item.cpp

#include "item.h"

#include <cctype>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iterator>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <bitset>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <locale>

#include "advanced_inv.h"
#include "ammo.h"
#include "avatar.h"
#include "bionics.h"
#include "bodypart.h"
#include "cata_utility.h"
#include "coordinate_conversions.h"
#include "craft_command.h"
#include "damage.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "dispersion.h"
#include "effect.h" // for weed_msg
#include "enums.h"
#include "explosion.h"
#include "fault.h"
#include "field.h"
#include "fire.h"
#include "flag.h"
#include "game.h"
#include "game_constants.h"
#include "gun_mode.h"
#include "handle_liquid.h"
#include "iexamine.h"
#include "item_category.h"
#include "item_factory.h"
#include "iteminfo_query.h"
#include "itype.h"
#include "iuse_actor.h"
#include "map.h"
#include "martialarts.h"
#include "material.h"
#include "messages.h"
#include "mtype.h"
#include "npc.h"
#include "options.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "overmapbuffer.h"
#include "overmap.h"
#include "player.h"
#include "projectile.h"
#include "ranged.h"
#include "recipe_dictionary.h"
#include "requirements.h"
#include "ret_val.h"
#include "skill.h"
#include "string_formatter.h"
#include "text_snippets.h"
#include "translations.h"
#include "units.h"
#include "vehicle.h"
#include "vitamin.h"
#include "vpart_position.h"
#include "weather.h"
#include "catacharset.h"
#include "character.h"
#include "color.h"
#include "int_id.h"
#include "inventory.h"
#include "item_group.h"
#include "iuse.h"
#include "line.h"
#include "optional.h"
#include "pimpl.h"
#include "recipe.h"
#include "rng.h"
#include "weather_gen.h"
#include "clzones.h"
#include "faction.h"
#include "magic.h"
#include "clothing_mod.h"

class npc_class;

static const std::string GUN_MODE_VAR_NAME( "item::mode" );
static const std::string CLOTHING_MOD_VAR_PREFIX( "clothing_mod_" );

const skill_id skill_survival( "survival" );
const skill_id skill_melee( "melee" );
const skill_id skill_bashing( "bashing" );
const skill_id skill_cutting( "cutting" );
const skill_id skill_stabbing( "stabbing" );
const skill_id skill_unarmed( "unarmed" );
const skill_id skill_cooking( "cooking" );

const quality_id quality_jack( "JACK" );
const quality_id quality_lift( "LIFT" );

const species_id FISH( "FISH" );
const species_id BIRD( "BIRD" );
const species_id INSECT( "INSECT" );
const species_id ROBOT( "ROBOT" );

const efftype_id effect_cig( "cig" );
const efftype_id effect_shakes( "shakes" );
const efftype_id effect_sleep( "sleep" );
const efftype_id effect_weed_high( "weed_high" );

const material_id mat_leather( "leather" );
const material_id mat_kevlar( "kevlar" );

const fault_id fault_gun_blackpowder( "fault_gun_blackpowder" );

const trait_id trait_small2( "SMALL2" );
const trait_id trait_small_ok( "SMALL_OK" );
const trait_id trait_huge( "HUGE" );
const trait_id trait_huge_ok( "HUGE_OK" );
using npc_class_id = string_id<npc_class>;

std::string rad_badge_color( const int rad )
{
    using pair_t = std::pair<const int, const translation>;

    static const std::array<pair_t, 6> values = {{
            pair_t {  0, to_translation( "color", "green" ) },
            pair_t { 30, to_translation( "color", "blue" )  },
            pair_t { 60, to_translation( "color", "yellow" )},
            pair_t {120, to_translation( "color", "orange" )},
            pair_t {240, to_translation( "color", "red" )   },
            pair_t {500, to_translation( "color", "black" ) },
        }
    };

    for( const auto &i : values ) {
        if( rad <= i.first ) {
            return i.second.translated();
        }
    }

    return values.back().second.translated();
}

light_emission nolight = {0, 0, 0};

// Returns the default item type, used for the null item (default constructed),
// the returned pointer is always valid, it's never cleared by the @ref Item_factory.
static const itype *nullitem()
{
    static itype nullitem_m;
    return &nullitem_m;
}

item &null_item_reference()
{
    static item result{};
    // reset it, in case a previous caller has changed it
    result = item();
    return result;
}

namespace item_internal
{
bool goes_bad_temp_cache = false;
bool goes_bad_temp_cache_set = false;
inline bool goes_bad_cache_fetch()
{
    return goes_bad_temp_cache;
}
inline void goes_bad_cache_set( bool v )
{
    goes_bad_temp_cache = v;
    goes_bad_temp_cache_set = true;
}
inline void goes_bad_cache_unset()
{
    goes_bad_temp_cache_set = goes_bad_temp_cache = false;
}
inline bool goes_bad_cache_is_set()
{
    return goes_bad_temp_cache_set;
}
} // namespace item_internal

const int item::INFINITE_CHARGES = INT_MAX;

item::item() : bday( calendar::start_of_cataclysm )
{
    type = nullitem();
}

item::item( const itype *type, time_point turn, int qty ) : type( type ), bday( turn )
{
    corpse = has_flag( "CORPSE" ) ? &mtype_id::NULL_ID().obj() : nullptr;
    item_counter = type->countdown_interval;

    if( qty >= 0 ) {
        charges = qty;
    } else {
        if( type->tool && type->tool->rand_charges.size() > 1 ) {
            const int charge_roll = rng( 1, type->tool->rand_charges.size() - 1 );
            charges = rng( type->tool->rand_charges[charge_roll - 1], type->tool->rand_charges[charge_roll] );
        } else {
            charges = type->charges_default();
        }
    }

    if( has_flag( "NANOFAB_TEMPLATE" ) ) {
        itype_id nanofab_recipe = item_group::item_from( "nanofab_recipes" ).typeId();
        set_var( "NANOFAB_ITEM_ID", nanofab_recipe );
    }

    if( type->gun ) {
        for( const std::string &mod : type->gun->built_in_mods ) {
            emplace_back( mod, turn, qty ).item_tags.insert( "IRREMOVABLE" );
        }
        for( const std::string &mod : type->gun->default_mods ) {
            emplace_back( mod, turn, qty );
        }

    } else if( type->magazine ) {
        if( type->magazine->count > 0 ) {
            emplace_back( type->magazine->default_ammo, calendar::turn, type->magazine->count );
        }

    } else if( has_temperature() || goes_bad() ) {
        active = true;
        last_temp_check = bday;
        last_rot_check = bday;

    } else if( type->tool ) {
        if( ammo_remaining() && !ammo_types().empty() ) {
            ammo_set( ammo_default(), ammo_remaining() );
        }
    }

    if( ( type->gun || type->tool ) && !magazine_integral() ) {
        set_var( "magazine_converted", 1 );
    }

    if( !type->snippet_category.empty() ) {
        note = SNIPPET.assign( type->snippet_category );
    }

    if( current_phase == PNULL ) {
        current_phase = type->phase;
    }
    // item always has any relic properties from itype.
    relic_data = type->relic_data;
}

item::item( const itype_id &id, time_point turn, int qty )
    : item( find_type( id ), turn, qty ) {}

item::item( const itype *type, time_point turn, default_charges_tag )
    : item( type, turn, type->charges_default() ) {}

item::item( const itype_id &id, time_point turn, default_charges_tag tag )
    : item( find_type( id ), turn, tag ) {}

item::item( const itype *type, time_point turn, solitary_tag )
    : item( type, turn, type->count_by_charges() ? 1 : -1 ) {}

item::item( const itype_id &id, time_point turn, solitary_tag tag )
    : item( find_type( id ), turn, tag ) {}

safe_reference<item> item::get_safe_reference()
{
    return anchor.reference_to( this );
}

static const item *get_most_rotten_component( const item &craft )
{
    const item *most_rotten = nullptr;
    for( const item &it : craft.components ) {
        if( it.goes_bad() ) {
            if( !most_rotten || it.get_relative_rot() > most_rotten->get_relative_rot() ) {
                most_rotten = &it;
            }
        }
    }
    return most_rotten;
}

item::item( const recipe *rec, int qty, std::list<item> items, std::vector<item_comp> selections )
    : item( "craft", calendar::turn, qty )
{
    making = rec;
    components = items;
    comps_used = selections;

    if( is_food() ) {
        active = true;
        last_temp_check = bday;
        last_rot_check = bday;
        if( goes_bad() ) {
            const item *most_rotten = get_most_rotten_component( *this );
            if( most_rotten ) {
                set_relative_rot( most_rotten->get_relative_rot() );
            }
        }
    }

    for( const item &it : components ) {
        if( it.has_flag( "HIDDEN_POISON" ) ) {
            set_flag( "HIDDEN_POISON" );
        }
        if( it.has_flag( "HIDDEN_HALLU" ) ) {
            set_flag( "HIDDEN_HALLU" );
        }
        if( it.is_filthy() ) {
            set_flag( "FILTHY" );
        }
    }

}

item item::make_corpse( const mtype_id &mt, time_point turn, const std::string &name )
{
    if( !mt.is_valid() ) {
        debugmsg( "tried to make a corpse with an invalid mtype id" );
    }

    std::string corpse_type = mt == mtype_id::NULL_ID() ? "corpse_generic_human" : "corpse";

    item result( corpse_type, turn );
    result.corpse = &mt.obj();

    if( result.corpse->has_flag( MF_REVIVES ) && one_in( 20 ) ) {
        result.item_tags.insert( "REVIVE_SPECIAL" );
    }

    // This is unconditional because the const itemructor above sets result.name to
    // "human corpse".
    result.corpse_name = name;

    return result;
}

item &item::convert( const itype_id &new_type )
{
    type = find_type( new_type );
    return *this;
}

item &item::deactivate( const Character *ch, bool alert )
{
    if( !active ) {
        return *this; // no-op
    }

    if( is_tool() && type->tool->revert_to ) {
        if( ch && alert && !type->tool->revert_msg.empty() ) {
            ch->add_msg_if_player( m_info, _( type->tool->revert_msg ), tname() );
        }
        convert( *type->tool->revert_to );
        active = false;

    }
    return *this;
}

item &item::activate()
{
    if( active ) {
        return *this; // no-op
    }

    if( type->countdown_interval > 0 ) {
        item_counter = type->countdown_interval;
    }

    active = true;

    return *this;
}

units::energy item::set_energy( const units::energy &qty )
{
    if( !is_battery() ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to set energy of non-battery item" );
        return 0_J;
    }

    units::energy val = energy_remaining() + qty;
    if( val < 0_J ) {
        return val;
    } else if( val > type->battery->max_capacity ) {
        energy = type->battery->max_capacity;
    } else {
        energy = val;
    }
    return 0_J;
}

item &item::ammo_set( const itype_id &ammo, int qty )
{
    if( qty < 0 ) {
        // completely fill an integral or existing magazine
        if( magazine_integral() || magazine_current() ) {
            qty = ammo_capacity();

            // else try to add a magazine using default ammo count property if set
        } else if( magazine_default() != "null" ) {
            item mag( magazine_default() );
            if( mag.type->magazine->count > 0 ) {
                qty = mag.type->magazine->count;
            } else {
                qty = item( magazine_default() ).ammo_capacity();
            }
        }
    }

    if( qty <= 0 ) {
        ammo_unset();
        return *this;
    }

    // handle reloadable tools and guns with no specific ammo type as special case
    if( ( ammo == "null" && ammo_types().empty() ) || is_money() ) {
        if( ( is_tool() || is_gun() ) && magazine_integral() ) {
            curammo = nullptr;
            charges = std::min( qty, ammo_capacity() );
        }
        return *this;
    }

    // check ammo is valid for the item
    const itype *atype = item_controller->find_template( ammo );
    if( !atype->ammo || !ammo_types().count( atype->ammo->type ) ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to set invalid ammo of %s for %s", atype->nname( qty ), tname() );
        return *this;
    }

    if( is_magazine() ) {
        ammo_unset();
        emplace_back( ammo, calendar::turn, std::min( qty, ammo_capacity() ) );
        if( has_flag( "NO_UNLOAD" ) ) {
            contents.back().item_tags.insert( "NO_DROP" );
            contents.back().item_tags.insert( "IRREMOVABLE" );
        }

    } else if( magazine_integral() ) {
        curammo = atype;
        charges = std::min( qty, ammo_capacity() );

    } else {
        if( !magazine_current() ) {
            const itype *mag = find_type( magazine_default() );
            if( !mag->magazine ) {
                debugmsg( "Tried to set ammo of %s without suitable magazine for %s",
                          atype->nname( qty ), tname() );
                return *this;
            }

            // if default magazine too small fetch instead closest available match
            if( mag->magazine->capacity < qty ) {
                // as above call to magazine_default successful can infer minimum one option exists
                auto iter = type->magazines.find( atype->ammo->type );
                if( iter == type->magazines.end() ) {
                    debugmsg( "%s doesn't have a magazine for %s",
                              tname(), ammo );
                    return *this;
                }
                std::vector<itype_id> opts( iter->second.begin(), iter->second.end() );
                std::sort( opts.begin(), opts.end(), []( const itype_id & lhs, const itype_id & rhs ) {
                    return find_type( lhs )->magazine->capacity < find_type( rhs )->magazine->capacity;
                } );
                mag = find_type( opts.back() );
                for( const std::string &e : opts ) {
                    if( find_type( e )->magazine->capacity >= qty ) {
                        mag = find_type( e );
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            emplace_back( mag );
        }
        magazine_current()->ammo_set( ammo, qty );
    }

    return *this;
}

item &item::ammo_unset()
{
    if( !is_tool() && !is_gun() && !is_magazine() ) {
        // do nothing
    } else if( is_magazine() ) {
        contents.clear();
    } else if( magazine_integral() ) {
        curammo = nullptr;
        charges = 0;
    } else if( magazine_current() ) {
        magazine_current()->ammo_unset();
    }

    return *this;
}

int item::damage() const
{
    return damage_;
}

int item::damage_level( int max ) const
{
    if( damage_ == 0 || max <= 0 ) {
        return 0;
    } else if( max_damage() <= 1 ) {
        return damage_ > 0 ? max : damage_;
    } else if( damage_ < 0 ) {
        return -( ( max - 1 ) * ( -damage_ - 1 ) / ( max_damage() - 1 ) + 1 );
    } else {
        return ( max - 1 ) * ( damage_ - 1 ) / ( max_damage() - 1 ) + 1;
    }
}

item &item::set_damage( int qty )
{
    damage_ = std::max( std::min( qty, max_damage() ), min_damage() );
    return *this;
}

item item::split( int qty )
{
    if( !count_by_charges() || qty <= 0 || qty >= charges ) {
        return item();
    }
    item res = *this;
    res.charges = qty;
    charges -= qty;
    return res;
}

bool item::is_null() const
{
    static const std::string s_null( "null" ); // used a lot, no need to repeat
    // Actually, type should never by null at all.
    return ( type == nullptr || type == nullitem() || typeId() == s_null );
}

bool item::is_unarmed_weapon() const
{
    return has_flag( "UNARMED_WEAPON" ) || is_null();
}

bool item::is_frozen_liquid() const
{
    return made_of( SOLID ) && made_of_from_type( LIQUID );
}

bool item::covers( const body_part bp ) const
{
    return get_covered_body_parts().test( bp );
}

body_part_set item::get_covered_body_parts() const
{
    return get_covered_body_parts( get_side() );
}

body_part_set item::get_covered_body_parts( const side s ) const
{
    body_part_set res;

    if( is_gun() ) {
        // Currently only used for guns with the should strap mod, other guns might
        // go on another bodypart.
        res.set( bp_torso );
    }

    const islot_armor *armor = find_armor_data();
    if( armor == nullptr ) {
        return res;
    }

    res |= armor->covers;

    if( !armor->sided ) {
        return res; // Just ignore the side.
    }

    switch( s ) {
        case side::BOTH:
        case side::num_sides:
            break;

        case side::LEFT:
            res.reset( bp_arm_r );
            res.reset( bp_hand_r );
            res.reset( bp_leg_r );
            res.reset( bp_foot_r );
            break;

        case side::RIGHT:
            res.reset( bp_arm_l );
            res.reset( bp_hand_l );
            res.reset( bp_leg_l );
            res.reset( bp_foot_l );
            break;
    }

    return res;
}

bool item::is_sided() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    return t ? t->sided : false;
}

side item::get_side() const
{
    // MSVC complains if directly cast double to enum
    return static_cast<side>( static_cast<int>( get_var( "lateral",
                              static_cast<int>( side::BOTH ) ) ) );
}

bool item::set_side( side s )
{
    if( !is_sided() ) {
        return false;
    }

    if( s == side::BOTH ) {
        erase_var( "lateral" );
    } else {
        set_var( "lateral", static_cast<int>( s ) );
    }

    return true;
}

bool item::swap_side()
{
    return set_side( opposite_side( get_side() ) );
}

bool item::is_worn_only_with( const item &it ) const
{
    return is_power_armor() && it.is_power_armor() && it.covers( bp_torso );
}

item item::in_its_container() const
{
    return in_container( type->default_container.value_or( "null" ) );
}

item item::in_container( const itype_id &cont ) const
{
    if( cont != "null" ) {
        item ret( cont, birthday() );
        ret.contents.push_back( *this );
        if( made_of( LIQUID ) && ret.is_container() ) {
            // Note: we can't use any of the normal container functions as they check the
            // container being suitable (seals, watertight etc.)
            ret.contents.back().charges = charges_per_volume( ret.get_container_capacity() );
        }

        ret.invlet = invlet;
        return ret;
    } else {
        return *this;
    }
}

int item::charges_per_volume( const units::volume &vol ) const
{
    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        if( type->volume == 0_ml ) {
            debugmsg( "Item '%s' with zero volume", tname() );
            return INFINITE_CHARGES;
        }
        // Type cast to prevent integer overflow with large volume containers like the cargo
        // dimension
        return vol * static_cast<int64_t>( type->stack_size ) / type->volume;
    } else {
        units::volume my_volume = volume();
        if( my_volume == 0_ml ) {
            debugmsg( "Item '%s' with zero volume", tname() );
            return INFINITE_CHARGES;
        }
        return vol / my_volume;
    }
}

bool item::display_stacked_with( const item &rhs, bool check_components ) const
{
    return !count_by_charges() && stacks_with( rhs, check_components );
}

bool item::stacks_with( const item &rhs, bool check_components ) const
{
    if( type != rhs.type ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( charges != 0 && rhs.charges != 0 && is_money() ) {
        // Dealing with nonempty cash cards
        return true;
    }
    // This function is also used to test whether items counted by charges should be merged, for that
    // check the, the charges must be ignored. In all other cases (tools/guns), the charges are important.
    if( !count_by_charges() && charges != rhs.charges ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( is_favorite != rhs.is_favorite ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( damage_ != rhs.damage_ ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( burnt != rhs.burnt ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( active != rhs.active ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( item_tags != rhs.item_tags ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( faults != rhs.faults ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( techniques != rhs.techniques ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( item_vars != rhs.item_vars ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( goes_bad() && rhs.goes_bad() ) {
        // Stack items that fall into the same "bucket" of freshness.
        // Distant buckets are larger than near ones.
        std::pair<int, clipped_unit> my_clipped_time_to_rot =
            clipped_time( get_shelf_life() - rot );
        std::pair<int, clipped_unit> other_clipped_time_to_rot =
            clipped_time( rhs.get_shelf_life() - rhs.rot );
        if( my_clipped_time_to_rot != other_clipped_time_to_rot ) {
            return false;
        }
        if( rotten() != rhs.rotten() ) {
            // just to be safe that rotten and unrotten food is *never* stacked.
            return false;
        }
    }
    if( ( corpse == nullptr && rhs.corpse != nullptr ) ||
        ( corpse != nullptr && rhs.corpse == nullptr ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( corpse != nullptr && rhs.corpse != nullptr && corpse->id != rhs.corpse->id ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( is_craft() && rhs.is_craft() ) {
        if( get_making().ident() != rhs.get_making().ident() ) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    if( check_components || is_comestible() || is_craft() ) {
        //Only check if at least one item isn't using the default recipe or is comestible
        if( !components.empty() || !rhs.components.empty() ) {
            if( get_uncraft_components() != rhs.get_uncraft_components() ) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    if( contents.size() != rhs.contents.size() ) {
        return false;
    }
    return std::equal( contents.begin(), contents.end(), rhs.contents.begin(), []( const item & a,
    const item & b ) {
        return a.charges == b.charges && a.stacks_with( b );
    } );
}

bool item::merge_charges( const item &rhs )
{
    if( !count_by_charges() || !stacks_with( rhs ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    // Prevent overflow when either item has "near infinite" charges.
    if( charges >= INFINITE_CHARGES / 2 || rhs.charges >= INFINITE_CHARGES / 2 ) {
        charges = INFINITE_CHARGES;
        return true;
    }
    // We'll just hope that the item counter represents the same thing for both items
    if( item_counter > 0 || rhs.item_counter > 0 ) {
        item_counter = ( static_cast<double>( item_counter ) * charges + static_cast<double>
                         ( rhs.item_counter ) * rhs.charges ) / ( charges + rhs.charges );
    }
    charges += rhs.charges;
    return true;
}

void item::put_in( const item &payload )
{
    contents.push_back( payload );
}

void item::set_var( const std::string &name, const int value )
{
    std::ostringstream tmpstream;
    tmpstream.imbue( std::locale::classic() );
    tmpstream << value;
    item_vars[name] = tmpstream.str();
}

void item::set_var( const std::string &name, const long long value )
{
    std::ostringstream tmpstream;
    tmpstream.imbue( std::locale::classic() );
    tmpstream << value;
    item_vars[name] = tmpstream.str();
}

// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cata-no-long)
void item::set_var( const std::string &name, const long value )
{
    std::ostringstream tmpstream;
    tmpstream.imbue( std::locale::classic() );
    tmpstream << value;
    item_vars[name] = tmpstream.str();
}

void item::set_var( const std::string &name, const double value )
{
    item_vars[name] = string_format( "%f", value );
}

double item::get_var( const std::string &name, const double default_value ) const
{
    const auto it = item_vars.find( name );
    if( it == item_vars.end() ) {
        return default_value;
    }
    return atof( it->second.c_str() );
}

void item::set_var( const std::string &name, const tripoint &value )
{
    item_vars[name] = string_format( "%d,%d,%d", value.x, value.y, value.z );
}

tripoint item::get_var( const std::string &name, const tripoint &default_value ) const
{
    const auto it = item_vars.find( name );
    if( it == item_vars.end() ) {
        return default_value;
    }
    std::vector<std::string> values = string_split( it->second, ',' );
    return tripoint( atoi( values[0].c_str() ),
                     atoi( values[1].c_str() ),
                     atoi( values[2].c_str() ) );
}

void item::set_var( const std::string &name, const std::string &value )
{
    item_vars[name] = value;
}

std::string item::get_var( const std::string &name, const std::string &default_value ) const
{
    const auto it = item_vars.find( name );
    if( it == item_vars.end() ) {
        return default_value;
    }
    return it->second;
}

std::string item::get_var( const std::string &name ) const
{
    return get_var( name, "" );
}

bool item::has_var( const std::string &name ) const
{
    return item_vars.count( name ) > 0;
}

void item::erase_var( const std::string &name )
{
    item_vars.erase( name );
}

void item::clear_vars()
{
    item_vars.clear();
}

// TODO: Get rid of, handle multiple types gracefully
static int get_ranged_pierce( const common_ranged_data &ranged )
{
    if( ranged.damage.empty() ) {
        if( ranged.legacy_pierce ) {
            return ranged.legacy_pierce;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return ranged.damage.damage_units.front().res_pen;
}

std::string item::info( bool showtext ) const
{
    std::vector<iteminfo> dummy;
    return info( showtext, dummy );
}

std::string item::info( bool showtext, std::vector<iteminfo> &iteminfo ) const
{
    return info( showtext, iteminfo, 1 );
}

std::string item::info( bool showtext, std::vector<iteminfo> &iteminfo, int batch ) const
{
    return info( iteminfo, showtext ? &iteminfo_query::all : &iteminfo_query::notext, batch );
}

// Generates a long-form description of the freshness of the given rottable food item.
// NB: Doesn't check for non-rottable!
static std::string get_freshness_description( const item &food_item )
{
    // So, skilled characters looking at food that is neither super-fresh nor about to rot
    // can guess its age as one of {quite fresh,midlife,past midlife,old soon}, and also
    // guess about how long until it spoils.
    const double rot_progress = food_item.get_relative_rot();
    const time_duration shelf_life = food_item.get_shelf_life();
    time_duration time_left = shelf_life - ( shelf_life * rot_progress );

    // Correct for an estimate that exceeds shelf life -- this happens especially with
    // fresh items.
    if( time_left > shelf_life ) {
        time_left = shelf_life;
    }

    if( food_item.is_fresh() ) {
        // Fresh food is assumed to be obviously so regardless of skill.
        if( g->u.can_estimate_rot() ) {
            return string_format( _( "* This food looks as <good>fresh</good> as it can be.  "
                                     "It still has <info>%s</info> until it spoils." ),
                                  to_string_approx( time_left ) );
        } else {
            return _( "* This food looks as <good>fresh</good> as it can be." );
        }
    } else if( food_item.is_going_bad() ) {
        // Old food likewise is assumed to be fairly obvious.
        if( g->u.can_estimate_rot() ) {
            return string_format( _( "* This food looks <bad>old</bad>.  "
                                     "It's just <info>%s</info> from becoming inedible." ),
                                  to_string_approx( time_left ) );
        } else {
            return _( "* This food looks <bad>old</bad>.  "
                      "It's on the brink of becoming inedible." );
        }
    }

    if( !g->u.can_estimate_rot() ) {
        // Unskilled characters only get a hint that more information exists...
        return _( "* This food looks <info>fine</info>.  If you were more skilled in "
                  "cooking or survival, you might be able to make a better estimation." );
    }

    // Otherwise, a skilled character can determine the below options:
    if( rot_progress < 0.3 ) {
        //~ here, %s is an approximate time span, e.g., "over 2 weeks" or "about 1 season"
        return string_format( _( "* This food looks <good>quite fresh</good>.  "
                                 "It has <info>%s</info> until it spoils." ),
                              to_string_approx( time_left ) );
    } else if( rot_progress < 0.5 ) {
        //~ here, %s is an approximate time span, e.g., "over 2 weeks" or "about 1 season"
        return string_format( _( "* This food looks like it is reaching its <neutral>midlife</neutral>.  "
                                 "There's <info>%s</info> before it spoils." ),
                              to_string_approx( time_left ) );
    } else if( rot_progress < 0.7 ) {
        //~ here, %s is an approximate time span, e.g., "over 2 weeks" or "about 1 season"
        return string_format( _( "* This food looks like it has <neutral>passed its midlife</neutral>.  "
                                 "Edible, but will go bad in <info>%s</info>." ),
                              to_string_approx( time_left ) );
    } else {
        //~ here, %s is an approximate time span, e.g., "over 2 weeks" or "about 1 season"
        return string_format( _( "* This food looks like it <bad>will be old soon</bad>.  "
                                 "It has <info>%s</info>, so if you plan to use it, it's now or never." ),
                              to_string_approx( time_left ) );
    }
}

item::sizing item::get_sizing( const Character &p, bool wearable ) const
{
    if( wearable ) {
        const bool small = p.has_trait( trait_small2 ) ||
                           p.has_trait( trait_small_ok );

        const bool big = p.has_trait( trait_huge ) ||
                         p.has_trait( trait_huge_ok );

        // due to the iterative nature of these features, something can fit and be undersized/oversized
        // but that is fine because we have separate logic to adjust encumberance per each. One day we
        // may want to have fit be a flag that only applies if a piece of clothing is sized for you as there
        // is a bit of cognitive dissonance when something 'fits' and is 'oversized' and the same time
        const bool undersize = has_flag( "UNDERSIZE" );
        const bool oversize = has_flag( "OVERSIZE" );

        if( undersize ) {
            if( small ) {
                return sizing::small_sized_small_char;
            } else if( big ) {
                return sizing::small_sized_big_char;
            } else {
                return sizing::small_sized_human_char;
            }
        } else if( oversize ) {
            if( big ) {
                return sizing::big_sized_big_char;
            } else if( small ) {
                return sizing::big_sized_small_char;
            } else {
                return sizing::big_sized_human_char;
            }
        } else {
            if( big ) {
                return sizing::human_sized_big_char;
            } else if( small ) {
                return sizing::human_sized_small_char;
            } else {
                return sizing::human_sized_human_char;
            }
        }
    }
    return sizing::not_wearable;

}

static int get_base_env_resist( const item &it )
{
    const islot_armor *t = it.find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return 0;
    }

    return t->env_resist * it.get_relative_health();

}

std::string item::info( std::vector<iteminfo> &info, const iteminfo_query *parts, int batch ) const
{
    std::stringstream temp1;
    std::stringstream temp2;
    std::string space = "  ";
    const bool debug = g != nullptr && debug_mode;
    avatar &u = g->u; // TODO: make a const reference

    if( parts == nullptr ) {
        parts = &iteminfo_query::all;
    }

    info.clear();

    auto insert_separation_line = [&]() {
        if( info.empty() || info.back().sName != "--" ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", "--" ) );
        }
    };

    int encumbrance = get_encumber( g->u );
    const sizing sizing_level = get_sizing( g->u, encumbrance != 0 );

    if( !is_null() ) {
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_CATEGORY ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Category: " ),
                                      "<header>" + get_category().name() + "</header>",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline ) );
        }
        const int price_preapoc = price( false ) * batch;
        const int price_postapoc = price( true ) * batch;
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_PRICE ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", space + _( "Price: " ), _( "$<num>" ),
                                      iteminfo::is_decimal | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                      static_cast<double>( price_preapoc ) / 100 ) );
        }
        if( price_preapoc != price_postapoc && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_BARTER ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Barter value: " ), _( "$<num>" ),
                                      iteminfo::is_decimal | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                      static_cast<double>( price_postapoc ) / 100 ) );
        }

        int converted_volume_scale = 0;
        const double converted_volume = round_up( convert_volume( volume().value(),
                                        &converted_volume_scale ) * batch, 2 );
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_VOLUME ) ) {
            iteminfo::flags f = iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::no_newline;
            if( converted_volume_scale != 0 ) {
                f |= iteminfo::is_decimal;
            }
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "<bold>Volume</bold>: " ),
                                      string_format( "<num> %s", volume_units_abbr() ),
                                      f, converted_volume ) );
        }
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_WEIGHT ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", space + _( "Weight: " ),
                                      string_format( "<num> %s", weight_units() ),
                                      iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::is_decimal,
                                      convert_weight( weight() ) * batch ) );
        }

        if( !type->rigid && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_RIGIDITY ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "BASE", _( "<bold>Rigid</bold>: " ), _( "No (contents increase volume)" ) );
        }

        int dmg_bash = damage_melee( DT_BASH );
        int dmg_cut  = damage_melee( DT_CUT );
        int dmg_stab = damage_melee( DT_STAB );
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_DAMAGE ) ) {
            std::string sep;
            if( dmg_bash ) {
                info.emplace_back( "BASE", _( "Bash: " ), "", iteminfo::no_newline, dmg_bash );
                sep = space;
            }
            if( dmg_cut ) {
                info.emplace_back( "BASE", sep + _( "Cut: " ),
                                   "", iteminfo::no_newline, dmg_cut );
                sep = space;
            }
            if( dmg_stab ) {
                info.emplace_back( "BASE", sep + _( "Pierce: " ),
                                   "", iteminfo::no_newline, dmg_stab );
            }
        }

        if( dmg_bash || dmg_cut || dmg_stab ) {
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_TOHIT ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", space + _( "To-hit bonus: " ), "",
                                          iteminfo::show_plus, type->m_to_hit ) );
            }

            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_MOVES ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Moves per attack: " ),
                                          "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          attack_time() ) );
            }
        }

        insert_separation_line();

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_REQUIREMENTS ) ) {
            // Display any minimal stat or skill requirements for the item
            std::vector<std::string> req;
            if( get_min_str() > 0 ) {
                req.push_back( string_format( "%s %d", _( "strength" ), get_min_str() ) );
            }
            if( type->min_dex > 0 ) {
                req.push_back( string_format( "%s %d", _( "dexterity" ), type->min_dex ) );
            }
            if( type->min_int > 0 ) {
                req.push_back( string_format( "%s %d", _( "intelligence" ), type->min_int ) );
            }
            if( type->min_per > 0 ) {
                req.push_back( string_format( "%s %d", _( "perception" ), type->min_per ) );
            }
            for( const std::pair<skill_id, int> &sk : type->min_skills ) {
                req.push_back( string_format( "%s %d", skill_id( sk.first )->name(), sk.second ) );
            }
            if( !req.empty() ) {
                info.emplace_back( "BASE", _( "<bold>Minimum requirements:</bold>" ) );
                info.emplace_back( "BASE", enumerate_as_string( req ) );
                insert_separation_line();
            }
        }

        const std::vector<const material_type *> mat_types = made_of_types();
        if( !mat_types.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_MATERIAL ) ) {
            const std::string material_list = enumerate_as_string( mat_types.begin(), mat_types.end(),
            []( const material_type * material ) {
                return string_format( "<stat>%s</stat>", _( material->name() ) );
            }, enumeration_conjunction::none );
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", string_format( _( "Material: %s" ), material_list ) ) );
        }
        if( has_owner() ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", string_format( _( "Owner: %s" ), _( get_owner()->name ) ) ) );
        }
        if( has_var( "contained_name" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_CONTENTS ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", string_format( _( "Contains: %s" ),
                                      get_var( "contained_name" ) ) ) );
        }
        if( count_by_charges() && !is_food() && !is_medication() &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_AMOUNT ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Amount: " ), "<num>", iteminfo::no_flags,
                                      charges * batch ) );
        }
        if( debug && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BASE_DEBUG ) ) {
            if( g != nullptr ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "age (hours): " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          to_hours<int>( age() ) ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "charges: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          charges ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "damage: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          damage_ ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "active: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          active ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "burn: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          burnt ) );
                std::ostringstream stream;
                std::copy( item_tags.begin(), item_tags.end(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>( stream, "," ) );
                std::string tags_listed = stream.str();
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", string_format( _( "tags: %s" ), tags_listed ) ) );
                for( auto const &imap : item_vars ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", string_format( _( "item var: %s, %s" ), imap.first,
                                              imap.second ) ) );
                }

                const item *food = is_food_container() ? &contents.front() : this;
                if( food->goes_bad() ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "age (turns): " ),
                                              "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              to_turns<int>( food->age() ) ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "rot (turns): " ),
                                              "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              to_turns<int>( food->rot ) ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", space + _( "max rot (turns): " ),
                                              "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              to_turns<int>( food->get_shelf_life() ) ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "last rot: " ),
                                              "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              to_turn<int>( food->last_rot_check ) ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "last temp: " ),
                                              "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              to_turn<int>( food->last_temp_check ) ) );
                }
                if( food->has_temperature() ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Temp: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              food->temperature ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Spec ener: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              food->specific_energy ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Spec heat lq: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              1000 * food->get_specific_heat_liquid() ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Spec heat sld: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              1000 * food->get_specific_heat_solid() ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "latent heat: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              food->get_latent_heat() ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "Freeze point: " ), "", iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                              food->get_freeze_point() ) );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    const item *med_item = nullptr;
    if( is_medication() ) {
        med_item = this;
    } else if( is_med_container() ) {
        med_item = &contents.front();
    }
    if( med_item != nullptr ) {
        const cata::optional<islot_comestible> &med_com = med_item->get_comestible();
        if( med_com->quench != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::MED_QUENCH ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "MED", _( "Quench: " ), med_com->quench ) );
        }

        if( med_com->fun != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::MED_JOY ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "MED", _( "Enjoyability: " ),
                                      g->u.fun_for( *med_item ).first ) );
        }

        if( med_com->stim != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::MED_STIMULATION ) ) {
            std::string name = string_format( "%s <stat>%s</stat>", _( "Stimulation:" ),
                                              med_com->stim > 0 ? _( "Upper" ) : _( "Downer" ) );
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "MED", name ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::MED_PORTIONS ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "MED", _( "Portions: " ),
                                      abs( static_cast<int>( med_item->charges ) * batch ) ) );
        }

        if( med_com->addict && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MED_ADDICTING ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "* Consuming this item is <bad>addicting</bad>." ) );
        }
    }

    const item *food_item = nullptr;
    if( is_food() ) {
        food_item = this;
    } else if( is_food_container() ) {
        food_item = &contents.front();
    }
    if( food_item != nullptr ) {
        if( g->u.kcal_for( *food_item ) != 0 || food_item->get_comestible()->quench != 0 ) {
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_NUTRITION ) ) {
                const int value = g->u.kcal_for( *food_item );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "FOOD", _( "<bold>Calories (kcal)</bold>: " ),
                                          "", iteminfo::no_newline, value ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_QUENCH ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "FOOD", space + _( "Quench: " ),
                                          food_item->get_comestible()->quench ) );
            }
        }

        if( food_item->get_comestible()->fun != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_JOY ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "FOOD", _( "Enjoyability: " ),
                                      g->u.fun_for( *food_item ).first ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_PORTIONS ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "FOOD", _( "Portions: " ),
                                      abs( static_cast<int>( food_item->charges ) * batch ) ) );
        }
        if( food_item->corpse != nullptr && ( debug || ( g != nullptr &&
                                              ( g->u.has_bionic( bionic_id( "bio_scent_vision" ) ) || g->u.has_trait( trait_id( "CARNIVORE" ) ) ||
                                                g->u.has_artifact_with( AEP_SUPER_CLAIRVOYANCE ) ) ) )
            && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_SMELL ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "FOOD", _( "Smells like: " ) + food_item->corpse->nname() ) );
        }

        const std::map<vitamin_id, int> vits = g->u.vitamins_from( *food_item );
        const std::string required_vits = enumerate_as_string( vits.begin(),
        vits.end(), []( const std::pair<vitamin_id, int> &v ) {
            return ( g->u.vitamin_rate( v.first ) > 0_turns &&
                     v.second != 0 ) // only display vitamins that we actually require
                   ? string_format( "%s (%i%%)", v.first.obj().name(),
                                    static_cast<int>( v.second * g->u.vitamin_rate( v.first ) / 1_days * 100 ) )
                   : std::string();
        } );
        if( !required_vits.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_VITAMINS ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "FOOD", _( "Vitamins (RDA): " ), required_vits );
        }

        if( u.allergy_type( *food_item ) != morale_type( "morale_null" ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                               _( "* This food will cause an <bad>allergic reaction</bad>." ) );
        }

        if( food_item->has_flag( "CANNIBALISM" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_CANNIBALISM ) ) {
            if( !g->u.has_trait_flag( "CANNIBAL" ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "* This food contains <bad>human flesh</bad>." ) );
            } else {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "* This food contains <good>human flesh</good>." ) );
            }
        }

        if( food_item->is_tainted() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_CANNIBALISM ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "* This food is <bad>tainted</bad> and will poison you." ) );
        }

        ///\EFFECT_SURVIVAL >=3 allows detection of poisonous food
        if( food_item->has_flag( "HIDDEN_POISON" ) && g->u.get_skill_level( skill_survival ) >= 3 &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_POISON ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                               _( "* On closer inspection, this appears to be <bad>poisonous</bad>." ) );
        }

        ///\EFFECT_SURVIVAL >=5 allows detection of hallucinogenic food
        if( food_item->has_flag( "HIDDEN_HALLU" ) && g->u.get_skill_level( skill_survival ) >= 5 &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_HALLUCINOGENIC ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                               _( "* On closer inspection, this appears to be <neutral>hallucinogenic</neutral>." ) );
        }

        if( food_item->goes_bad() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::FOOD_ROT ) ) {
            const std::string rot_time = to_string_clipped( food_item->get_shelf_life() );
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                               string_format(
                                   _( "* This food is <neutral>perishable</neutral>, and at room temperature has an estimated nominal shelf life of <info>%s</info>." ),
                                   rot_time.c_str() ) );

            if( !food_item->rotten() ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", get_freshness_description( *food_item ) );
            }

            if( food_item->has_flag( "FREEZERBURN" ) && !food_item->rotten() &&
                !food_item->has_flag( "MUSHY" ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* Quality of this food suffers when it's frozen, and it <neutral>will become mushy after thawing out</neutral>." ) );
            }
            if( food_item->has_flag( "MUSHY" ) && !food_item->rotten() ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* It was frozen once and after thawing became <bad>mushy and tasteless</bad>.  It will rot if thawed again." ) );
            }
            if( food_item->has_flag( "NO_PARASITES" ) && g->u.get_skill_level( skill_cooking ) >= 3 ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* It seems that deep freezing <good>killed all parasites</good>." ) );
            }
            if( food_item->rotten() ) {
                if( g->u.has_bionic( bionic_id( "bio_digestion" ) ) ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "This food has started to <neutral>rot</neutral>, but <info>your bionic digestion can tolerate it</info>." ) ) );
                } else if( g->u.has_trait( trait_id( "SAPROVORE" ) ) ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "This food has started to <neutral>rot</neutral>, but <info>you can tolerate it</info>." ) ) );
                } else {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "This food has started to <bad>rot</bad>.  <info>Eating</info> it would be a <bad>very bad idea</bad>." ) ) );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if( is_magazine() && !has_flag( "NO_RELOAD" ) ) {

