switch back to master: git checkout master
  5. Merge the patch: git merge edits

Submodules

Submodules are repositories within repositories. Try to avoid this, but useful for syncing your vim settings, for example, which will have other git repos attached. Also useful to manage GitHub Wikis.

git clone --recursive git://github.com/foo/bar.git to clone including the submodules

git submodule add https://github.com/user/repo to add submodules to an existing project

git submodule init if the files are not pulling

git submodule update to update your submodules

git submodule foreach git pull origin master or git pull --recurse-submodules origin master to upgrade all submodules

if the head gets detached run git checkout master

git submodule deinit followed by git rm name-of-submodule to remove submodule (Git 1.8.5+)

if the submodule head gets detached, run $ git checkout master from the submodule directory followed by git pull. See this tutorial for more information. See the Github Tips section for Wiki handling.

Tips

  • Use SSH instead of HTTPS to avoid storing unencrypted credentials locally (or logging in with every push / pull). Follow the instructions here to set up ssh. SSH will allow you to use your keyring on a Mac or do ssh-add on Debian linux once per session.

  • To clone a project without the top directory run $ git clone PATH . But that will only work for an empty directory. If the directory is not empty follow the git init route (as you would with a new repo and remote add origin as usual.

  • git add -A to add all untracked files and directories

Create a new branch identical with the old one

git checkout -b new_branch old_branch
git push origin new_branch
  • GitHub Pages TBA

Wikis

  • Add your wiki to the repo as a submodule by running $ git submodule add -b master [URL to Git repo].wiki.git. The submodule allows you to edit the wiki locally, in markdown. Use gollum to preview locally, if needed.
  • Note that the submodule points to a specific revision. Make changes and commit / push in the submodule as usual. Run $ git submodule update --remote in the parent directory to update the pointer to the correct revision.
  • This will mean that for every change in the wiki you have to push twice, once to the wiki (from the submodule directory) and once to the main repository, from the root repo folder.
  • The wiki tool on gitHub will always have the latest revision.
  • If the head gets detached run $ git checkout master in the submodule directory.

Merge Conflicts

  • Install p4merge on Mac, WinMerge on Windows, or Meld on Linux.
  • run git config --global merge.tool p4merge to set your default merge tool
  • git mergetool after "unable to merge" errors