ICU-21032 backport CI stuff

backport of CI stuff from c163f7d
so that we can actually test this branch

.appveyor.yml

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+# AppVeyor configuration for CI Builds of ICU4C.
+
+image: Visual Studio 2017
+platform: x64
+
+# Don't clone the entire repo.
+clone_depth: 1
+
+# Cache things between builds to speed things up and save bandwidth.
+cache:
+  - c:\icu-ci-cache
+
+# Notes:
+#  - The VS2017 build is disabled (commented out) below, as we build both VS2015 and VS2017
+#    on Azure Pipelines instead, since that is much faster.
+#
+#  - For the Cygwin build, the CYG_MIRROR URL below is from the "Cygwin Time Machine" archive,
+#    and that URL maps to the 64-bit version of Cygwin 2.11.2-1 (with timestamp 1550062412).
+#    This was the last release of Cygwin 2.11 before version 3.0.0 was released.
+#    See: http://www.crouchingtigerhiddenfruitbat.org/Cygwin/timemachine.html
+#
+#    Note: The archived Cygwin repo does not keep or retain any file signature files, so we
+#    must use the "-X" or "--no-verify" option below in the setup command.
+
+environment:
+  global:
+    ICU_CI_CACHE: c:\icu-ci-cache
+    CYG_URL: https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe
+    CYG_MIRROR: http://ctm.crouchingtigerhiddenfruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/circa/64bit/2019/02/13/045332
+    CYG_PACKAGES: automake,gcc-core,gcc-g++,make,pkg-config,perl,python3
+    CYG_ROOT: c:\cygwin-root
+    CYG_CACHE: '%ICU_CI_CACHE%\cygwin64'
+    CYG_CACHED_SETUP: '%CYG_CACHE%\setup.exe'
+
+  matrix:
+    - BUILDSYSTEM: cygwin64-gcc
+      CC: gcc
+      CXX: g++
+      APPVEYOR_SAVE_CACHE_ON_ERROR: true
+#    - BUILDSYSTEM: VS2017
+#      configuration: Release
+#      APPVEYOR_CACHE_SKIP_RESTORE: true
+#      APPVEYOR_CACHE_SKIP_SAVE: true
+
+for:
+  -
+    matrix:
+      only:
+        - BUILDSYSTEM: cygwin64-gcc
+
+    install:
+      - ps: >-
+          if ( !(Test-Path "${env:CYG_CACHED_SETUP}" -NewerThan (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)) )
+          {
+            Write-Host "Cached Cygwin setup does not exist or is older than 7 days, downloading from external site."
+            New-Item -Force -Type Directory $env:CYG_CACHE
+            Invoke-WebRequest $env:CYG_URL -OutFile $env:CYG_CACHED_SETUP
+          }
+      - cmd: >-
+          %CYG_CACHED_SETUP% --no-verify --quiet-mode --no-shortcuts --no-startmenu --no-desktop --upgrade-also --only-site --site "%CYG_MIRROR%" --root "%CYG_ROOT%"  --local-package-dir "%CYG_CACHE%" --packages "%CYG_PACKAGES%"
+
+    # Check that we have a working Cygwin environment before building.
+    before_build:
+      - "%CYG_ROOT%\\bin\\sh -lc 'echo Hello'"
+      - "%CYG_ROOT%\\bin\\sh -lc 'uname -a'"
+
+    build_script:
+      - '%CYG_ROOT%\\bin\\bash -lc "cd $(cygpath ${APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER}) && cd icu4c/source && ./runConfigureICU Cygwin && make check"'
+
+#  -
+#    matrix:
+#      only:
+#        - BUILDSYSTEM: VS2017
+#
+#    build:
+#      project: icu4c/source/allinone/allinone.sln
+#
+#    test_script:
+#      - icu4c/source/allinone/icucheck.bat x64 Release

.ci-builds/.azure-exhaustive-tests.yml

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+# Azure Pipelines configuration for Exhaustive Tests for ICU.
+# 
+# Note: The exhaustive test configuration is in a separate file
+# so that it can be run independently from the regular builds.
+#
+# Only run the exhaustive tests on the master and maint branches, and
+# also batch up any pending changes so that we will only have at most
+# one build running at a given time (since they take a long time).
+trigger:
+  batch: true
+  branches:
+    include:
+    - master
+    - maint/maint-*
+
+jobs:
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Note: The exhaustive tests for J take longer than the C tests. They 
+# take roughly 85 min to complete on the Azure VMs.
+- job: ICU4J_OpenJDK_Ubuntu_1604
+  displayName: 'J: Linux OpenJDK (Ubuntu 16.04)'
+  timeoutInMinutes: 100
+  pool:
+    vmImage: 'Ubuntu 16.04'
+    demands: ant
+  steps:
+    - checkout: self
+      lfs: true
+      fetchDepth: 1
+    - script: |
+        echo "Building ICU4J" && cd icu4j && ant init && ant exhaustiveCheck
+      displayName: 'Build and Exhaustive Tests'
+      env:
+        BUILD: ICU4J
+    - script: |
+        [ -d icu4j/out/junit-results ] && cd icu4j && cat `find out/junit-results -name "*.txt" -exec grep -l FAILED {} \;`
+      condition: failed() # only run if the build fails.
+      displayName: 'List failures (if any)'
+      timeoutInMinutes: 2
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Note: The exhaustive tests take roughly 65 mins to complete on the
+# Azure VMs.
+- job: ICU4C_Clang_Exhaustive_Ubuntu_1604
+  displayName: 'C: Linux Clang Exhaustive Tests (Ubuntu 16.04)'
+  timeoutInMinutes: 80
+  pool:
+    vmImage: 'Ubuntu 16.04'
+  steps:
+    - checkout: self
+      lfs: true
+      fetchDepth: 1
+    - script: |
+        cd icu4c/source && ./runConfigureICU Linux && make -j2
+      displayName: 'Build'
+    - script: |
+        cd icu4c/source && make check-exhaustive
+      displayName: 'Exhaustive Tests'
+      env:
+        CC: clang
+        CXX: clang++
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+