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::MAGAZINE_CAPACITY ) ) {
            for( const ammotype &at : ammo_types() ) {
                const std::string fmt = string_format(
                                            ngettext( "<num> round of %s", "<num> rounds of %s", ammo_capacity() ),
                                            at->name() );
                info.emplace_back( "MAGAZINE", _( "Capacity: " ), fmt, iteminfo::no_flags,
                                   ammo_capacity() );
            }
        }
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::MAGAZINE_RELOAD ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "MAGAZINE", _( "Reload time: " ), _( "<num> moves per round" ),
                               iteminfo::lower_is_better, type->magazine->reload_time );
        }
        insert_separation_line();
    }

    if( !is_gun() ) {
        if( ammo_data() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_REMAINING_OR_TYPES ) ) {
            if( ammo_remaining() > 0 ) {
                info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "Ammunition: " ), ammo_data()->nname( ammo_remaining() ) );
            } else if( is_ammo() ) {
                info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "Type: " ), ammo_type()->name() );
            }

            const islot_ammo &ammo = *ammo_data()->ammo;
            if( !ammo.damage.empty() || ammo.prop_damage || ammo.force_stat_display ) {
                if( !ammo.damage.empty() ) {
                    if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_DAMAGE_VALUE ) ) {
                        info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "<bold>Damage</bold>: " ), "",
                                           iteminfo::no_newline, ammo.damage.total_damage() );
                    }
                } else if( ammo.prop_damage ) {
                    if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_DAMAGE_PROPORTIONAL ) ) {
                        info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "<bold>Damage multiplier</bold>: " ), "",
                                           iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::is_decimal,
                                           *ammo.prop_damage );
                    }
                } else {
                    info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "<bold>Damage multiplier</bold>: " ), "",
                                       iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::is_decimal, 1.0 );
                }
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_DAMAGE_AP ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "AMMO", space + _( "Armor-pierce: " ),
                                       get_ranged_pierce( ammo ) );
                }
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_DAMAGE_RANGE ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "Range: " ), "",
                                       iteminfo::no_newline, ammo.range );
                }
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_DAMAGE_DISPERSION ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "AMMO", space + _( "Dispersion: " ), "",
                                       iteminfo::lower_is_better, ammo.dispersion );
                }
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_DAMAGE_RECOIL ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "Recoil: " ), "",
                                       iteminfo::lower_is_better, ammo.recoil );
                }
            }

            std::vector<std::string> fx;
            if( ammo.ammo_effects.count( "RECYCLED" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_FX_RECYCLED ) ) {
                fx.emplace_back( _( "This ammo has been <bad>hand-loaded</bad>." ) );
            }
            if( ammo.ammo_effects.count( "BLACKPOWDER" ) &&
                parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_FX_BLACKPOWDER ) ) {
                fx.emplace_back(
                    _( "This ammo has been loaded with <bad>blackpowder</bad>, and will quickly "
                       "clog up most guns, and cause rust if the gun is not cleaned." ) );
            }
            if( ammo.ammo_effects.count( "NEVER_MISFIRES" ) &&
                parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_FX_CANTMISSFIRE ) ) {
                fx.emplace_back( _( "This ammo <good>never misfires</good>." ) );
            }
            if( ammo.ammo_effects.count( "INCENDIARY" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_FX_INDENDIARY ) ) {
                fx.emplace_back( _( "This ammo <neutral>starts fires</neutral>." ) );
            }
            if( !fx.empty() ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                for( const std::string &e : fx ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "AMMO", e );
                }
            }
        }

    } else {
        const item *mod = this;
        const gun_mode aux = gun_current_mode();
        // if we have an active auxiliary gunmod display stats for this instead
        if( aux && aux->is_gunmod() && aux->is_gun() &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_AUX_GUNMOD_HEADER ) ) {
            mod = &*aux;
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                               string_format( _( "Stats of the active <info>gunmod (%s)</info> are shown." ),
                                              mod->tname() ) );
        }

        // many statistics are dependent upon loaded ammo
        // if item is unloaded (or is RELOAD_AND_SHOOT) shows approximate stats using default ammo
        item *aprox = nullptr;
        item tmp;
        if( mod->ammo_required() && !mod->ammo_remaining() ) {
            tmp.ammo_set( mod->magazine_current() ? tmp.common_ammo_default() : tmp.ammo_default() );
            tmp = *mod;
            aprox = &tmp;
        }

        const islot_gun &gun = *mod->type->gun;
        const itype *curammo = mod->ammo_data();

        bool has_ammo = curammo && mod->ammo_remaining();

        // TODO: This doesn't cover multiple damage types
        int ammo_pierce     = has_ammo ? get_ranged_pierce( *curammo->ammo ) : 0;
        int ammo_dispersion = has_ammo ? curammo->ammo->dispersion : 0;

        const Skill &skill = *mod->gun_skill();

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_USEDSKILL ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", _( "Skill used: " ),
                                      "<info>" + skill.name() + "</info>" ) );
        }

        if( mod->magazine_integral() || mod->magazine_current() ) {
            if( mod->magazine_current() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_MAGAZINE ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Magazine: " ),
                                   string_format( "<stat>%s</stat>",
                                                  mod->magazine_current()->tname() ) );
            }
            if( mod->ammo_capacity() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_CAPACITY ) ) {
                for( const ammotype &at : mod->ammo_types() ) {
                    const std::string fmt = string_format( ngettext( "<num> round of %s", "<num> rounds of %s",
                                                           mod->ammo_capacity() ), at->name() );
                    info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "<bold>Capacity:</bold> " ), fmt, iteminfo::no_flags,
                                       mod->ammo_capacity() );
                }
            }
        } else if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_TYPE ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Type: " ), enumerate_as_string( mod->ammo_types().begin(),
            mod->ammo_types().end(), []( const ammotype & at ) {
                return at->name();
            }, enumeration_conjunction::none ) );
        }

        if( mod->ammo_data() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_REMAINING ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "AMMO", _( "Ammunition: " ), string_format( "<stat>%s</stat>",
                               mod->ammo_data()->nname( mod->ammo_remaining() ) ) );
        }

        if( mod->get_gun_ups_drain() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::AMMO_UPSCOST ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "AMMO", string_format( ngettext( "Uses <stat>%i</stat> charge of UPS per shot",
                               "Uses <stat>%i</stat> charges of UPS per shot", mod->get_gun_ups_drain() ),
                               mod->get_gun_ups_drain() ) );
        }

        insert_separation_line();

        int max_gun_range = mod->gun_range( &g->u );
        if( max_gun_range > 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_MAX_RANGE ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Maximum range: " ), "<num>", iteminfo::no_flags,
                               max_gun_range );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_AIMING_STATS ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Base aim speed: " ), "<num>", iteminfo::no_flags,
                               g->u.aim_per_move( *mod, MAX_RECOIL ) );
            for( const aim_type &type : g->u.get_aim_types( *mod ) ) {
                // Nameless aim levels don't get an entry.
                if( type.name.empty() ) {
                    continue;
                }
                info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( type.name ) );
                int max_dispersion = g->u.get_weapon_dispersion( *mod ).max();
                int range = range_with_even_chance_of_good_hit( max_dispersion + type.threshold );
                info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Even chance of good hit at range: " ),
                                   _( "<num>" ), iteminfo::no_flags, range );
                int aim_mv = g->u.gun_engagement_moves( *mod, type.threshold );
                info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Time to reach aim level: " ), _( "<num> moves " ),
                                   iteminfo::is_decimal | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                   aim_mv );
            }
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DAMAGE ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", _( "Damage: " ), "", iteminfo::no_newline,
                                      mod->gun_damage( false ).total_damage() ) );
        }

        if( has_ammo ) {
            // ammo_damage, sum_of_damage, and ammo_mult not shown so don't need to translate.
            if( mod->ammo_data()->ammo->prop_damage ) {
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DAMAGE_AMMOPROP ) ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "ammo_mult", "*",
                                              iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::no_name,
                                              *mod->ammo_data()->ammo->prop_damage ) );
                }
            } else {
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DAMAGE_LOADEDAMMO ) ) {
                    damage_instance ammo_dam = has_ammo ? curammo->ammo->damage : damage_instance();
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "ammo_damage", "",
                                              iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::no_name |
                                              iteminfo::show_plus,
                                              ammo_dam.total_damage() ) );
                }
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DAMAGE_TOTAL ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "sum_of_damage", _( " = <num>" ),
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::no_name,
                                          mod->gun_damage( true ).total_damage() ) );
            }
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_ARMORPIERCE ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", space + _( "Armor-pierce: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline, get_ranged_pierce( gun ) ) );
        }
        if( has_ammo ) {
            // ammo_armor_pierce and sum_of_armor_pierce don't need to translate.
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_ARMORPIERCE_LOADEDAMMO ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "ammo_armor_pierce", "",
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::no_name |
                                          iteminfo::show_plus, ammo_pierce ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_ARMORPIERCE_TOTAL ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "sum_of_armor_pierce", _( " = <num>" ),
                                          iteminfo::no_name,
                                          get_ranged_pierce( gun ) + ammo_pierce ) );
            }
        }
        info.back().bNewLine = true;

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DISPERSION ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", _( "Dispersion: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                      mod->gun_dispersion( false, false ) ) );
        }
        if( has_ammo ) {
            // ammo_dispersion and sum_of_dispersion don't need to translate.
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DISPERSION_LOADEDAMMO ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "ammo_dispersion", "",
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better |
                                          iteminfo::no_name | iteminfo::show_plus,
                                          ammo_dispersion ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DISPERSION_TOTAL ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "sum_of_dispersion", _( " = <num>" ),
                                          iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::no_name,
                                          mod->gun_dispersion( true, false ) ) );
            }
        }
        info.back().bNewLine = true;

        // if effective sight dispersion differs from actual sight dispersion display both
        int act_disp = mod->sight_dispersion();
        int eff_disp = g->u.effective_dispersion( act_disp );
        int adj_disp = eff_disp - act_disp;

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_DISPERSION_SIGHT ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", _( "Sight dispersion: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                      act_disp ) );

            if( adj_disp ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "sight_adj_disp", "",
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better |
                                          iteminfo::no_name | iteminfo::show_plus,
                                          adj_disp ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUN", "sight_eff_disp", _( " = <num>" ),
                                          iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::no_name,
                                          eff_disp ) );
            }
        }

        bool bipod = mod->has_flag( "BIPOD" );
        if( aprox ) {
            if( aprox->gun_recoil( g->u ) ) {
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_RECOIL ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Approximate recoil: " ), "",
                                       iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                       aprox->gun_recoil( g->u ) );
                }
                if( bipod && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_RECOIL_BIPOD ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "GUN", "bipod_recoil", _( " (with bipod <num>)" ),
                                       iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::no_name,
                                       aprox->gun_recoil( g->u, true ) );
                }
            }
        } else {
            if( mod->gun_recoil( g->u ) ) {
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_RECOIL ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Effective recoil: " ), "",
                                       iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                       mod->gun_recoil( g->u ) );
                }
                if( bipod && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_RECOIL_BIPOD ) ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "GUN", "bipod_recoil", _( " (with bipod <num>)" ),
                                       iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::no_name,
                                       mod->gun_recoil( g->u, true ) );
                }
            }
        }
        info.back().bNewLine = true;

        std::map<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> fire_modes = mod->gun_all_modes();
        if( std::any_of( fire_modes.begin(), fire_modes.end(),
        []( const std::pair<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> &e ) {
        return e.second.qty > 1 && !e.second.melee();
        } ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Recommended strength (burst): " ), "",
                               iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                               ceil( mod->type->weight / 333.0_gram ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_RELOAD_TIME ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "Reload time: " ),
                               has_flag( "RELOAD_ONE" ) ? _( "<num> moves per round" ) : _( "<num> moves " ),
                               iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                               mod->get_reload_time() );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_FIRE_MODES ) ) {
            std::vector<std::string> fm;
            for( const std::pair<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> &e : fire_modes ) {
                if( e.second.target == this && !e.second.melee() ) {
                    fm.emplace_back( string_format( "%s (%i)", e.second.tname(), e.second.qty ) );
                }
            }
            if( !fm.empty() ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                info.emplace_back( "GUN", _( "<bold>Fire modes:</bold> " ) + enumerate_as_string( fm ) );
            }
        }

        if( !magazine_integral() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUN_ALLOWED_MAGAZINES ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            const std::set<std::string> compat = magazine_compatible();
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Compatible magazines:</bold> " ) +
            enumerate_as_string( compat.begin(), compat.end(), []( const itype_id & id ) {
                return item::nname( id );
            } ) );
        }

        if( !gun.valid_mod_locations.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUN_MODS ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();

            temp1.str( "" );
            temp1 << _( "<bold>Mods:</bold> " );

            std::map<gunmod_location, int> mod_locations = get_mod_locations();

            int iternum = 0;
            for( std::pair<const gunmod_location, int> &elem : mod_locations ) {
                if( iternum != 0 ) {
                    temp1 << "; ";
                }
                const int free_slots = ( elem ).second - get_free_mod_locations( ( elem ).first );
                temp1 << "<bold>" << free_slots << "/" << ( elem ).second << "</bold> " << elem.first.name();
                bool first_mods = true;
                for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
                    if( mod->type->gunmod->location == ( elem ).first ) { // if mod for this location
                        if( first_mods ) {
                            temp1 << ": ";
                            first_mods = false;
                        } else {
                            temp1 << ", ";
                        }
                        temp1 << "<stat>" << mod->tname() << "</stat>";
                    }
                }
                iternum++;
            }
            temp1 << ".";
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", temp1.str() ) );
        }

        if( mod->casings_count() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUN_CASINGS ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            std::string tmp = ngettext( "Contains <stat>%i</stat> casing",
                                        "Contains <stat>%i</stat> casings", mod->casings_count() );
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( tmp, mod->casings_count() ) );
        }

    }
    if( is_gunmod() ) {
        const islot_gunmod &mod = *type->gunmod;

        if( is_gun() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUNMOD ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "This mod <info>must be attached to a gun</info>, it can not be fired separately." ) ) );
        }
        if( has_flag( "REACH_ATTACK" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUNMOD_REACH ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "When attached to a gun, <good>allows</good> making <info>reach melee attacks</info> with it." ) ) );
        }
        if( mod.dispersion != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_DISPERSION ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", _( "Dispersion modifier: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::lower_is_better | iteminfo::show_plus,
                                      mod.dispersion ) );
        }
        if( mod.sight_dispersion != -1 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_DISPERSION_SIGHT ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", _( "Sight dispersion: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::lower_is_better, mod.sight_dispersion ) );
        }
        if( mod.aim_speed >= 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_AIMSPEED ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", _( "Aim speed: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::lower_is_better, mod.aim_speed ) );
        }
        int total_damage = static_cast<int>( mod.damage.total_damage() );
        if( total_damage != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_DAMAGE ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", _( "Damage: " ), "", iteminfo::show_plus,
                                      total_damage ) );
        }
        int pierce = get_ranged_pierce( mod );
        if( get_ranged_pierce( mod ) != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_ARMORPIERCE ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", _( "Armor-pierce: " ), "", iteminfo::show_plus,
                                      pierce ) );
        }
        if( mod.handling != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_HANDLING ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUNMOD", _( "Handling modifier: " ), "",
                               iteminfo::show_plus, mod.handling );
        }
        if( !type->mod->ammo_modifier.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_AMMO ) ) {
            for( const ammotype &at : type->mod->ammo_modifier ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", string_format( _( "Ammo: <stat>%s</stat>" ),
                                          at->name() ) ) );
            }
        }
        if( mod.reload_modifier != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_RELOAD ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "GUNMOD", _( "Reload modifier: " ), _( "<num>%" ),
                               iteminfo::lower_is_better, mod.reload_modifier );
        }
        if( mod.min_str_required_mod > 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_STRENGTH ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", _( "Minimum strength required modifier: " ),
                                      mod.min_str_required_mod ) );
        }
        if( !mod.add_mod.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_ADD_MOD ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();

            temp1.str( "" );
            temp1 << _( "<bold>Adds mod locations: </bold> " );

            std::map<gunmod_location, int> mod_locations = mod.add_mod;

            int iternum = 0;
            for( std::pair<const gunmod_location, int> &elem : mod_locations ) {
                if( iternum != 0 ) {
                    temp1 << "; ";
                }
                temp1 << "<bold>" << elem.second << "</bold> " << elem.first.name();
                iternum++;
            }
            temp1 << ".";
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", temp1.str() ) );
        }

        insert_separation_line();
        temp1.str( "" );
        temp1 << _( "Used on: " ) << enumerate_as_string( mod.usable.begin(),
        mod.usable.end(), []( const gun_type_type & used_on ) {
            return string_format( "<info>%s</info>", used_on.name() );
        } );

        temp2.str( "" );
        temp2 << _( "Location: " );
        temp2 << mod.location.name();

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_USEDON ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", temp1.str() ) );
        }
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_LOCATION ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", temp2.str() ) );
        }
        if( !mod.blacklist_mod.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::GUNMOD_BLACKLIST_MOD ) ) {
            temp1.str( "" );
            temp1 << _( "<bold>Incompatible with mod location: </bold> " );
            int iternum = 0;
            for( const gunmod_location &black : mod.blacklist_mod ) {
                if( iternum != 0 ) {
                    temp1 << ", ";
                }
                temp1 << black.name();
                iternum++;
            }
            temp1 << ".";
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "GUNMOD", temp1.str() ) );
        }

    }

    if( is_armor() ) {
        body_part_set covered_parts = get_covered_body_parts();
        bool covers_anything = covered_parts.any();

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_BODYPARTS ) ) {
            temp1.str( "" );
            temp1 << _( "Covers: " );
            if( covers( bp_head ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>head</info>. " );
            }
            if( covers( bp_eyes ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>eyes</info>. " );
            }
            if( covers( bp_mouth ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>mouth</info>. " );
            }
            if( covers( bp_torso ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>torso</info>. " );
            }

            if( is_sided() && ( covers( bp_arm_l ) || covers( bp_arm_r ) ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "Either <info>arm</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_arm_l ) && covers( bp_arm_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>arms</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_arm_l ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>left arm</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_arm_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>right arm</info>. " );
            }

            if( is_sided() && ( covers( bp_hand_l ) || covers( bp_hand_r ) ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "Either <info>hand</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_hand_l ) && covers( bp_hand_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>hands</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_hand_l ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>left hand</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_hand_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>right hand</info>. " );
            }

            if( is_sided() && ( covers( bp_leg_l ) || covers( bp_leg_r ) ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "Either <info>leg</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_leg_l ) && covers( bp_leg_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>legs</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_leg_l ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>left leg</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_leg_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>right leg</info>. " );
            }

            if( is_sided() && ( covers( bp_foot_l ) || covers( bp_foot_r ) ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "Either <info>foot</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_foot_l ) && covers( bp_foot_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>feet</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_foot_l ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>left foot</info>. " );
            } else if( covers( bp_foot_r ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "The <info>right foot</info>. " );
            }

            if( !covers_anything ) {
                temp1 << _( "<info>Nothing</info>." );
            }

            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", temp1.str() ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_LAYER ) && covers_anything ) {
            temp1.str( "" );
            temp1 << _( "Layer: " );
            if( has_flag( "PERSONAL" ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Personal aura</stat>. " );
            } else if( has_flag( "SKINTIGHT" ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Close to skin</stat>. " );
            } else if( has_flag( "BELTED" ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Strapped</stat>. " );
            } else if( has_flag( "OUTER" ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Outer</stat>. " );
            } else if( has_flag( "WAIST" ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Waist</stat>. " );
            } else if( has_flag( "AURA" ) ) {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Outer aura</stat>. " );
            } else {
                temp1 << _( "<stat>Normal</stat>. " );
            }

            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", temp1.str() ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_COVERAGE ) && covers_anything ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", _( "Coverage: " ), "<num>%",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline, get_coverage() ) );
        }
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_WARMTH ) && covers_anything ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Warmth: " ), get_warmth() ) );
        }

        insert_separation_line();

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_ENCUMBRANCE ) && covers_anything ) {
            std::string format;
            if( has_flag( "FIT" ) ) {
                format = _( "<num> <info>(fits)</info>" );
            } else if( has_flag( "VARSIZE" ) && encumbrance ) {
                format = _( "<num> <bad>(poor fit)</bad>" );
            }

            //If we have the wrong size, we do not fit so alert the player
            if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_small_char )  {
                format = _( "<num> <bad>(too big)</bad>" );
            } else if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_small_char ) {
                format = _( "<num> <bad>(huge!)</bad>" );
            } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_human_char ||
                       sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_big_char )  {
                format = _( "<num> <bad>(too small)</bad>" );
            } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_big_char )  {
                format = _( "<num> <bad>(tiny!)</bad>" );
            }

            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", _( "<bold>Encumbrance</bold>: " ), format,
                                      iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                      encumbrance ) );
            if( !type->rigid ) {
                const int encumbrance_when_full =
                    get_encumber_when_containing( g->u, get_total_capacity() );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Encumbrance when full: " ), "",
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::lower_is_better,
                                          encumbrance_when_full ) );
            }
        }

        int converted_storage_scale = 0;
        const double converted_storage = round_up( convert_volume( get_storage().value(),
                                         &converted_storage_scale ), 2 );
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_STORAGE ) && converted_storage > 0 ) {
            const iteminfo::flags f = converted_storage_scale == 0 ? iteminfo::no_flags : iteminfo::is_decimal;
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Storage: " ),
                                      string_format( "<num> %s", volume_units_abbr() ),
                                      f, converted_storage ) );
        }

        // Whatever the last entry was, we want a newline at this point
        info.back().bNewLine = true;

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::ARMOR_PROTECTION ) && covers_anything ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", _( "<bold>Protection</bold>: Bash: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline, bash_resist() ) );
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Cut: " ),
                                      cut_resist() ) );
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Acid: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline, acid_resist() ) );
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Fire: " ), "",
                                      iteminfo::no_newline, fire_resist() ) );
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Environmental: " ),
                                      get_base_env_resist( *this ) ) );
            if( type->can_use( "GASMASK" ) || type->can_use( "DIVE_TANK" ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR",
                                          _( "<bold>Protection when active</bold>: " ) ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Acid: " ), "",
                                          iteminfo::no_newline,
                                          acid_resist( false, get_base_env_resist_w_filter() ) ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Fire: " ), "",
                                          iteminfo::no_newline,
                                          fire_resist( false, get_base_env_resist_w_filter() ) ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", space + _( "Environmental: " ),
                                          get_env_resist( get_base_env_resist_w_filter() ) ) );
            }

            if( damage() > 0 ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR",
                                          _( "Protection values are <bad>reduced by "
                                             "damage</bad> and you may be able to "
                                             "<info>improve them by repairing this "
                                             "item</info>." ) ) );
            }
        }
        const units::mass weight_bonus = get_weight_capacity_bonus();
        const float weight_modif = get_weight_capacity_modifier();
        if( weight_modif != 1 ) {
            std::string modifier;
            if( weight_modif < 1 ) {
                modifier = "<num><bad>x</bad>";
            } else {
                modifier = "<num><color_light_green>x</color>";
            }
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR",
                                      _( "<bold>Weight capacity modifier</bold>: " ), modifier,
                                      iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::is_decimal, weight_modif ) );
        }
        if( weight_bonus != 0_gram ) {
            std::string bonus;
            if( weight_bonus < 0_gram ) {
                bonus = string_format( "<num> <bad>%s</bad>", weight_units() );
            } else {
                bonus = string_format( "<num> <color_light_green> %s</color>", weight_units() );
            }
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "ARMOR", _( "<bold>Weight capacity bonus</bold>: " ), bonus,
                                      iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::is_decimal, convert_weight( weight_bonus ) ) );
        }

    }
    if( is_book() ) {
        insert_separation_line();
        const islot_book &book = *type->book;
        // Some things about a book you CAN tell by it's cover.
        if( !book.skill && !type->can_use( "MA_MANUAL" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_SUMMARY ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", _( "Just for fun." ) ) );
        }
        if( type->can_use( "MA_MANUAL" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_SUMMARY ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK",
                                      _( "Some sort of <info>martial arts training manual</info>." ) ) );
            if( g->u.has_identified( typeId() ) ) {
                const matype_id style_to_learn = martial_art_learned_from( *type );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK",
                                          string_format( _( "You can learn <info>%s</info> style from it." ), style_to_learn->name ) ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK",
                                          string_format( _( "This fighting style is <info>%s</info> to learn." ),
                                                  martialart_difficulty( style_to_learn ) ) ) );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK",
                                          string_format( _( "It'd be easier to master if you'd have skill expertise in <info>%s</info>." ),
                                                  style_to_learn->primary_skill->name() ) ) );
            }
        }
        if( book.req == 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_REQUIREMENTS_BEGINNER ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", _( "It can be <info>understood by beginners</info>." ) ) );
        }
        if( g->u.has_identified( typeId() ) ) {
            if( book.skill ) {
                const SkillLevel &skill = g->u.get_skill_level_object( book.skill );
                if( skill.can_train() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_SKILLRANGE_MAX ) ) {
                    const std::string skill_name = book.skill->name();
                    std::string fmt = string_format( _( "Can bring your <info>%s skill to</info> <num>." ),
                                                     skill_name );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "", fmt, iteminfo::no_flags, book.level ) );
                    fmt = string_format( _( "Your current <stat>%s skill</stat> is <num>." ), skill_name );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "", fmt, iteminfo::no_flags, skill.level() ) );
                }

                if( book.req != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_SKILLRANGE_MIN ) ) {
                    const std::string fmt = string_format(
                                                _( "<info>Requires %s level</info> <num> to understand." ),
                                                book.skill.obj().name() );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "", fmt,
                                              iteminfo::lower_is_better, book.req ) );
                }
            }

            if( book.intel != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_REQUIREMENTS_INT ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "",
                                          _( "Requires <info>intelligence of</info> <num> to easily read." ),
                                          iteminfo::lower_is_better, book.intel ) );
            }
            if( g->u.book_fun_for( *this, g->u ) != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_MORALECHANGE ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "",
                                          _( "Reading this book affects your morale by <num>" ),
                                          iteminfo::show_plus, g->u.book_fun_for( *this, g->u ) ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_TIMEPERCHAPTER ) ) {
                std::string fmt = ngettext(
                                      "A chapter of this book takes <num> <info>minute to read</info>.",
                                      "A chapter of this book takes <num> <info>minutes to read</info>.",
                                      book.time );
                if( type->use_methods.count( "MA_MANUAL" ) ) {
                    fmt = ngettext(
                              "<info>A training session</info> with this book takes <num> <info>minute</info>.",
                              "<info>A training session</info> with this book takes <num> <info>minutes</info>.",
                              book.time );
                }
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "", fmt,
                                          iteminfo::lower_is_better, book.time ) );
            }

            if( book.chapters > 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_NUMUNREADCHAPTERS ) ) {
                const int unread = get_remaining_chapters( g->u );
                std::string fmt = ngettext( "This book has <num> <info>unread chapter</info>.",
                                            "This book has <num> <info>unread chapters</info>.",
                                            unread );
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BOOK", "", fmt, iteminfo::no_flags, unread ) );
            }

            std::vector<std::string> recipe_list;
            for( const islot_book::recipe_with_description_t &elem : book.recipes ) {
                const bool knows_it = g->u.knows_recipe( elem.recipe );
                const bool can_learn = g->u.get_skill_level( elem.recipe->skill_used )  >= elem.skill_level;
                // If the player knows it, they recognize it even if it's not clearly stated.
                if( elem.is_hidden() && !knows_it ) {
                    continue;
                }
                if( knows_it ) {
                    // In case the recipe is known, but has a different name in the book, use the
                    // real name to avoid confusing the player.
                    const std::string name = elem.recipe->result_name();
                    recipe_list.push_back( "<bold>" + name + "</bold>" );
                } else if( !can_learn ) {
                    recipe_list.push_back( "<color_brown>" + elem.name + "</color>" );
                } else {
                    recipe_list.push_back( "<dark>" + elem.name + "</dark>" );
                }
            }

            if( !recipe_list.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_BOOK_RECIPES ) ) {
                std::string recipe_line =
                    string_format( ngettext( "This book contains %1$d crafting recipe: %2$s",
                                             "This book contains %1$d crafting recipes: %2$s",
                                             recipe_list.size() ),
                                   recipe_list.size(), enumerate_as_string( recipe_list ) );

                insert_separation_line();
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", recipe_line ) );
            }

            if( recipe_list.size() != book.recipes.size() &&
                parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_BOOK_ADDITIONAL_RECIPES ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo(
                                    "DESCRIPTION",
                                    _( "It might help you figuring out some <good>more recipes</good>." ) ) );
            }

        } else {
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::BOOK_UNREAD ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo(
                                    "BOOK",
                                    _( "You need to <info>read this book to see its contents</info>." ) ) );
            }
        }

    }
    if( is_container() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::CONTAINER_DETAILS ) ) {
        insert_separation_line();
        const islot_container &c = *type->container;

        temp1.str( "" );
        temp1 << _( "This container " );

        if( c.seals ) {
            temp1 << _( "can be <info>resealed</info>, " );
        }
        if( c.watertight ) {
            temp1 << _( "is <info>watertight</info>, " );
        }
        if( c.preserves ) {
            temp1 << _( "<good>prevents spoiling</good>, " );
        }

        temp1 << string_format( _( "can store <info>%s %s</info>." ),
                                format_volume( c.contains ),
                                volume_units_long() );

        info.push_back( iteminfo( "CONTAINER", temp1.str() ) );
    }

    if( is_battery() ) {
        std::string info_string;
        if( type->battery->max_capacity < 1_J ) {
            info_string = string_format( _( "<bold>Capacity:</bold> %dmJ" ),
                                         to_millijoule( type->battery->max_capacity ) );
        } else if( type->battery->max_capacity < 1_kJ ) {
            info_string = string_format( _( "<bold>Capacity:</bold> %dJ" ),
                                         to_joule( type->battery->max_capacity ) );
        } else if( type->battery->max_capacity >= 1_kJ ) {
            info_string = string_format( _( "<bold>Capacity:</bold> %dkJ" ),
                                         to_kilojoule( type->battery->max_capacity ) );
        }
        insert_separation_line();
        info.emplace_back( "BATTERY", info_string );
    }

    if( is_tool() ) {
        insert_separation_line();
        if( ammo_capacity() != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::TOOL_CHARGES ) ) {
            info.emplace_back( "TOOL", string_format( _( "<bold>Charges</bold>: %d" ), ammo_remaining() ) );
        }

        if( !magazine_integral() ) {
            if( magazine_current() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::TOOL_MAGAZINE_CURRENT ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "TOOL", _( "Magazine: " ), string_format( "<stat>%s</stat>",
                                   magazine_current()->tname() ) );
            }

            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::TOOL_MAGAZINE_COMPATIBLE ) ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                const std::set<std::string> compat = magazine_compatible();
                info.emplace_back( "TOOL", _( "<bold>Compatible magazines:</bold> " ),
                enumerate_as_string( compat.begin(), compat.end(), []( const itype_id & id ) {
                    return item::nname( id );
                } ) );
            }
        } else if( ammo_capacity() != 0 && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::TOOL_CAPACITY ) ) {
            std::string tmp;
            bool bionic_tool = has_flag( "USES_BIONIC_POWER" );
            if( !ammo_types().empty() ) {
                //~ "%s" is ammunition type. This types can't be plural.
                tmp = ngettext( "Maximum <num> charge of %s.", "Maximum <num> charges of %s.", ammo_capacity() );
                tmp = string_format( tmp, enumerate_as_string( ammo_types().begin(),
                ammo_types().end(), []( const ammotype & at ) {
                    return at->name();
                }, enumeration_conjunction::none ) );

                // No need to display max charges, since charges are always equal to bionic power
            } else if( !bionic_tool ) {
                tmp = ngettext( "Maximum <num> charge.", "Maximum <num> charges.", ammo_capacity() );
            }
            if( !bionic_tool ) {
                info.emplace_back( "TOOL", "", tmp, iteminfo::no_flags, ammo_capacity() );
            }
        }
    }

    if( !components.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_COMPONENTS_MADEFROM ) ) {
        if( is_craft() ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( _( "Using: %s" ),
                                      _( components_to_string() ) ) ) );
        } else {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( _( "Made from: %s" ),
                                      _( components_to_string() ) ) ) );
        }
    } else {
        const recipe &dis = recipe_dictionary::get_uncraft( typeId() );
        const requirement_data &req = dis.disassembly_requirements();
        if( !req.is_empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_COMPONENTS_DISASSEMBLE ) ) {
            const requirement_data::alter_item_comp_vector &components = req.get_components();
            const std::string components_list = enumerate_as_string( components.begin(), components.end(),
            []( const std::vector<item_comp> &comps ) {
                return comps.front().to_string();
            } );

            insert_separation_line();
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      string_format( _( "Disassembling this item takes %s and might yield: %s." ),
                                              to_string_approx( time_duration::from_turns( dis.time / 100 ) ), components_list.c_str() ) ) );
        }
    }

    auto name_quality = [&info]( const std::pair<quality_id, int> &q ) {
        std::string str;
        if( q.first == quality_jack || q.first == quality_lift ) {
            str = string_format(
                      _( "Has level <info>%1$d %2$s</info> quality and is rated at <info>%3$d</info> %4$s" ),
                      q.second, q.first.obj().name,
                      static_cast<int>( convert_weight( q.second * TOOL_LIFT_FACTOR ) ),
                      weight_units() );
        } else {
            str = string_format( _( "Has level <info>%1$d %2$s</info> quality." ),
                                 q.second, q.first.obj().name );
        }
        info.emplace_back( "QUALITIES", "", str );
    };

    if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::QUALITIES ) ) {
        for( const std::pair<quality_id, int> &q : type->qualities ) {
            name_quality( q );
        }
    }

    if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::QUALITIES_CONTAINED ) &&
    std::any_of( contents.begin(), contents.end(), []( const item & e ) {
    return !e.type->qualities.empty();
    } ) ) {

        info.emplace_back( "QUALITIES", "", _( "Contains items with qualities:" ) );
        std::map<quality_id, int> most_quality;
        for( const item &e : contents ) {
            for( const std::pair<quality_id, int> &q : e.type->qualities ) {
                auto emplace_result = most_quality.emplace( q );
                if( !emplace_result.second && most_quality.at( emplace_result.first->first ) < q.second ) {
                    most_quality[ q.first ] = q.second;
                }
            }
        }
        for( const std::pair<quality_id, int> &q : most_quality ) {
            name_quality( q );
        }
    }

    if( !is_null() ) {
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            const std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator idescription =
                item_vars.find( "description" );
            if( !type->snippet_category.empty() ) {
                // Just use the dynamic description
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", SNIPPET.get( note ) ) );
            } else if( idescription != item_vars.end() ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", idescription->second ) );
            } else {
                if( has_flag( "MAGIC_FOCUS" ) ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "This item is a <info>magical focus</info>.  You can cast spells with it in your hand." ) ) );
                }
                if( is_craft() ) {
                    const std::string desc = _( "This is an in progress %s.  It is %d percent complete." );
                    const int percent_progress = item_counter / 100000;
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( desc,
                                              making->result_name(),
                                              percent_progress ) ) );
                } else {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", type->description.translated() ) );
                }
            }
        }
        std::set<matec_id> all_techniques = type->techniques;
        all_techniques.insert( techniques.begin(), techniques.end() );
        if( !all_techniques.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_TECHNIQUES ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Techniques when wielded</bold>: " ) +
            enumerate_as_string( all_techniques.begin(), all_techniques.end(), []( const matec_id & tid ) {
                return string_format( "<stat>%s:</stat> <info>%s</info>", _( tid.obj().name ),
                                      _( tid.obj().description ) );
            } ) ) );
        }

        if( !is_gunmod() && has_flag( "REACH_ATTACK" ) &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUNMOD_ADDREACHATTACK ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            if( has_flag( "REACH3" ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This item can be used to make <stat>long reach attacks</stat>." ) ) );
            } else {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This item can be used to make <stat>reach attacks</stat>." ) ) );
            }
        }

        ///\EFFECT_MELEE >2 allows seeing melee damage stats on weapons
        if( debug_mode || ( g->u.get_skill_level( skill_melee ) > 2 && ( damage_melee( DT_BASH ) > 0 ||
                            damage_melee( DT_CUT ) > 0 || damage_melee( DT_STAB ) > 0 || type->m_to_hit > 0 ) ) ) {
            damage_instance non_crit;
            g->u.roll_all_damage( false, non_crit, true, *this );
            damage_instance crit;
            g->u.roll_all_damage( true, crit, true, *this );
            int attack_cost = g->u.attack_speed( *this );
            insert_separation_line();
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MELEEDMG ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Average melee damage:</bold>" ) ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MELEEDMG_CRIT ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          string_format( _( "Critical hit chance %d%% - %d%%" ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( g->u.crit_chance( 0, 100, *this ) * 100 ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( g->u.crit_chance( 100, 0, *this ) * 100 ) ) ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MELEEDMG_BASH ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          string_format( _( "%d bashing (%d on a critical hit)" ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( non_crit.type_damage( DT_BASH ) ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( crit.type_damage( DT_BASH ) ) ) ) );
            }
            if( ( non_crit.type_damage( DT_CUT ) > 0.0f || crit.type_damage( DT_CUT ) > 0.0f )
                && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MELEEDMG_CUT ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          string_format( _( "%d cutting (%d on a critical hit)" ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( non_crit.type_damage( DT_CUT ) ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( crit.type_damage( DT_CUT ) ) ) ) );
            }
            if( ( non_crit.type_damage( DT_STAB ) > 0.0f || crit.type_damage( DT_STAB ) > 0.0f )
                && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MELEEDMG_PIERCE ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          string_format( _( "%d piercing (%d on a critical hit)" ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( non_crit.type_damage( DT_STAB ) ),
                                                  static_cast<int>( crit.type_damage( DT_STAB ) ) ) ) );
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_MELEEDMG_MOVES ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          string_format( _( "%d moves per attack" ), attack_cost ) ) );
            }
        }

        //lets display which martial arts styles character can use with this weapon
        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_APPLICABLEMARTIALARTS ) ) {
            const std::vector<matype_id> &styles = g->u.ma_styles;
            const std::string valid_styles = enumerate_as_string( styles.begin(), styles.end(),
            [this]( const matype_id & mid ) {
                return mid.obj().has_weapon( typeId() ) ? mid.obj().name.translated() : std::string();
            } );
            if( !valid_styles.empty() ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          std::string( _( "You know how to use this with these martial arts styles: " ) ) +
                                          valid_styles ) );
            }
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_USE_METHODS ) ) {
            for( const std::pair<std::string, use_function> &method : type->use_methods ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                method.second.dump_info( *this, info );
            }
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_REPAIREDWITH ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();

            const std::set<std::string> &rep = repaired_with();

            if( !rep.empty() ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Repaired with</bold>: " ) +
                enumerate_as_string( rep.begin(), rep.end(), []( const itype_id & e ) {
                    return nname( e );
                }, enumeration_conjunction::or_ ) );
                insert_separation_line();
                if( reinforceable() ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "* This item can be <good>reinforced</good>." ) );
                }

            } else {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "* This item is <bad>not repairable</bad>." ) );
            }
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_CONDUCTIVITY ) ) {
            if( !conductive() ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "* This item <good>does not conduct</good> electricity." ) ) );
            } else if( has_flag( "CONDUCTIVE" ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE",
                                          _( "* This item effectively <bad>conducts</bad> electricity, as it has no guard." ) ) );
            } else {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "BASE", _( "* This item <bad>conducts</bad> electricity." ) ) );
            }
        }

        bool anyFlags = ( *parts & iteminfo_query::anyflags ).any();
        if( anyFlags ) {
            insert_separation_line();
        }

        if( is_armor() && u.has_trait( trait_id( "WOOLALLERGY" ) ) && ( made_of( material_id( "wool" ) ) ||
                item_tags.count( "wooled" ) ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "* This clothing will give you an <bad>allergic reaction</bad>." ) ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS ) ) {
            // concatenate base and acquired flags...
            std::vector<std::string> flags;
            std::set_union( type->item_tags.begin(), type->item_tags.end(),
                            item_tags.begin(), item_tags.end(),
                            std::back_inserter( flags ) );

            // ...and display those which have an info description
            for( const std::string &e : flags ) {
                const json_flag &f = json_flag::get( e );
                if( !f.info().empty() ) {
                    info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( "* %s", _( f.info() ) ) );
                }
            }
        }

        if( is_armor() ) {
            if( has_flag( "HELMET_COMPAT" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS_HELMETCOMPAT ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This item can be <info>worn with a helmet</info>." ) ) );
            }

            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS_FITS ) ) {
                if( has_flag( "FIT" ) ) {
                    if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_human_char ) {
                        info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                  _( "* This clothing <info>fits</info> you perfectly." ) ) );
                    } else if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_big_char ) {
                        info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                  _( "* This clothing <info>fits</info> your large frame perfectly." ) ) );
                    } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_small_char ) {
                        info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                  _( "* This clothing <info>fits</info> your small frame perfectly." ) ) );
                    }
                }

                if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_human_char ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing is <bad>oversized</bad> and does <bad>not fit</bad> you." ) ) );
                } else if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_small_char ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing is hilariously <bad>oversized</bad> and does <bad>not fit</bad> your <info>abnormally small mutated anatomy</info>." ) ) );
                } else if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_big_char ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing is <bad>normal sized</bad> and does <bad>not fit</info> your <info>abnormally large mutated anatomy</info>." ) ) );
                } else if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_small_char ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing is <bad>normal sized</bad> and does <bad>not fit</bad> your <info>abnormally small mutated anatomy</info>." ) ) );
                } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_big_char ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing is hilariously <bad>undersized</bad> and does <bad>not fit</bad> your <info>abnormally large mutated anatomy</info>." ) ) );
                } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_human_char ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing is <bad>undersized</bad> and does <bad>not fit</bad> you." ) ) );
                }
            }

            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS_VARSIZE ) ) {
                if( has_flag( "VARSIZE" ) ) {
                    if( has_flag( "FIT" ) ) {
                        if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_human_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be upsized</info>." ) ) );
                        } else if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_small_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be downsized</info>." ) ) );
                        } else if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_human_char ||
                                   sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_small_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <bad>can not be downsized.</bad>" ) ) );
                        } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_big_char ||
                                   sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_big_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <bad>can not be upsized.</bad>" ) ) );
                        }
                    } else {
                        if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_human_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be refitted</info> and <info>upsized</info>." ) ) );
                        } else if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_small_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be refitted</info> and <info>downsized</info>." ) ) );
                        } else if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_human_char ||
                                   sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_small_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be refitted</info> but <bad>not downsized.</bad>" ) ) );
                        } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_big_char ||
                                   sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_big_char ) {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be refitted</info> but <bad>not upsized.</bad>" ) ) );
                        } else {
                            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                      _( "* This clothing <info>can be refitted</info>." ) ) );
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              _( "* This clothing <bad>can not be refitted, upsized, or downsized</bad>." ) ) );
                }
            }

            if( is_sided() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS_SIDED ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This item can be worn on <info>either side</info> of the body." ) ) );
            }
            if( is_power_armor() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS_POWERARMOR ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This gear is a part of power armor." ) ) );
                if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FLAGS_POWERARMOR_RADIATIONHINT ) ) {
                    if( covers( bp_head ) ) {
                        info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                  _( "* When worn with a power armor suit, it will <good>fully protect</good> you from <info>radiation</info>." ) ) );
                    } else {
                        info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                                  _( "* When worn with a power armor helmet, it will <good>fully protect</good> you from <info>radiation</info>." ) ) );
                    }
                }
            }
            if( typeId() == "rad_badge" && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_IRRADIATION ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          string_format( _( "* The film strip on the badge is %s." ),
                                                  rad_badge_color( irradiation ) ) ) );
            }
        }

        if( is_tool() ) {
            if( has_flag( "USE_UPS" ) && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RECHARGE_UPSMODDED ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This tool has been modified to use a <info>universal power supply</info> and is <neutral>not compatible</neutral> with <info>standard batteries</info>." ) ) );
            } else if( has_flag( "RECHARGE" ) && has_flag( "NO_RELOAD" ) &&
                       parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RECHARGE_NORELOAD ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This tool has a <info>rechargeable power cell</info> and is <neutral>not compatible</neutral> with <info>standard batteries</info>." ) ) );
            } else if( has_flag( "RECHARGE" ) &&
                       parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RECHARGE_UPSCAPABLE ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "* This tool has a <info>rechargeable power cell</info> and can be recharged in any <neutral>UPS-compatible recharging station</neutral>. You could charge it with <info>standard batteries</info>, but unloading it is impossible." ) ) );
            } else if( has_flag( "USES_BIONIC_POWER" ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* This tool <info>runs on bionic power</info>." ) );
            }
        }

        if( has_flag( "RADIO_ACTIVATION" ) &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RADIO_ACTIVATION ) ) {
            if( has_flag( "RADIO_MOD" ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* This item has been modified to listen to <info>radio signals</info>.  It can still be activated manually." ) );
            } else {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* This item can only be activated by a <info>radio signal</info>." ) );
            }

            std::string signame;
            if( has_flag( "RADIOSIGNAL_1" ) ) {
                signame = "<color_c_red>red</color> radio signal.";
            } else if( has_flag( "RADIOSIGNAL_2" ) ) {
                signame = "<color_c_blue>blue</color> radio signal.";
            } else if( has_flag( "RADIOSIGNAL_3" ) ) {
                signame = "<color_c_green>green</color> radio signal.";
            }
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RADIO_ACTIVATION_CHANNEL ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( _( "* It will be activated by the %s." ),
                                   signame ) );
            }

            if( has_flag( "RADIO_INVOKE_PROC" ) &&
                parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RADIO_ACTIVATION_PROC ) ) {
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                                   _( "* Activating this item with a <info>radio signal</info> will <neutral>detonate</neutral> it immediately." ) );
            }
        }

        // TODO: Unhide when enforcing limits
        if( is_bionic() ) {
            if( get_option < bool >( "CBM_SLOTS_ENABLED" )
                && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_CBM_SLOTS ) ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", list_occupied_bps( type->bionic->id,
                                          _( "This bionic is installed in the following body part(s):" ) ) ) );
            }
            insert_separation_line();

            const bionic_id bid = type->bionic->id;

            if( !bid->encumbrance.empty() ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Encumbrance:</bold> " ),
                                          iteminfo::no_newline ) );
                for( const auto &element : bid->encumbrance ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "CBM", body_part_name_as_heading( element.first, 1 ), " <num> ",
                                              iteminfo::no_newline, element.second ) );
                }

            }

            if( !bid->env_protec.empty() ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Environmental Protection:</bold> " ),
                                          iteminfo::no_newline ) );
                for( const auto &element : bid->env_protec ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "CBM", body_part_name_as_heading( element.first, 1 ), " <num> ",
                                              iteminfo::no_newline, element.second ) );
                }

            }

            if( !bid->stat_bonus.empty() ) {
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Stat Bonus:</bold> " ),
                                          iteminfo::no_newline ) );
                for( const auto &element : bid->stat_bonus ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "CBM", get_stat_name( element.first ), " <num> ", iteminfo::no_newline,
                                              element.second ) );
                }

            }

            const units::mass weight_bonus = bid->weight_capacity_bonus;
            const float weight_modif = bid->weight_capacity_modifier;
            if( weight_modif != 1 ) {
                std::string modifier;
                if( weight_modif < 1 ) {
                    modifier = "<num><bad>x</bad>";
                } else {
                    modifier = "<num><color_light_green>x</color>";
                }
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "CBM",
                                          _( "<bold>Weight capacity modifier</bold>: " ), modifier,
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::is_decimal, weight_modif ) );
            }
            if( weight_bonus != 0_gram ) {
                std::string bonus;
                if( weight_bonus < 0_gram ) {
                    bonus = string_format( "<num> <bad>%s</bad>", weight_units() );
                } else {
                    bonus = string_format( "<num> <color_light_green>%s</color>", weight_units() );
                }
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "CBM", _( "<bold>Weight capacity bonus</bold>: " ), bonus,
                                          iteminfo::no_newline | iteminfo::is_decimal, convert_weight( weight_bonus ) ) );
            }

        }

        if( is_gun() && has_flag( "FIRE_TWOHAND" ) &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_TWOHANDED ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "* This weapon needs <info>two free hands</info> to fire." ) ) );
        }

        if( is_gunmod() && has_flag( "DISABLE_SIGHTS" ) &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUNMOD_DISABLESSIGHTS ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "* This mod <bad>obscures sights</bad> of the base weapon." ) ) );
        }

        if( is_gunmod() && has_flag( "CONSUMABLE" ) &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_GUNMOD_CONSUMABLE ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "* This mod might <bad>suffer wear</bad> when firing the base weapon." ) ) );
        }

        if( has_flag( "LEAK_DAM" ) && has_flag( "RADIOACTIVE" ) && damage() > 0
            && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RADIOACTIVITY_DAMAGED ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "* The casing of this item has <neutral>cracked</neutral>, revealing an <info>ominous green glow</info>." ) ) );
        }

        if( has_flag( "LEAK_ALWAYS" ) && has_flag( "RADIOACTIVE" ) &&
            parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_RADIOACTIVITY_ALWAYS ) ) {
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                      _( "* This object is <neutral>surrounded</neutral> by a <info>sickly green glow</info>." ) ) );
        }

        if( is_brewable() || ( !contents.empty() && contents.front().is_brewable() ) ) {
            const item &brewed = !is_brewable() ? contents.front() : *this;
            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_BREWABLE_DURATION ) ) {
                const time_duration btime = brewed.brewing_time();
                if( btime <= 2_days ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              string_format( ngettext( "* Once set in a vat, this will ferment in around %d hour.",
                                                      "* Once set in a vat, this will ferment in around %d hours.", to_hours<int>( btime ) ),
                                                      to_hours<int>( btime ) ) ) );
                } else {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              string_format( ngettext( "* Once set in a vat, this will ferment in around %d day.",
                                                      "* Once set in a vat, this will ferment in around %d days.", to_days<int>( btime ) ),
                                                      to_days<int>( btime ) ) ) );
                }
            }

            if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_BREWABLE_PRODUCTS ) ) {
                for( const std::string &res : brewed.brewing_results() ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                              string_format( _( "* Fermenting this will produce <neutral>%s</neutral>." ),
                                                      nname( res, brewed.charges ) ) ) );
                }
            }
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_FAULTS ) ) {
            for( const fault_id &e : faults ) {
                //~ %1$s is the name of a fault and %2$s is the description of the fault
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( _( "* <bad>%1$s</bad>.  %2$s" ),
                                   e.obj().name(), e.obj().description() ) );
            }
        }

        // does the item fit in any holsters?
        std::vector<const itype *> holsters = Item_factory::find( [this]( const itype & e ) {
            if( !e.can_use( "holster" ) ) {
                return false;
            }
            const holster_actor *ptr = dynamic_cast<const holster_actor *>
                                       ( e.get_use( "holster" )->get_actor_ptr() );
            return ptr->can_holster( *this );
        } );

        if( !holsters.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_HOLSTERS ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Can be stored in:</bold> " ) +
                               enumerate_as_string( holsters.begin(), holsters.end(),
            []( const itype * e ) {
                return e->nname( 1 );
            } ) );
        }

        if( parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_ACTIVATABLE_TRANSFORMATION ) ) {
            for( auto &u : type->use_methods ) {
                const delayed_transform_iuse *tt = dynamic_cast<const delayed_transform_iuse *>
                                                   ( u.second.get_actor_ptr() );
                if( tt == nullptr ) {
                    continue;
                }
                const int time_to_do = tt->time_to_do( *this );
                if( time_to_do <= 0 ) {
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "It's done and <info>can be activated</info>." ) ) );
                } else {
                    const std::string time = to_string_clipped( time_duration::from_turns( time_to_do ) );
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( _( "It will be done in %s." ),
                                              time.c_str() ) ) );
                }
            }
        }

        std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator item_note = item_vars.find( "item_note" );
        std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator item_note_type =
            item_vars.find( "item_note_type" );

        if( item_note != item_vars.end() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_NOTES ) ) {
            insert_separation_line();
            std::string ntext;
            if( item_note_type != item_vars.end() ) {
                //~ %1$s: gerund (e.g. carved), %2$s: item name
                ntext += string_format( pgettext( "carving", "%1$s on the %2$s is: " ),
                                        item_note_type->second.c_str(), tname() );
            } else {
                ntext += _( "Note: " );
            }
            info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", ntext + item_note->second ) );
        }

        // describe contents
        if( !contents.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_CONTENTS ) ) {
            for( const item *mod : is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods() ) {
                if( mod->type->gunmod ) {
                    temp1.str( "" );
                    if( mod->is_irremovable() ) {
                        temp1 << _( "Integrated mod: " );
                    } else {
                        temp1 << _( "Mod: " );
                    }
                    temp1 << "<bold>" << mod->tname() << "</bold> (" << mod->type->gunmod->location.name() << ")";
                }
                insert_separation_line();
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", temp1.str() );
                info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", mod->type->description.translated() );
            }
            bool contents_header = false;
            for( const item &contents_item : contents ) {
                if( !contents_item.type->mod ) {
                    if( !contents_header ) {
                        insert_separation_line();
                        info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", _( "<bold>Contents of this item</bold>:" ) );
                        contents_header = true;
                    } else {
                        // Separate items with a blank line
                        info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", space );
                    }

                    const translation &description = contents_item.type->description;

                    if( contents_item.made_of_from_type( LIQUID ) ) {
                        units::volume contents_volume = contents_item.volume() * batch;
                        int converted_volume_scale = 0;
                        const double converted_volume =
                            round_up( convert_volume( contents_volume.value(),
                                                      &converted_volume_scale ), 2 );
                        info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", contents_item.display_name() );
                        iteminfo::flags f = iteminfo::no_newline;
                        if( converted_volume_scale != 0 ) {
                            f |= iteminfo::is_decimal;
                        }
                        info.emplace_back( "CONTAINER", description + space,
                                           string_format( "<num> %s", volume_units_abbr() ), f,
                                           converted_volume );
                    } else {
                        info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", contents_item.display_name() );
                        info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION", description.translated() );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if( this->get_var( "die_num_sides", 0 ) != 0 ) {
            info.emplace_back( "DESCRIPTION",
                               string_format( _( "* This item can be used as a <info>die</info>, and has <info>%d</info> sides." ),
                                              static_cast<int>( this->get_var( "die_num_sides", 0 ) ) ) );
        }

        // list recipes you could use it in
        itype_id tid;
        if( contents.empty() ) { // use this item
            tid = typeId();
        } else { // use the contained item
            tid = contents.front().typeId();
        }
        const std::set<const recipe *> &known_recipes = g->u.get_learned_recipes().of_component( tid );
        if( !known_recipes.empty() && parts->test( iteminfo_parts::DESCRIPTION_APPLICABLE_RECIPES ) ) {
            temp1.str( "" );
            const inventory &inv = g->u.crafting_inventory();

            if( known_recipes.size() > 24 ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION",
                                          _( "You know dozens of things you could craft with it." ) ) );
            } else if( known_recipes.size() > 12 ) {
                insert_separation_line();
                info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", _( "You could use it to craft various other things." ) ) );
            } else {
                const std::string recipes = enumerate_as_string( known_recipes.begin(), known_recipes.end(),
                [ &inv ]( const recipe * r ) {
                    if( r->requirements().can_make_with_inventory( inv, r->get_component_filter() ) ) {
                        return r->result_name();
                    } else {
                        return string_format( "<dark>%s</dark>", r->result_name() );
                    }
                } );
                if( !recipes.empty() ) {
                    insert_separation_line();
                    info.push_back( iteminfo( "DESCRIPTION", string_format( _( "You could use it to craft: %s" ),
                                              recipes.c_str() ) ) );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if( !info.empty() && info.back().sName == "--" ) {
        info.pop_back();
    }

    return format_item_info( info, {} );
}

std::map<gunmod_location, int> item::get_mod_locations() const
{
    std::map<gunmod_location, int> mod_locations = type->gun->valid_mod_locations;

    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        if( !mod->type->gunmod->add_mod.empty() ) {
            std::map<gunmod_location, int> add_locations = mod->type->gunmod->add_mod;

            for( const std::pair<gunmod_location, int> &add_location : add_locations ) {
                mod_locations[add_location.first] += add_location.second;
            }
        }
    }

    return mod_locations;
}

int item::get_free_mod_locations( const gunmod_location &location ) const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    std::map<gunmod_location, int> mod_locations = get_mod_locations();

    const auto loc = mod_locations.find( location );
    if( loc == mod_locations.end() ) {
        return 0;
    }
    int result = loc->second;
    for( const item &elem : contents ) {
        const cata::optional<islot_gunmod> &mod = elem.type->gunmod;
        if( mod && mod->location == location ) {
            result--;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

int item::engine_displacement() const
{
    return type->engine ? type->engine->displacement : 0;
}

const std::string &item::symbol() const
{
    return type->sym;
}

nc_color item::color_in_inventory() const
{
    avatar &u = g->u; // TODO: make a const reference

    // Only item not otherwise colored gets colored as favorite
    nc_color ret = is_favorite ? c_white : c_light_gray;
    if( type->can_use( "learn_spell" ) ) {
        const use_function *iuse = get_use( "learn_spell" );
        const learn_spell_actor *actor_ptr =
            static_cast<const learn_spell_actor *>( iuse->get_actor_ptr() );
        for( const std::string spell_id_str : actor_ptr->spells ) {
            const spell_id sp_id( spell_id_str );
            if( u.magic.knows_spell( sp_id ) && !u.magic.get_spell( sp_id ).is_max_level() ) {
                ret = c_yellow;
            }
            if( !u.magic.knows_spell( sp_id ) && u.magic.can_learn_spell( u, sp_id ) ) {
                return c_light_blue;
            }
        }
    } else if( has_flag( "WET" ) ) {
        ret = c_cyan;
    } else if( has_flag( "LITCIG" ) ) {
        ret = c_red;
    } else if( is_armor() && u.has_trait( trait_id( "WOOLALLERGY" ) ) &&
               ( made_of( material_id( "wool" ) ) || item_tags.count( "wooled" ) ) ) {
        ret = c_red;
    } else if( is_filthy() || item_tags.count( "DIRTY" ) ) {
        ret = c_brown;
    } else if( is_bionic() && !has_flag( "NO_STERILE" ) ) {
        if( !has_flag( "NO_PACKED" ) ) {
            ret = c_dark_gray;
        } else {
            ret = c_cyan;
        }
    } else if( has_flag( "LEAK_DAM" ) && has_flag( "RADIOACTIVE" ) && damage() > 0 ) {
        ret = c_light_green;
    } else if( active && !is_food() && !is_food_container() && !is_corpse() ) {
        // Active items show up as yellow
        ret = c_yellow;
    } else if( is_corpse() && can_revive() ) {
        // Only reviving corpses are yellow
        ret = c_yellow;
    } else if( is_food() || is_food_container() ) {
        const bool preserves = type->container && type->container->preserves;
        const item &to_color = is_food() ? *this : contents.front();

        // Give color priority to allergy (allergy > inedible by freeze or other conditions)
        // TODO: refactor u.will_eat to let this section handle coloring priority without duplicating code.
        if( u.allergy_type( to_color ) != morale_type( "morale_null" ) ) {
            return c_red;
        }

        // Default: permafood, drugs
        // Brown: rotten (for non-saprophages) or non-rotten (for saprophages)
        // Dark gray: inedible
        // Red: morale penalty
        // Yellow: will rot soon
        // Cyan: will rot eventually
        const ret_val<edible_rating> rating = u.will_eat( to_color );
        // TODO: More colors
        switch( rating.value() ) {
            case EDIBLE:
            case TOO_FULL:
                if( preserves ) {
                    // Nothing, canned food won't rot
                } else if( to_color.is_going_bad() ) {
                    ret = c_yellow;
                } else if( to_color.goes_bad() ) {
                    ret = c_cyan;
                }
                break;
            case INEDIBLE:
            case INEDIBLE_MUTATION:
                ret = c_dark_gray;
                break;
            case ALLERGY:
            case ALLERGY_WEAK:
            case CANNIBALISM:
                ret = c_red;
                break;
            case ROTTEN:
                ret = c_brown;
                break;
            case NAUSEA:
                ret = c_pink;
                break;
            case NO_TOOL:
                break;
        }
    } else if( is_gun() ) {
        // Guns are green if you are carrying ammo for them
        // ltred if you have ammo but no mags
        // Gun with integrated mag counts as both
        for( const ammotype &at : ammo_types() ) {
            // get_ammo finds uncontained ammo, find_ammo finds ammo in magazines
            bool has_ammo = !u.get_ammo( at ).empty() || !u.find_ammo( *this, false, -1 ).empty();
            bool has_mag = magazine_integral() || !u.find_ammo( *this, true, -1 ).empty();
            if( has_ammo && has_mag ) {
                ret = c_green;
                break;
            } else if( has_ammo || has_mag ) {
                ret = c_light_red;
                break;
            }
        }
    } else if( is_ammo() ) {
        // Likewise, ammo is green if you have guns that use it
        // ltred if you have the gun but no mags
        // Gun with integrated mag counts as both
        bool has_gun = u.has_item_with( [this]( const item & i ) {
            return i.is_gun() && i.ammo_types().count( ammo_type() );
        } );
        bool has_mag = u.has_item_with( [this]( const item & i ) {
            return ( i.is_gun() && i.magazine_integral() && i.ammo_types().count( ammo_type() ) ) ||
                   ( i.is_magazine() && i.ammo_types().count( ammo_type() ) );
        } );
        if( has_gun && has_mag ) {
            ret = c_green;
        } else if( has_gun || has_mag ) {
            ret = c_light_red;
        }
    } else if( is_magazine() ) {
        // Magazines are green if you have guns and ammo for them
        // ltred if you have one but not the other
        bool has_gun = u.has_item_with( [this]( const item & it ) {
            return it.is_gun() && it.magazine_compatible().count( typeId() ) > 0;
        } );
        bool has_ammo = !u.find_ammo( *this, false, -1 ).empty();
        if( has_gun && has_ammo ) {
            ret = c_green;
        } else if( has_gun || has_ammo ) {
            ret = c_light_red;
        }
    } else if( is_book() ) {
        if( u.has_identified( typeId() ) ) {
            const islot_book &tmp = *type->book;
            if( tmp.skill && // Book can improve skill: blue
                u.get_skill_level_object( tmp.skill ).can_train() &&
                u.get_skill_level( tmp.skill ) >= tmp.req &&
                u.get_skill_level( tmp.skill ) < tmp.level ) {
                ret = c_light_blue;
            } else if( type->can_use( "MA_MANUAL" ) &&
                       !u.has_martialart( martial_art_learned_from( *type ) ) ) {
                ret = c_light_blue;
            } else if( tmp.skill && // Book can't improve skill right now, but maybe later: pink
                       u.get_skill_level_object( tmp.skill ).can_train() &&
                       u.get_skill_level( tmp.skill ) < tmp.level ) {
                ret = c_pink;
            } else if( !u.studied_all_recipes(
                           *type ) ) { // Book can't improve skill anymore, but has more recipes: yellow
                ret = c_yellow;
            }
        } else {
            ret = c_red; // Book hasn't been identified yet: red
        }
    } else if( is_bionic() ) {
        if( !u.has_bionic( type->bionic->id ) ) {
            ret = u.bionic_installation_issues( type->bionic->id ).empty() ? c_green : c_red;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

void item::on_wear( Character &p )
{
    if( is_sided() && get_side() == side::BOTH ) {
        // for sided items wear the item on the side which results in least encumbrance
        int lhs = 0;
        int rhs = 0;

        set_side( side::LEFT );
        const auto left_enc = p.get_encumbrance( *this );
        for( const body_part bp : all_body_parts ) {
            lhs += left_enc[bp].encumbrance;
        }

        set_side( side::RIGHT );
        const auto right_enc = p.get_encumbrance( *this );
        for( const body_part bp : all_body_parts ) {
            rhs += right_enc[bp].encumbrance;
        }

        set_side( lhs <= rhs ? side::LEFT : side::RIGHT );
    }

    // TODO: artifacts currently only work with the player character
    if( &p == &g->u && type->artifact ) {
        g->add_artifact_messages( type->artifact->effects_worn );
    }
    // if game is loaded - dont want ownership assigned during char creation
    if( g->u.getID().is_valid() ) {
        handle_pickup_ownership( p );
    }
    p.on_item_wear( *this );
}

void item::on_takeoff( Character &p )
{
    p.on_item_takeoff( *this );

    if( is_sided() ) {
        set_side( side::BOTH );
    }
}

void item::on_wield( player &p, int mv )
{
    // TODO: artifacts currently only work with the player character
    if( &p == &g->u && type->artifact ) {
        g->add_artifact_messages( type->artifact->effects_wielded );
    }

    // weapons with bayonet/bipod or other generic "unhandiness"
    if( has_flag( "SLOW_WIELD" ) && !is_gunmod() ) {
        float d = 32.0; // arbitrary linear scaling factor
        if( is_gun() ) {
            d /= std::max( p.get_skill_level( gun_skill() ), 1 );
        } else if( is_melee() ) {
            d /= std::max( p.get_skill_level( melee_skill() ), 1 );
        }

        int penalty = get_var( "volume", volume() / units::legacy_volume_factor ) * d;
        p.moves -= penalty;
        mv += penalty;
    }

    // firearms with a folding stock or tool/melee without collapse/retract iuse
    if( has_flag( "NEEDS_UNFOLD" ) && !is_gunmod() ) {
        int penalty = 50; // 200-300 for guns, 50-150 for melee, 50 as fallback
        if( is_gun() ) {
            penalty = std::max( 0, 300 - p.get_skill_level( gun_skill() ) * 10 );
        } else if( is_melee() ) {
            penalty = std::max( 0, 150 - p.get_skill_level( melee_skill() ) * 10 );
        }

        p.moves -= penalty;
        mv += penalty;
    }

    std::string msg;

    if( mv > 500 ) {
        msg = _( "It takes you an extremely long time to wield your %s." );
    } else if( mv > 250 ) {
        msg = _( "It takes you a very long time to wield your %s." );
    } else if( mv > 100 ) {
        msg = _( "It takes you a long time to wield your %s." );
    } else if( mv > 50 ) {
        msg = _( "It takes you several seconds to wield your %s." );
    } else {
        msg = _( "You wield your %s." );
    }
    // if game is loaded - dont want ownership assigned during char creation
    if( g->u.getID().is_valid() ) {
        handle_pickup_ownership( p );
    }
    p.add_msg_if_player( m_neutral, msg, tname() );

    if( p.style_selected != matype_id( "style_none" ) ) {
        p.martialart_use_message();
    }

    // Update encumbrance in case we were wearing it
    p.flag_encumbrance();
}

void item::handle_pickup_ownership( Character &c )
{
    faction *yours = c.get_faction();
    // Add ownership to item if unowned
    if( !has_owner() ) {
        set_owner( yours );
    } else {
        if( get_owner() != yours && &c == &g->u ) {
            std::vector<npc *> witnesses;
            for( npc &elem : g->all_npcs() ) {
                if( rl_dist( elem.pos(), g->u.pos() ) < MAX_VIEW_DISTANCE && elem.get_faction() &&
                    elem.get_faction()->id != faction_id( "no_faction" ) &&
                    elem.get_faction() == get_owner() && elem.sees( g->u.pos() ) ) {
                    elem.say( "<witnessed_thievery>", 7 );
                    npc *npc_to_add = &elem;
                    witnesses.push_back( npc_to_add );
                }
            }
            if( !witnesses.empty() ) {
                set_old_owner( get_owner() );
                bool guard_chosen = false;
                for( npc *elem : witnesses ) {
                    if( elem->myclass == npc_class_id( "NC_BOUNTY_HUNTER" ) ) {
                        guard_chosen = true;
                        elem->witness_thievery( &*this );
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if( !guard_chosen ) {
                    int random_index = rand() % witnesses.size();
                    witnesses[random_index]->witness_thievery( &*this );
                }
            }
            set_owner( yours );
        }
    }
}

void item::on_pickup( Character &p )
{
    // Fake characters are used to determine pickup weight and volume
    if( p.is_fake() ) {
        return;
    }
    // TODO: artifacts currently only work with the player character
    if( &p == &g->u && type->artifact ) {
        g->add_artifact_messages( type->artifact->effects_carried );
    }
    // if game is loaded - dont want ownership assigned during char creation
    if( g->u.getID().is_valid() ) {
        handle_pickup_ownership( p );
    }
    if( is_bucket_nonempty() ) {
        for( const item &it : contents ) {
            g->m.add_item_or_charges( p.pos(), it );
        }

        contents.clear();
    }

    p.flag_encumbrance();
}

void item::on_contents_changed()
{
    if( is_non_resealable_container() ) {
        convert( type->container->unseals_into );
    }

    set_flag( "ENCUMBRANCE_UPDATE" );
}

void item::on_damage( int, damage_type )
{

}

std::string item::tname( unsigned int quantity, bool with_prefix, unsigned int truncate ) const
{
    std::stringstream ret;

    // TODO: MATERIALS put this in json
    std::string damtext;

    // for portions of string that have <color_ etc in them, this aims to truncate the whole string correctly
    unsigned int truncate_override = 0;

    if( ( damage() != 0 || ( get_option<bool>( "ITEM_HEALTH_BAR" ) && is_armor() ) ) && !is_null() &&
        with_prefix ) {
        damtext = durability_indicator();
        if( get_option<bool>( "ITEM_HEALTH_BAR" ) ) {
            truncate_override = damtext.length() - 3;
        }
    }
    if( !faults.empty() ) {
        damtext.insert( 0, _( "faulty " ) );
    }

    std::string vehtext;
    if( is_engine() && engine_displacement() > 0 ) {
        vehtext = string_format( pgettext( "vehicle adjective", "%2.1fL " ),
                                 engine_displacement() / 100.0f );

    } else if( is_wheel() && type->wheel->diameter > 0 ) {
        vehtext = string_format( pgettext( "vehicle adjective", "%d\" " ), type->wheel->diameter );
    }

    std::string burntext;
    if( with_prefix && !made_of_from_type( LIQUID ) ) {
        if( volume() >= 1000_ml && burnt * 125_ml >= volume() ) {
            burntext = pgettext( "burnt adjective", "badly burnt " );
        } else if( burnt > 0 ) {
            burntext = pgettext( "burnt adjective", "burnt " );
        }
    }

    std::string maintext;
    if( is_corpse() || typeId() == "blood" || item_vars.find( "name" ) != item_vars.end() ) {
        maintext = type_name( quantity );
    } else if( is_gun() || is_tool() || is_magazine() ) {
        int amt = 0;
        ret.str( "" );
        ret << label( quantity );
        for( const item *mod : is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods() ) {
            if( !type->gun || !type->gun->built_in_mods.count( mod->typeId() ) ) {
                amt++;
            }
        }
        if( amt ) {
            ret << string_format( "+%d", amt );
        }
        maintext = ret.str();
    } else if( is_armor() && has_clothing_mod() ) {
        ret.str( "" );
        ret << label( quantity );
        ret << "+1";
        maintext = ret.str();
    } else if( is_craft() ) {
        ret.str( "" );
        const std::string name = _( "in progress %s" );
        ret << string_format( name, making->result_name() );
        if( charges > 1 ) {
            ret << " (" << charges << ")";
        }
        const int percent_progress = item_counter / 100000;
        ret << " (" << percent_progress << "%)";
        maintext = ret.str();
    } else if( contents.size() == 1 ) {
        const item &contents_item = contents.front();
        if( contents_item.made_of( LIQUID ) || contents_item.is_food() ) {
            const unsigned contents_count = contents_item.charges > 1 ? contents_item.charges : quantity;
            //~ %1$s: item name, %2$s: content liquid, food, or drink name
            maintext = string_format( pgettext( "item name", "%1$s of %2$s" ), label( quantity ),
                                      contents_item.tname( contents_count, with_prefix ) );
        } else {
            //~ %1$s: item name, %2$s: non-liquid, non-food, non-drink content item name
            maintext = string_format( pgettext( "item name", "%1$s with %2$s" ), label( quantity ),
                                      contents_item.tname( quantity, with_prefix ) );
        }
    } else if( !contents.empty() ) {
        maintext = string_format( npgettext( "item name",
                                             //~ %1$s: item name, %2$zd: content size
                                             "%1$s with %2$zd item",
                                             "%1$s with %2$zd items", contents.size() ),
                                  label( quantity ), contents.size() );
    } else {
        maintext = label( quantity );
    }

    ret.str( "" );
    if( is_food() ) {
        if( has_flag( "HIDDEN_POISON" ) && g->u.get_skill_level( skill_survival ) >= 3 ) {
            ret << _( " (poisonous)" );
        } else if( has_flag( "HIDDEN_HALLU" ) && g->u.get_skill_level( skill_survival ) >= 5 ) {
            ret << _( " (hallucinogenic)" );
        }
    }
    if( has_flag( "ETHEREAL_ITEM" ) ) {
        ret << " (" << get_var( "ethereal" ) << " turns)";
    } else if( goes_bad() || is_food() ) {
        if( item_tags.count( "DIRTY" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (dirty)" );
        } else if( rotten() ) {
            ret << _( " (rotten)" );
        } else if( has_flag( "MUSHY" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (mushy)" );
        } else if( is_going_bad() ) {
            ret << _( " (old)" );
        } else if( is_fresh() ) {
            ret << _( " (fresh)" );
        }
    }
    if( has_temperature() ) {
        if( has_flag( "HOT" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (hot)" );
        }
        if( has_flag( "COLD" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (cold)" );
        }
        if( has_flag( "FROZEN" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (frozen)" );
        } else if( has_flag( "MELTS" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (melted)" ); // he melted
        }
    }

    const sizing sizing_level = get_sizing( g->u, get_encumber( g->u ) != 0 );

    if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_small_char ) {
        ret << _( " (too big)" );
    } else if( sizing_level == sizing::big_sized_small_char ) {
        ret << _( " (huge!)" );
    } else if( sizing_level == sizing::human_sized_big_char ||
               sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_human_char ) {
        ret << _( " (too small)" );
    } else if( sizing_level == sizing::small_sized_big_char ) {
        ret << _( " (tiny!)" );
    } else if( !has_flag( "FIT" ) && has_flag( "VARSIZE" ) ) {
        ret << _( " (poor fit)" );
    }

    if( is_filthy() ) {
        ret << _( " (filthy)" );
    }
    if( is_bionic() && !has_flag( "NO_PACKED" ) ) {
        if( !has_flag( "NO_STERILE" ) ) {
            ret << _( " (sterile)" );
        } else {
            ret << _( " (packed)" );
        }
    }

    if( is_tool() && has_flag( "USE_UPS" ) ) {
        ret << _( " (UPS)" );
    }

    if( has_var( "NANOFAB_ITEM_ID" ) ) {
        ret << string_format( " (%s)", nname( get_var( "NANOFAB_ITEM_ID" ) ) );
    }

    if( has_flag( "RADIO_MOD" ) ) {
        ret << _( " (radio:" );
        if( has_flag( "RADIOSIGNAL_1" ) ) {
            ret << pgettext( "The radio mod is associated with the [R]ed button.", "R)" );
        } else if( has_flag( "RADIOSIGNAL_2" ) ) {
            ret << pgettext( "The radio mod is associated with the [B]lue button.", "B)" );
        } else if( has_flag( "RADIOSIGNAL_3" ) ) {
            ret << pgettext( "The radio mod is associated with the [G]reen button.", "G)" );
        } else {
            debugmsg( "Why is the radio neither red, blue, nor green?" );
            ret << "?)";
        }
    }

    if( has_flag( "WET" ) ) {
        ret << _( " (wet)" );
    }
    if( already_used_by_player( g->u ) ) {
        ret << _( " (used)" );
    }
    if( active && ( has_flag( "WATER_EXTINGUISH" ) || has_flag( "LITCIG" ) ) ) {
        ret << _( " (lit)" );
    } else if( has_flag( "IS_UPS" ) && get_var( "cable" ) == "plugged_in" ) {
        ret << _( " (plugged in)" );
    } else if( active && !is_food() && !is_corpse() && ( typeId().length() < 3 ||
               typeId().compare( typeId().length() - 3, 3, "_on" ) != 0 ) ) {
        // Usually the items whose ids end in "_on" have the "active" or "on" string already contained
        // in their name, also food is active while it rots.
        ret << _( " (active)" );
    }

    if( is_favorite ) {
        ret << _( " *" ); // Display asterisk for favorite items
    }

    const std::string tagtext = ret.str();

    std::string modtext;
    if( gunmod_find( "barrel_small" ) ) {
        modtext += _( "sawn-off " );
    }
    if( has_flag( "DIAMOND" ) ) {
        modtext += std::string( pgettext( "Adjective, as in diamond katana", "diamond" ) ) + " ";
    }

    ret.str( "" );
    //~ This is a string to construct the item name as it is displayed. This format string has been added for maximum flexibility. The strings are: %1$s: Damage text (e.g. "bruised"). %2$s: burn adjectives (e.g. "burnt"). %3$s: tool modifier text (e.g. "atomic"). %4$s: vehicle part text (e.g. "3.8-Liter"). $5$s: main item text (e.g. "apple"). %6s: tags (e.g. "(wet) (poor fit)").
    ret << string_format( _( "%1$s%2$s%3$s%4$s%5$s%6$s" ), damtext, burntext, modtext, vehtext,
                          maintext, tagtext );

    std::string r = ret.str();
    if( truncate != 0 ) {
        r = utf8_truncate( r, truncate + truncate_override );
    }

    if( item_vars.find( "item_note" ) != item_vars.end() ) {
        //~ %s is an item name. This style is used to denote items with notes.
        return string_format( _( "*%s*" ), r );
    } else {
        return r;
    }
}

std::string item::display_money( unsigned int quantity, unsigned int total,
                                 cata::optional<unsigned int> selected ) const
{
    if( selected ) {
        //~ This is a string to display the selected and total amount of money in a stack of cash cards.
        //~ %1$s is the display name of cash cards.
        //~ %2$s is the total amount of money.
        //~ %3$s is the selected amount of money.
        //~ Example: "cash cards $15.35 of $20.48"
        return string_format( pgettext( "cash card and money", "%1$s %3$s of %2$s" ), tname( quantity ),
                              format_money( total ), format_money( *selected ) );
    } else {
        //~ This is a string to display the total amount of money in a stack of cash cards.
        //~ %1$s is the display name of cash cards.
        //~ %2$s is the total amount of money on the cash cards.
        //~ Example: "cash cards $20.48"
        return string_format( pgettext( "cash card and money", "%1$s %2$s" ), tname( quantity ),
                              format_money( total ) );
    }
}

std::string item::display_name( unsigned int quantity ) const
{
    std::string name = tname( quantity );
    std::string sidetxt;
    std::string amt;

    switch( get_side() ) {
        case side::BOTH:
        case side::num_sides:
            break;
        case side::LEFT:
            sidetxt = string_format( " (%s)", _( "left" ) );
            break;
        case side::RIGHT:
            sidetxt = string_format( " (%s)", _( "right" ) );
            break;
    }
    int amount = 0;
    int max_amount = 0;
    bool has_item = is_container() && contents.size() == 1;
    bool has_ammo = is_ammo_container() && contents.size() == 1;
    bool contains = has_item || has_ammo;
    bool show_amt = false;
    // We should handle infinite charges properly in all cases.
    if( contains ) {
        amount = contents.front().charges;
        max_amount = contents.front().charges_per_volume( get_container_capacity() );
    } else if( is_book() && get_chapters() > 0 ) {
        // a book which has remaining unread chapters
        amount = get_remaining_chapters( g->u );
    } else if( ammo_capacity() > 0 ) {
        // anything that can be reloaded including tools, magazines, guns and auxiliary gunmods
        // but excluding bows etc., which have ammo, but can't be reloaded
        amount = ammo_remaining();
        max_amount = ammo_capacity();
        show_amt = !has_flag( "RELOAD_AND_SHOOT" );
    } else if( count_by_charges() && !has_infinite_charges() ) {
        // A chargeable item
        amount = charges;
        max_amount = ammo_capacity();
    } else if( is_battery() ) {
        show_amt = true;
        amount = to_joule( energy_remaining() );
        max_amount = to_joule( type->battery->max_capacity );
    }

    if( amount || show_amt ) {
        if( is_money() ) {
            amt = string_format( " $%.2f", amount / 100.0 );
        } else {
            if( max_amount != 0 ) {
                amt = string_format( " (%i/%i)", amount, max_amount );
            } else {
                amt = string_format( " (%i)", amount );
            }
        }
    }

    // This is a hack to prevent possible crashing when displaying maps as items during character creation
    if( is_map() && calendar::turn != calendar::turn_zero ) {
        const city *c = overmap_buffer.closest_city( omt_to_sm_copy( get_var( "reveal_map_center_omt",
                        g->u.global_omt_location() ) ) ).city;
        if( c != nullptr ) {
            name = string_format( "%s %s", c->name, name );
        }
    }

    return string_format( "%s%s%s", name, sidetxt, amt );
}

nc_color item::color() const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return c_black;
    }
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return corpse->color;
    }
    return type->color;
}

int item::price( bool practical ) const
{
    int res = 0;

    visit_items( [&res, practical]( const item * e ) {
        if( e->rotten() ) {
            // TODO: Special case things that stay useful when rotten
            return VisitResponse::NEXT;
        }

        int child = units::to_cent( practical ? e->type->price_post : e->type->price );
        if( e->damage() > 0 ) {
            // maximal damage level is 4, maximal reduction is 40% of the value.
            child -= child * static_cast<double>( e->damage_level( 4 ) ) / 10;
        }

        if( e->count_by_charges() || e->made_of( LIQUID ) ) {
            // price from json data is for default-sized stack
            child *= e->charges / static_cast<double>( e->type->stack_size );

        } else if( e->magazine_integral() && e->ammo_remaining() && e->ammo_data() ) {
            // items with integral magazines may contain ammunition which can affect the price
            child += item( e->ammo_data(), calendar::turn, e->charges ).price( practical );

        } else if( e->is_tool() && e->ammo_types().empty() && e->ammo_capacity() ) {
            // if tool has no ammo (e.g. spray can) reduce price proportional to remaining charges
            child *= e->ammo_remaining() / static_cast<double>( std::max( e->type->charges_default(), 1 ) );
        }

        res += child;
        return VisitResponse::NEXT;
    } );

    return res;
}

// TODO: MATERIALS add a density field to materials.json
units::mass item::weight( bool include_contents, bool integral ) const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0_gram;
    }

    // Items that don't drop aren't really there, they're items just for ease of implementation
    if( has_flag( "NO_DROP" ) ) {
        return 0_gram;
    }

    if( is_craft() ) {
        units::mass ret = 0_gram;
        for( const item &it : components ) {
            ret += it.weight();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    units::mass ret;
    if( integral ) {
        ret = units::from_gram( get_var( "integral_weight", to_gram( type->integral_weight ) ) );
    } else {
        ret = units::from_gram( get_var( "weight", to_gram( type->weight ) ) );
    }

    if( has_flag( "REDUCED_WEIGHT" ) ) {
        ret *= 0.75;
    }

    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        ret *= charges;

    } else if( is_corpse() ) {
        assert( corpse ); // To appease static analysis
        ret = corpse->weight;
        if( has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS" ) || has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS_FAILED" ) ) {
            ret *= 0.75;
        }
        if( has_flag( "QUARTERED" ) ) {
            ret /= 4;
        }
        if( has_flag( "GIBBED" ) ) {
            ret *= 0.85;
        }
        if( has_flag( "SKINNED" ) ) {
            ret *= 0.85;
        }

    } else if( magazine_integral() && !is_magazine() ) {
        if( ammo_current() == "plut_cell" ) {
            ret += ammo_remaining() * find_type( ammotype(
                    *ammo_types().begin() )->default_ammotype() )->weight / PLUTONIUM_CHARGES;
        } else if( ammo_data() ) {
            ret += ammo_remaining() * ammo_data()->weight;
        }
    }

    // if this is an ammo belt add the weight of any implicitly contained linkages
    if( is_magazine() && type->magazine->linkage ) {
        item links( *type->magazine->linkage );
        links.charges = ammo_remaining();
        ret += links.weight();
    }

    // reduce weight for sawn-off weapons capped to the apportioned weight of the barrel
    if( gunmod_find( "barrel_small" ) ) {
        const units::volume b = type->gun->barrel_length;
        const units::mass max_barrel_weight = units::from_gram( to_milliliter( b ) );
        const units::mass barrel_weight = units::from_gram( b.value() * type->weight.value() /
                                          type->volume.value() );
        ret -= std::min( max_barrel_weight, barrel_weight );
    }

    if( is_gun() ) {
        for( const item *elem : gunmods() ) {
            ret += elem->weight( true, true );
        }
    } else if( include_contents ) {
        for( const item &elem : contents ) {
            ret += elem.weight();
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

units::volume item::corpse_volume( const mtype *corpse ) const
{
    units::volume corpse_volume = corpse->volume;
    if( has_flag( "QUARTERED" ) ) {
        corpse_volume /= 4;
    }
    if( has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS" ) || has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS_FAILED" ) ) {
        corpse_volume *= 0.75;
    }
    if( has_flag( "GIBBED" ) ) {
        corpse_volume *= 0.85;
    }
    if( has_flag( "SKINNED" ) ) {
        corpse_volume *= 0.85;
    }
    if( corpse_volume > 0_ml ) {
        return corpse_volume;
    }
    debugmsg( "invalid monster volume for corpse" );
    return 0_ml;
}

units::volume item::base_volume() const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0_ml;
    }
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return corpse_volume( corpse );
    }

    if( is_craft() ) {
        units::volume ret = 0_ml;
        for( const item &it : components ) {
            ret += it.base_volume();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        if( type->volume % type->stack_size == 0_ml ) {
            return type->volume / type->stack_size;
        } else {
            return type->volume / type->stack_size + 1_ml;
        }
    }

    return type->volume;
}

units::volume item::volume( bool integral ) const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0_ml;
    }

    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return corpse_volume( corpse );
    }

    if( is_craft() ) {
        units::volume ret = 0_ml;
        for( const item &it : components ) {
            ret += it.volume();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    const int local_volume = get_var( "volume", -1 );
    units::volume ret;
    if( local_volume >= 0 ) {
        ret = local_volume * units::legacy_volume_factor;
    } else if( integral ) {
        ret = type->integral_volume;
    } else {
        ret = type->volume;
    }

    if( count_by_charges() || made_of( LIQUID ) ) {
        units::quantity<int64_t, units::volume_in_milliliter_tag> num = ret * static_cast<int64_t>
                ( charges );
        if( type->stack_size <= 0 ) {
            debugmsg( "Item type %s has invalid stack_size %d", typeId(), type->stack_size );
            ret = num;
        } else {
            ret = num / type->stack_size;
            if( num % type->stack_size != 0_ml ) {
                ret += 1_ml;
            }
        }
    }

    // Non-rigid items add the volume of the content
    if( !type->rigid ) {
        for( const item &elem : contents ) {
            ret += elem.volume();
        }
    }

    // Some magazines sit (partly) flush with the item so add less extra volume
    if( magazine_current() != nullptr ) {
        ret += std::max( magazine_current()->volume() - type->magazine_well, 0_ml );
    }

    if( is_gun() ) {
        for( const item *elem : gunmods() ) {
            ret += elem->volume( true );
        }

        // TODO: implement stock_length property for guns
        if( has_flag( "COLLAPSIBLE_STOCK" ) ) {
            // consider only the base size of the gun (without mods)
            int tmpvol = get_var( "volume",
                                  ( type->volume - type->gun->barrel_length ) / units::legacy_volume_factor );
            if( tmpvol <= 3 ) {
                // intentional NOP
            } else if( tmpvol <= 5 ) {
                ret -= 250_ml;
            } else if( tmpvol <= 6 ) {
                ret -= 500_ml;
            } else if( tmpvol <= 9 ) {
                ret -= 750_ml;
            } else if( tmpvol <= 12 ) {
                ret -= 1000_ml;
            } else if( tmpvol <= 15 ) {
                ret -= 1250_ml;
            } else {
                ret -= 1500_ml;
            }
        }

        if( gunmod_find( "barrel_small" ) ) {
            ret -= type->gun->barrel_length;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

int item::lift_strength() const
{
    const int mass = units::to_gram( weight() );
    return std::max( mass / 10000, 1 );
}

int item::attack_time() const
{
    int ret = 65 + volume() / 62.5_ml + weight() / 60_gram;
    return ret;
}

int item::damage_melee( damage_type dt ) const
{
    assert( dt >= DT_NULL && dt < NUM_DT );
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    // effectiveness is reduced by 10% per damage level
    int res = type->melee[ dt ];
    res -= res * damage_level( 4 ) * 0.1;

    // apply type specific flags
    switch( dt ) {
        case DT_BASH:
            if( has_flag( "REDUCED_BASHING" ) ) {
                res *= 0.5;
            }
            break;

        case DT_CUT:
        case DT_STAB:
            if( has_flag( "DIAMOND" ) ) {
                res *= 1.3;
            }
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }

    // consider any melee gunmods
    if( is_gun() ) {
        std::vector<int> opts = { res };
        for( const std::pair<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> &e : gun_all_modes() ) {
            if( e.second.target != this && e.second.melee() ) {
                opts.push_back( e.second.target->damage_melee( dt ) );
            }
        }
        return *std::max_element( opts.begin(), opts.end() );

    }

    return std::max( res, 0 );
}

damage_instance item::base_damage_melee() const
{
    // TODO: Caching
    damage_instance ret;
    for( size_t i = DT_NULL + 1; i < NUM_DT; i++ ) {
        damage_type dt = static_cast<damage_type>( i );
        int dam = damage_melee( dt );
        if( dam > 0 ) {
            ret.add_damage( dt, dam );
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

damage_instance item::base_damage_thrown() const
{
    // TODO: Create a separate cache for individual items (for modifiers like diamond etc.)
    return type->thrown_damage;
}

int item::reach_range( const player &p ) const
{
    int res = 1;

    if( has_flag( "REACH_ATTACK" ) ) {
        res = has_flag( "REACH3" ) ? 3 : 2;
    }

    // for guns consider any attached gunmods
    if( is_gun() && !is_gunmod() ) {
        for( const std::pair<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> &m : gun_all_modes() ) {
            if( p.is_npc() && m.second.flags.count( "NPC_AVOID" ) ) {
                continue;
            }
            if( m.second.melee() ) {
                res = std::max( res, m.second.qty );
            }
        }
    }

    return res;
}

void item::unset_flags()
{
    item_tags.clear();
}

bool item::has_fault( const fault_id fault ) const
{
    return faults.count( fault );
}

bool item::has_flag( const std::string &f ) const
{
    bool ret = false;

    if( json_flag::get( f ).inherit() ) {
        for( const item *e : is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods() ) {
            // gunmods fired separately do not contribute to base gun flags
            if( !e->is_gun() && e->has_flag( f ) ) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    // other item type flags
    ret = type->item_tags.count( f );
    if( ret ) {
        return ret;
    }

    // now check for item specific flags
    ret = item_tags.count( f );
    return ret;
}

bool item::has_any_flag( const std::vector<std::string> &flags ) const
{
    for( const std::string &flag : flags ) {
        if( has_flag( flag ) ) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

item &item::set_flag( const std::string &flag )
{
    item_tags.insert( flag );
    return *this;
}

item &item::unset_flag( const std::string &flag )
{
    item_tags.erase( flag );
    return *this;
}

bool item::has_property( const std::string &prop ) const
{
    return type->properties.find( prop ) != type->properties.end();
}

std::string item::get_property_string( const std::string &prop, const std::string &def ) const
{
    const auto it = type->properties.find( prop );
    return it != type->properties.end() ? it->second : def;
}

int64_t item::get_property_int64_t( const std::string &prop, int64_t def ) const
{
    const auto it = type->properties.find( prop );
    if( it != type->properties.end() ) {
        char *e = nullptr;
        int64_t r = std::strtoll( it->second.c_str(), &e, 10 );
        if( !it->second.empty() && *e == '\0' ) {
            return r;
        }
        debugmsg( "invalid property '%s' for item '%s'", prop.c_str(), tname() );
    }
    return def;
}

int item::get_quality( const quality_id &id ) const
{
    int return_quality = INT_MIN;

    /**
     * EXCEPTION: Items with quality BOIL only count as such if they are empty,
     * excluding items of their ammo type if they are tools.
     */
    if( id == quality_id( "BOIL" ) && !( contents.empty() ||
                                         ( is_tool() && std::all_of( contents.begin(), contents.end(),
    [this]( const item & itm ) {
    if( itm.is_ammo() ) {
            return ammo_types().count( itm.ammo_type() ) != 0;
        } else if( itm.is_magazine() ) {
            for( const ammotype &at : ammo_types() ) {
                for( const ammotype &mag_at : itm.ammo_types() ) {
                    if( at == mag_at ) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        } else if( itm.is_toolmod() ) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    } ) ) ) ) {
        return INT_MIN;
    }

    for( const std::pair<quality_id, int> &quality : type->qualities ) {
        if( quality.first == id ) {
            return_quality = quality.second;
        }
    }
    for( const item &itm : contents ) {
        return_quality = std::max( return_quality, itm.get_quality( id ) );
    }

    return return_quality;
}

bool item::has_technique( const matec_id &tech ) const
{
    return type->techniques.count( tech ) > 0 || techniques.count( tech ) > 0;
}

void item::add_technique( const matec_id &tech )
{
    techniques.insert( tech );
}

std::vector<item *> item::toolmods()
{
    std::vector<item *> res;
    if( is_tool() ) {
        res.reserve( contents.size() );
        for( item &e : contents ) {
            if( e.is_toolmod() ) {
                res.push_back( &e );
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

std::vector<const item *> item::toolmods() const
{
    std::vector<const item *> res;
    if( is_tool() ) {
        res.reserve( contents.size() );
        for( const item &e : contents ) {
            if( e.is_toolmod() ) {
                res.push_back( &e );
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

std::set<matec_id> item::get_techniques() const
{
    std::set<matec_id> result = type->techniques;
    result.insert( techniques.begin(), techniques.end() );
    return result;
}

bool item::goes_bad() const
{
    if( item_internal::goes_bad_cache_is_set() ) {
        return item_internal::goes_bad_cache_fetch();
    }
    if( has_flag( "PROCESSING" ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        // Corpses rot only if they are made of rotting materials
        return made_of_any( materials::get_rotting() );
    }
    return is_food() && get_comestible()->spoils != 0_turns;
}

time_duration item::get_shelf_life() const
{
    if( goes_bad() ) {
        if( is_food() ) {
            return get_comestible()->spoils;
        } else if( is_corpse() ) {
            return CORPSE_ROT_TIME;
        }
    }
    return 0_turns;
}

double item::get_relative_rot() const
{
    if( goes_bad() ) {
        return rot / get_shelf_life();
    }
    return 0;
}

void item::set_relative_rot( double val )
{
    if( goes_bad() ) {
        rot = get_shelf_life() * val;
        // calc_rot uses last_rot_check (when it's not turn_zero) instead of bday.
        // this makes sure the rotting starts from now, not from bday.
        // if this item is the result of smoking or milling don't do this, we want to start from bday.
        if( !has_flag( "PROCESSING_RESULT" ) ) {
            last_rot_check = calendar::turn;
        }
    }
}

void item::set_rot( time_duration val )
{
    rot = val;
}

int item::spoilage_sort_order()
{
    item *subject;
    int bottom = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();

    if( type->container && !contents.empty() ) {
        if( type->container->preserves ) {
            return bottom - 3;
        }
        subject = &contents.front();
    } else {
        subject = this;
    }

    if( subject->goes_bad() ) {
        return to_turns<int>( subject->get_shelf_life() - subject->rot );
    }

    if( subject->get_comestible() ) {
        if( subject->get_category().id() == "food" ) {
            return bottom - 3;
        } else if( subject->get_category().id() == "drugs" ) {
            return bottom - 2;
        } else {
            return bottom - 1;
        }
    }
    return bottom;
}

/**
 * Food decay calculation.
 * Calculate how much food rots per hour, based on 10 = 1 minute of decay @ 65 F.
 * IRL this tends to double every 10c a few degrees above freezing, but past a certain
 * point the rate decreases until even extremophiles find it too hot. Here we just stop
 * further acceleration at 105 F. This should only need to run once when the game starts.
 * @see calc_rot_array
 * @see rot_chart
 */
static int calc_hourly_rotpoints_at_temp( const int temp )
{
    // default temp = 65, so generic->rotten() assumes 600 decay points per hour
    const int dropoff = 38;     // ditch our fancy equation and do a linear approach to 0 rot at 31f
    const int cutoff = 105;     // stop torturing the player at this temperature, which is
    const int cutoffrot = 21240; // ..almost 6 times the base rate. bacteria hate the heat too

    const int dsteps = dropoff - temperatures::freezing;
    const int dstep = ( 215.46 * std::pow( 2.0, static_cast<float>( dropoff ) / 16.0 ) / dsteps );

    if( temp < temperatures::freezing ) {
        return 0;
    } else if( temp > cutoff ) {
        return cutoffrot;
    } else if( temp < dropoff ) {
        return ( temp - temperatures::freezing ) * dstep;
    } else {
        return lround( 215.46 * std::pow( 2.0, static_cast<float>( temp ) / 16.0 ) );
    }
}

/**
 * Initialize the rot table.
 * @see rot_chart
 */
static std::vector<int> calc_rot_array( const size_t cap )
{
    std::vector<int> ret;
    ret.reserve( cap );
    for( size_t i = 0; i < cap; ++i ) {
        ret.push_back( calc_hourly_rotpoints_at_temp( static_cast<int>( i ) ) );
    }
    return ret;
}

/**
 * Get the hourly rot for a given temperature from the precomputed table.
 * @see rot_chart
 */
int get_hourly_rotpoints_at_temp( const int temp )
{
    /**
     * Precomputed rot lookup table.
     */
    static const std::vector<int> rot_chart = calc_rot_array( 200 );

    if( temp < 0 ) {
        return 0;
    }
    if( temp > 150 ) {
        return 21240;
    }
    return rot_chart[temp];
}

void item::calc_rot( time_point time, int temp )
{
    if( !goes_bad() ) {
        return;
    }
    // Avoid needlessly calculating already rotten things.  Corpses should
    // always rot away and food rots away at twice the shelf life.  If the food
    // is in a sealed container they won't rot away, this avoids needlessly
    // calculating their rot in that case.
    if( !is_corpse() && get_relative_rot() > 2.0 ) {
        last_rot_check = time;
        return;
    }

    if( item_tags.count( "FROZEN" ) ) {
        last_rot_check = time;
        return;
    }
    // rot modifier
    float factor = 1.0;
    if( is_corpse() && has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS" ) ) {
        factor = 0.75;
    }

    if( item_tags.count( "COLD" ) ) {
        temp = temperatures::fridge;
    }

    // simulation of different age of food at the start of the game and good/bad storage
    // conditions by applying starting variation bonus/penalty of +/- 20% of base shelf-life
    // positive = food was produced some time before calendar::start and/or bad storage
    // negative = food was stored in good conditions before calendar::start
    if( last_rot_check <= calendar::start_of_cataclysm ) {
        time_duration spoil_variation = get_shelf_life() * 0.2f;
        rot += rng( -spoil_variation, spoil_variation );
    }

    time_duration time_delta = time - last_rot_check;
    rot += factor * time_delta / 1_hours * get_hourly_rotpoints_at_temp( temp ) * 1_turns;
    last_rot_check = time;
}

void item::calc_rot_while_processing( time_duration processing_duration )
{
    if( !item_tags.count( "PROCESSING" ) ) {
        debugmsg( "calc_rot_while_processing called on non smoking item: %s", tname() );
        return;
    }

    // Apply no rot or temperature while smoking
    last_rot_check += processing_duration;
    last_temp_check += processing_duration;
}

units::volume item::get_storage() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->storage : 0_ml;
    }
    units::volume storage = t->storage;
    float mod = get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_storage );
    storage += lround( mod ) * units::legacy_volume_factor;

    return storage;
}

float item::get_weight_capacity_modifier() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return 1;
    }
    return t->weight_capacity_modifier;
}

units::mass item::get_weight_capacity_bonus() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return 0_gram;
    }
    return t->weight_capacity_bonus;
}

int item::get_env_resist( int override_base_resist ) const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->env_resist : 0;
    }
    // modify if item is a gas mask and has filter
    int resist_base = t->env_resist;
    int resist_filter = get_var( "overwrite_env_resist", 0 );
    int resist = std::max( { resist_base, resist_filter, override_base_resist } );

    return lround( resist * get_relative_health() );
}

int item::get_base_env_resist_w_filter() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->env_resist_w_filter : 0;
    }
    return t->env_resist_w_filter;
}

bool item::is_power_armor() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->power_armor : false;
    }
    return t->power_armor;
}

int item::get_encumber( const Character &p ) const
{

    units::volume contents_volume( 0_ml );

    for( const item &e : contents ) {
        contents_volume += e.volume();
    }

    if( p.is_worn( *this ) ) {
        const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();

        if( t != nullptr && t->max_encumber != 0 ) {
            units::volume char_storage( 0_ml );

            for( const item &e : p.worn ) {
                char_storage += e.get_storage();
            }

            if( char_storage != 0_ml ) {
                // Cast up to 64 to prevent overflow. Dividing before would prevent this but lose data.
                contents_volume += units::from_milliliter( static_cast<int64_t>( t->storage.value() ) *
                                   p.inv.volume().value() / char_storage.value() );
            }
        }
    }

    return get_encumber_when_containing( p, contents_volume );
}

int item::get_encumber_when_containing(
    const Character &p, const units::volume &contents_volume ) const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        // handle wearable guns (e.g. shoulder strap) as special case
        return is_gun() ? volume() / 750_ml : 0;
    }
    int encumber = t->encumber;

    // Non-rigid items add additional encumbrance proportional to their volume
    if( !type->rigid ) {
        const int capacity = get_total_capacity().value();

        if( t->max_encumber != 0 ) {

            if( capacity > 0 ) {
                // Cast up to 64 to prevent overflow. Dividing before would prevent this but lose data.
                encumber += static_cast<int64_t>( t->max_encumber - t->encumber ) * contents_volume.value() /
                            capacity;
            } else {
                debugmsg( "Non-rigid item (%s) without storage capacity.", tname() );
            }
        } else {
            encumber += contents_volume / 250_ml;
        }
    }


    // Fit checked before changes, fitting shouldn't reduce penalties from patching.
    if( has_flag( "FIT" ) && has_flag( "VARSIZE" ) ) {
        encumber = std::max( encumber / 2, encumber - 10 );
    }

    //TODO: Should probably have sizing affect coverage
    const sizing sizing_level = get_sizing( p, encumber != 0 );
    switch( sizing_level ) {
        case sizing::small_sized_human_char:
        case sizing::small_sized_big_char:
            // non small characters have a HARD time wearing undersized clothing
            encumber *= 3;
            break;
        case sizing::human_sized_small_char:
        case sizing::big_sized_small_char:
            // clothes bag up around smol characters and encumber them more
            encumber *= 2;
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    encumber += static_cast<int>( std::ceil( get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_encumbrance ) ) );

    return encumber;
}

layer_level item::get_layer() const
{
    if( type->armor ) {
        // We assume that an item will never have per-item flags defining its
        // layer, so we can defer to the itype.
        return type->layer;
    }

    if( has_flag( "PERSONAL" ) ) {
        return PERSONAL_LAYER;
    } else if( has_flag( "SKINTIGHT" ) ) {
        return UNDERWEAR_LAYER;
    } else if( has_flag( "WAIST" ) ) {
        return WAIST_LAYER;
    } else if( has_flag( "OUTER" ) ) {
        return OUTER_LAYER;
    } else if( has_flag( "BELTED" ) ) {
        return BELTED_LAYER;
    } else if( has_flag( "AURA" ) ) {
        return AURA_LAYER;
    } else {
        return REGULAR_LAYER;
    }
}

int item::get_coverage() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return 0;
    }
    return t->coverage;
}

int item::get_thickness() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->thickness : 0;
    }
    return t->thickness;
}

int item::get_warmth() const
{
    const islot_armor *t = find_armor_data();
    if( t == nullptr ) {
        return 0;
    }
    int result = t->warmth;

    result += get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_warmth );

    return result;
}

units::volume item::get_pet_armor_max_vol() const
{
    return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->max_vol : 0_ml;
}

units::volume item::get_pet_armor_min_vol() const
{
    return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->min_vol : 0_ml;
}

std::string item::get_pet_armor_bodytype() const
{
    return is_pet_armor() ? type->pet_armor->bodytype : "";
}

time_duration item::brewing_time() const
{
    return is_brewable() ? type->brewable->time * calendar::season_from_default_ratio() : 0_turns;
}

const std::vector<itype_id> &item::brewing_results() const
{
    static const std::vector<itype_id> nulresult{};
    return is_brewable() ? type->brewable->results : nulresult;
}

bool item::can_revive() const
{
    return is_corpse() && corpse->has_flag( MF_REVIVES ) && damage() < max_damage() &&
           !( has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS" ) || has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS_FAILED" ) || has_flag( "QUARTERED" ) ||
              has_flag( "SKINNED" ) || has_flag( "PULPED" ) );
}

bool item::ready_to_revive( const tripoint &pos ) const
{
    if( !can_revive() ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( g->m.veh_at( pos ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( !calendar::once_every( 1_seconds ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    int age_in_hours = to_hours<int>( age() );
    age_in_hours -= static_cast<int>( static_cast<float>( burnt ) / ( volume() / 250_ml ) );
    if( damage_level( 4 ) > 0 ) {
        age_in_hours /= ( damage_level( 4 ) + 1 );
    }
    int rez_factor = 48 - age_in_hours;
    if( age_in_hours > 6 && ( rez_factor <= 0 || one_in( rez_factor ) ) ) {
        // If we're a special revival zombie, wait to get up until the player is nearby.
        const bool isReviveSpecial = has_flag( "REVIVE_SPECIAL" );
        if( isReviveSpecial ) {
            const int distance = rl_dist( pos, g->u.pos() );
            if( distance > 3 ) {
                return false;
            }
            if( !one_in( distance + 1 ) ) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool item::is_money() const
{
    return ammo_types().count( ammotype( "money" ) );
}

bool item::count_by_charges() const
{
    return type->count_by_charges();
}

int item::count() const
{
    return count_by_charges() ? charges : 1;
}

bool item::craft_has_charges()
{
    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        return true;
    } else if( ammo_types().empty() ) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
// Deal with MSVC compiler bug (#17791, #17958)
#pragma optimize( "", off )
#endif

int item::bash_resist( bool to_self ) const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    float resist = 0;
    float mod = get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_bash );
    int eff_thickness = 1;

    // Armor gets an additional multiplier.
    if( is_armor() || is_pet_armor() ) {
        // base resistance
        // Don't give reinforced items +armor, just more resistance to ripping
        const int dmg = damage_level( 4 );
        const int eff_damage = to_self ? std::min( dmg, 0 ) : std::max( dmg, 0 );
        eff_thickness = std::max( 1, get_thickness() - eff_damage );
    }

    const std::vector<const material_type *> mat_types = made_of_types();
    if( !mat_types.empty() ) {
        for( const material_type *mat : mat_types ) {
            resist += mat->bash_resist();
        }
        // Average based on number of materials.
        resist /= mat_types.size();
    }

    return lround( ( resist * eff_thickness ) + mod );
}

int item::cut_resist( bool to_self ) const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    const int base_thickness = get_thickness();
    float resist = 0;
    float mod = get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_cut );
    int eff_thickness = 1;

    // Armor gets an additional multiplier.
    if( is_armor() ) {
        // base resistance
        // Don't give reinforced items +armor, just more resistance to ripping
        const int dmg = damage_level( 4 );
        const int eff_damage = to_self ? std::min( dmg, 0 ) : std::max( dmg, 0 );
        eff_thickness = std::max( 1, base_thickness - eff_damage );
    }

    const std::vector<const material_type *> mat_types = made_of_types();
    if( !mat_types.empty() ) {
        for( const material_type *mat : mat_types ) {
            resist += mat->cut_resist();
        }
        // Average based on number of materials.
        resist /= mat_types.size();
    }

    return lround( ( resist * eff_thickness ) + mod );
}

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma optimize( "", on )
#endif

int item::stab_resist( bool to_self ) const
{
    // Better than hardcoding it in multiple places
    return static_cast<int>( 0.8f * cut_resist( to_self ) );
}

int item::acid_resist( bool to_self, int base_env_resist ) const
{
    if( to_self ) {
        // Currently no items are damaged by acid
        return INT_MAX;
    }

    float resist = 0.0;
    float mod = get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_acid );
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0.0;
    }

    const std::vector<const material_type *> mat_types = made_of_types();
    if( !mat_types.empty() ) {
        // Not sure why cut and bash get an armor thickness bonus but acid doesn't,
        // but such is the way of the code.

        for( const material_type *mat : mat_types ) {
            resist += mat->acid_resist();
        }
        // Average based on number of materials.
        resist /= mat_types.size();
    }

    const int env = get_env_resist( base_env_resist );
    if( env < 10 ) {
        // Low env protection means it doesn't prevent acid seeping in.
        resist *= env / 10.0f;
    }

    return lround( resist + mod );
}

int item::fire_resist( bool to_self, int base_env_resist ) const
{
    if( to_self ) {
        // Fire damages items in a different way
        return INT_MAX;
    }

    float resist = 0.0;
    float mod = get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type_fire );
    if( is_null() ) {
        return 0.0;
    }

    const std::vector<const material_type *> mat_types = made_of_types();
    if( !mat_types.empty() ) {
        for( const material_type *mat : mat_types ) {
            resist += mat->fire_resist();
        }
        // Average based on number of materials.
        resist /= mat_types.size();
    }

    const int env = get_env_resist( base_env_resist );
    if( env < 10 ) {
        // Iron resists immersion in magma, iron-clad knight won't.
        resist *= env / 10.0f;
    }

    return lround( resist + mod );
}

int item::chip_resistance( bool worst ) const
{
    int res = worst ? INT_MAX : INT_MIN;
    for( const material_type *mat : made_of_types() ) {
        const int val = mat->chip_resist();
        res = worst ? std::min( res, val ) : std::max( res, val );
    }

    if( res == INT_MAX || res == INT_MIN ) {
        return 2;
    }

    if( res <= 0 ) {
        return 0;
    }

    return res;
}

int item::min_damage() const
{
    return type->damage_min();
}

int item::max_damage() const
{
    return type->damage_max();
}

float item::get_relative_health() const
{
    return ( max_damage() + 1.0f - damage() ) / ( max_damage() + 1.0f );
}

bool item::mod_damage( int qty, damage_type dt )
{
    bool destroy = false;

    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        charges -= std::min( type->stack_size * qty / itype::damage_scale, charges );
        destroy |= charges == 0;
    }

    if( qty > 0 ) {
        on_damage( qty, dt );
    }

    if( !count_by_charges() ) {
        destroy |= damage_ + qty > max_damage();

        damage_ = std::max( std::min( damage_ + qty, max_damage() ), min_damage() );
    }

    return destroy;
}

bool item::mod_damage( const int qty )
{
    return mod_damage( qty, DT_NULL );
}

bool item::inc_damage( const damage_type dt )
{
    return mod_damage( itype::damage_scale, dt );
}

bool item::inc_damage()
{
    return inc_damage( DT_NULL );
}

nc_color item::damage_color() const
{
    // TODO: unify with veh_interact::countDurability
    switch( damage_level( 4 ) ) {
        default: // reinforced
            if( damage() <= min_damage() ) { // fully reinforced
                return c_green;
            } else {
                return c_light_green;
            }
        case 0:
            return c_light_green;
        case 1:
            return c_yellow;
        case 2:
            return c_magenta;
        case 3:
            return c_light_red;
        case 4:
            if( damage() >= max_damage() ) {
                return c_dark_gray;
            } else {
                return c_red;
            }
    }
}

std::string item::damage_symbol() const
{
    switch( damage_level( 4 ) ) {
        default: // reinforced
            return _( R"(++)" );
        case 0:
            return _( R"(||)" );
        case 1:
            return _( R"(|\)" );
        case 2:
            return _( R"(|.)" );
        case 3:
            return _( R"(\.)" );
        case 4:
            if( damage() >= max_damage() ) {
                return _( R"(XX)" );
            } else {
                return _( R"(..)" );
            }

    }
}

std::string item::durability_indicator( bool include_intact ) const
{
    std::string outputstring;

    if( damage() < 0 )  {
        if( get_option<bool>( "ITEM_HEALTH_BAR" ) ) {
            outputstring = colorize( damage_symbol() + " ", damage_color() );
        } else if( is_gun() ) {
            outputstring = pgettext( "damage adjective", "accurized " );
        } else {
            outputstring = pgettext( "damage adjective", "reinforced " );
        }
    } else if( has_flag( "CORPSE" ) ) {
        if( damage() > 0 ) {
            switch( damage_level( 4 ) ) {
                case 1:
                    outputstring = pgettext( "damage adjective", "bruised " );
                    break;
                case 2:
                    outputstring = pgettext( "damage adjective", "damaged " );
                    break;
                case 3:
                    outputstring = pgettext( "damage adjective", "mangled " );
                    break;
                default:
                    outputstring = pgettext( "damage adjective", "pulped " );
                    break;
            }
        }
    } else if( get_option<bool>( "ITEM_HEALTH_BAR" ) ) {
        outputstring = colorize( damage_symbol() + " ", damage_color() );
    } else {
        outputstring = string_format( "%s ", get_base_material().dmg_adj( damage_level( 4 ) ) );
        if( include_intact && outputstring == " " ) {
            outputstring = _( "fully intact " );
        }
    }

    return  outputstring;
}

const std::set<itype_id> &item::repaired_with() const
{
    static std::set<itype_id> no_repair;
    return has_flag( "NO_REPAIR" )  ? no_repair : type->repair;
}

void item::mitigate_damage( damage_unit &du ) const
{
    const resistances res = resistances( *this );
    const float mitigation = res.get_effective_resist( du );
    du.amount -= mitigation;
    du.amount = std::max( 0.0f, du.amount );
}

int item::damage_resist( damage_type dt, bool to_self ) const
{
    switch( dt ) {
        case DT_NULL:
        case NUM_DT:
            return 0;
        case DT_TRUE:
        case DT_BIOLOGICAL:
        case DT_ELECTRIC:
        case DT_COLD:
            // Currently hardcoded:
            // Items can never be damaged by those types
            // But they provide 0 protection from them
            return to_self ? INT_MAX : 0;
        case DT_BASH:
            return bash_resist( to_self );
        case DT_CUT:
            return cut_resist( to_self );
        case DT_ACID:
            return acid_resist( to_self );
        case DT_STAB:
            return stab_resist( to_self );
        case DT_HEAT:
            return fire_resist( to_self );
        default:
            debugmsg( "Invalid damage type: %d", dt );
    }

    return 0;
}

bool item::is_two_handed( const Character &guy ) const
{
    if( has_flag( "ALWAYS_TWOHAND" ) ) {
        return true;
    }
    ///\EFFECT_STR determines which weapons can be wielded with one hand
    return ( ( weight() / 113_gram ) > guy.str_cur * 4 );
}

const std::vector<material_id> &item::made_of() const
{
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return corpse->mat;
    }
    return type->materials;
}

const std::map<quality_id, int> &item::quality_of() const
{
    return type->qualities;
}

std::vector<const material_type *> item::made_of_types() const
{
    std::vector<const material_type *> material_types_composed_of;
    for( const material_id &mat_id : made_of() ) {
        material_types_composed_of.push_back( &mat_id.obj() );
    }
    return material_types_composed_of;
}

bool item::made_of_any( const std::set<material_id> &mat_idents ) const
{
    const std::vector<material_id> &mats = made_of();
    if( mats.empty() ) {
        return false;
    }

    return std::any_of( mats.begin(), mats.end(), [&mat_idents]( const material_id & e ) {
        return mat_idents.count( e );
    } );
}

bool item::only_made_of( const std::set<material_id> &mat_idents ) const
{
    const std::vector<material_id> &mats = made_of();
    if( mats.empty() ) {
        return false;
    }

    return std::all_of( mats.begin(), mats.end(), [&mat_idents]( const material_id & e ) {
        return mat_idents.count( e );
    } );
}

bool item::made_of( const material_id &mat_ident ) const
{
    const std::vector<material_id> &materials = made_of();
    return std::find( materials.begin(), materials.end(), mat_ident ) != materials.end();
}

bool item::contents_made_of( const phase_id phase ) const
{
    return !contents.empty() && contents.front().made_of( phase );
}

bool item::made_of( phase_id phase ) const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return false;
    }
    return current_phase == phase;
}

bool item::made_of_from_type( phase_id phase ) const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return false;
    }
    return type->phase == phase;
}

bool item::conductive() const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return false;
    }

    if( has_flag( "CONDUCTIVE" ) ) {
        return true;
    }

    if( has_flag( "NONCONDUCTIVE" ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    // If any material has electricity resistance equal to or lower than flesh (1) we are conductive.
    const std::vector<const material_type *> &mats = made_of_types();
    return std::any_of( mats.begin(), mats.end(), []( const material_type * mt ) {
        return mt->elec_resist() <= 1;
    } );
}

bool item::reinforceable() const
{
    if( is_null() || has_flag( "NO_REPAIR" ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    // If a material is reinforceable, so are we
    const std::vector<const material_type *> &mats = made_of_types();
    return std::any_of( mats.begin(), mats.end(), []( const material_type * mt ) {
        return mt->reinforces();
    } );
}

bool item::destroyed_at_zero_charges() const
{
    return ( is_ammo() || is_food() );
}

bool item::is_gun() const
{
    return type->gun.has_value();
}

bool item::is_firearm() const
{
    static const std::string primitive_flag( "PRIMITIVE_RANGED_WEAPON" );
    return is_gun() && !has_flag( primitive_flag );
}

int item::get_reload_time() const
{
    if( !is_gun() && !is_magazine() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    int reload_time = is_gun() ? type->gun->reload_time : type->magazine->reload_time;
    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        reload_time = static_cast<int>( reload_time * ( 100 + mod->type->gunmod->reload_modifier ) / 100 );
    }

    return reload_time;
}

bool item::is_silent() const
{
    return gun_noise().volume < 5;
}

bool item::is_gunmod() const
{
    return type->gunmod.has_value();
}

bool item::is_bionic() const
{
    return type->bionic.has_value();
}

bool item::is_magazine() const
{
    return type->magazine.has_value();
}

bool item::is_battery() const
{
    return type->battery.has_value();
}

bool item::is_ammo_belt() const
{
    return is_magazine() && has_flag( "MAG_BELT" );
}

bool item::is_bandolier() const
{
    return type->can_use( "bandolier" );
}

bool item::is_holster() const
{
    return type->can_use( "holster" );
}

bool item::is_ammo() const
{
    return type->ammo.has_value();
}

bool item::is_comestible() const
{
    return get_comestible().has_value();
}

bool item::is_food() const
{
    return is_comestible() && ( get_comestible()->comesttype == "FOOD" ||
                                get_comestible()->comesttype == "DRINK" );
}

bool item::is_medication() const
{
    return is_comestible() && get_comestible()->comesttype == "MED";
}

bool item::is_brewable() const
{
    return type->brewable.has_value();
}

bool item::is_food_container() const
{
    return ( !contents.empty() && contents.front().is_food() ) || ( is_craft() &&
            making->create_result().is_food_container() );
}

bool item::has_temperature() const
{
    return is_food() || is_corpse();
}

bool item::is_med_container() const
{
    return !contents.empty() && contents.front().is_medication();
}

bool item::is_corpse() const
{
    return corpse != nullptr && has_flag( "CORPSE" );
}

const mtype *item::get_mtype() const
{
    return corpse;
}

float item::get_specific_heat_liquid() const
{
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return made_of_types()[0]->specific_heat_liquid();
    }
    // If it is not a corpse it is a food
    return get_comestible()->specific_heat_liquid;
}

float item::get_specific_heat_solid() const
{
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return made_of_types()[0]->specific_heat_solid();
    }
    // If it is not a corpse it is a food
    return get_comestible()->specific_heat_solid;
}

float item::get_latent_heat() const
{
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return made_of_types()[0]->latent_heat();
    }
    // If it is not a corpse it is a food
    return get_comestible()->latent_heat;
}

float item::get_freeze_point() const
{
    if( is_corpse() ) {
        return made_of_types()[0]->freeze_point();
    }
    // If it is not a corpse it is a food
    return get_comestible()->freeze_point;
}

void item::set_mtype( const mtype *const m )
{
    // This is potentially dangerous, e.g. for corpse items, which *must* have a valid mtype pointer.
    if( m == nullptr ) {
        debugmsg( "setting item::corpse of %s to NULL", tname() );
        return;
    }
    corpse = m;
}

bool item::is_ammo_container() const
{
    return !is_magazine() && !contents.empty() && contents.front().is_ammo();
}

bool item::is_melee() const
{
    for( int idx = DT_NULL + 1; idx != NUM_DT; ++idx ) {
        if( is_melee( static_cast<damage_type>( idx ) ) ) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool item::is_melee( damage_type dt ) const
{
    return damage_melee( dt ) > MELEE_STAT;
}

const islot_armor *item::find_armor_data() const
{
    if( type->armor ) {
        return &*type->armor;
    }
    // Currently the only way to make a non-armor item into armor is to install a gun mod.
    // The gunmods are stored in the items contents, as are the contents of a container, and the
    // tools in a tool belt (a container actually), or the ammo in a quiver (container again).
    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        if( mod->type->armor ) {
            return &*mod->type->armor;
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

bool item::is_pet_armor( bool on_pet ) const
{
    bool is_worn = on_pet && !get_var( "pet_armor", "" ).empty();
    return has_flag( "IS_PET_ARMOR" ) && ( is_worn || !on_pet );
}

bool item::is_armor() const
{
    return find_armor_data() != nullptr || has_flag( "IS_ARMOR" );
}

bool item::is_book() const
{
    return type->book.has_value();
}

bool item::is_map() const
{
    return get_category().id() == "maps";
}

bool item::is_container() const
{
    return type->container.has_value();
}

bool item::is_watertight_container() const
{
    return type->container && type->container->watertight && type->container->seals;
}

bool item::is_non_resealable_container() const
{
    return type->container && !type->container->seals && type->container->unseals_into != "null";
}

bool item::is_bucket() const
{
    // That "preserves" part is a hack:
    // Currently all non-empty cans are effectively sealed at all times
    // Making them buckets would cause weirdness
    return type->container &&
           type->container->watertight &&
           !type->container->seals &&
           type->container->unseals_into == "null";
}

bool item::is_bucket_nonempty() const
{
    return is_bucket() && !is_container_empty();
}

bool item::is_engine() const
{
    return type->engine.has_value();
}

bool item::is_wheel() const
{
    return type->wheel.has_value();
}

bool item::is_fuel() const
{
    return type->fuel.has_value();
}

bool item::is_toolmod() const
{
    return !is_gunmod() && type->mod;
}

bool item::is_faulty() const
{
    return is_engine() ? !faults.empty() : false;
}

bool item::is_irremovable() const
{
    return has_flag( "IRREMOVABLE" );
}

std::set<fault_id> item::faults_potential() const
{
    std::set<fault_id> res;
    res.insert( type->faults.begin(), type->faults.end() );
    return res;
}

int item::wheel_area() const
{
    return is_wheel() ? type->wheel->diameter * type->wheel->width : 0;
}

float item::fuel_energy() const
{
    return is_fuel() ? type->fuel->energy : 0.0f;
}

std::string item::fuel_pump_terrain() const
{
    return is_fuel() ? type->fuel->pump_terrain : "t_null";
}

bool item::has_explosion_data() const
{
    return is_fuel() ? type->fuel->has_explode_data : false;
}

struct fuel_explosion item::get_explosion_data()
{
    static struct fuel_explosion null_data;
    return has_explosion_data() ? type->fuel->explosion_data : null_data;
}

bool item::is_container_empty() const
{
    return contents.empty();
}

bool item::is_container_full( bool allow_bucket ) const
{
    if( is_container_empty() ) {
        return false;
    }
    return get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( contents.front(), allow_bucket ) == 0;
}

bool item::can_unload_liquid() const
{
    if( is_container_empty() ) {
        return true;
    }

    const item &cts = contents.front();
    bool cts_is_frozen_liquid = cts.made_of_from_type( LIQUID ) && cts.made_of( SOLID );
    return is_bucket() || !cts_is_frozen_liquid;
}

bool item::can_reload_with( const itype_id &ammo ) const
{
    return is_reloadable_helper( ammo, false );
}

bool item::is_reloadable_with( const itype_id &ammo ) const
{
    return is_reloadable_helper( ammo, true );
}

bool item::is_reloadable_helper( const itype_id &ammo, bool now ) const
{
    // empty ammo is passed for listing possible ammo apparently, so it needs to return true.
    if( !is_reloadable() ) {
        return false;
    } else if( is_watertight_container() ) {
        return ( ( now ? !is_container_full() : true ) && ( ammo.empty()
                 || ( find_type( ammo )->phase == LIQUID && ( is_container_empty()
                         || contents.front().typeId() == ammo ) ) ) );
    } else if( magazine_integral() ) {
        if( !ammo.empty() ) {
            if( ammo_data() ) {
                if( ammo_current() != ammo ) {
                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                const itype *at = find_type( ammo );
                if( ( !at->ammo || !ammo_types().count( at->ammo->type ) ) &&
                    !magazine_compatible().count( ammo ) ) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return now ? ( ammo_remaining() < ammo_capacity() ) : true;
    } else {
        return ammo.empty() ? true : magazine_compatible().count( ammo );
    }
}

bool item::is_salvageable() const
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return false;
    }
    const std::vector<material_id> &mats = made_of();
    if( std::none_of( mats.begin(), mats.end(), []( const material_id & m ) {
    return m->salvaged_into().has_value();
    } ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    return !has_flag( "NO_SALVAGE" );
}

bool item::is_craft() const
{
    return making != nullptr;
}

bool item::is_funnel_container( units::volume &bigger_than ) const
{
    if( !is_bucket() && !is_watertight_container() ) {
        return false;
    }
    // TODO: consider linking funnel to item or -making- it an active item
    if( get_container_capacity() <= bigger_than ) {
        return false; // skip contents check, performance
    }
    if(
        contents.empty() ||
        contents.front().typeId() == "water" ||
        contents.front().typeId() == "water_acid" ||
        contents.front().typeId() == "water_acid_weak" ) {
        bigger_than = get_container_capacity();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool item::is_emissive() const
{
    return light.luminance > 0 || type->light_emission > 0;
}

bool item::is_deployable() const
{
    return type->can_use( "deploy_furn" );
}

bool item::is_tool() const
{
    return type->tool.has_value();
}

bool item::is_transformable() const
{
    return type->use_methods.find( "transform" ) != type->use_methods.end();
}

bool item::is_artifact() const
{
    return type->artifact.has_value();
}

bool item::is_relic() const
{
    return relic_data.has_value();
}

std::vector<enchantment> item::get_enchantments() const
{
    if( !is_relic() ) {
        return std::vector<enchantment> {};
    }
    return relic_data->get_enchantments();
}

bool item::can_contain( const item &it ) const
{
    // TODO: Volume check
    return can_contain( *it.type );
}

bool item::can_contain( const itype &tp ) const
{
    if( !type->container ) {
        // TODO: Tools etc.
        return false;
    }

    if( tp.phase == LIQUID && !type->container->watertight ) {
        return false;
    }

    // TODO: Acid in waterskins
    return true;
}

const item &item::get_contained() const
{
    if( contents.empty() ) {
        return null_item_reference();
    }
    return contents.front();
}

bool item::spill_contents( Character &c )
{
    if( !is_container() || is_container_empty() ) {
        return true;
    }

    if( c.is_npc() ) {
        return spill_contents( c.pos() );
    }

    while( !contents.empty() ) {
        on_contents_changed();
        if( contents_made_of( LIQUID ) ) {
            if( !liquid_handler::handle_liquid_from_container( *this, 1 ) ) {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            c.i_add_or_drop( contents.front() );
            contents.erase( contents.begin() );
        }
    }

    return true;
}

bool item::spill_contents( const tripoint &pos )
{
    if( !is_container() || is_container_empty() ) {
        return true;
    }

    for( item &it : contents ) {
        g->m.add_item_or_charges( pos, it );
    }

    contents.clear();
    return true;
}

int item::get_chapters() const
{
    if( !type->book ) {
        return 0;
    }
    return type->book->chapters;
}

int item::get_remaining_chapters( const player &u ) const
{
    const std::string var = string_format( "remaining-chapters-%d", u.getID().get_value() );
    return get_var( var, get_chapters() );
}

void item::mark_chapter_as_read( const player &u )
{
    const std::string var = string_format( "remaining-chapters-%d", u.getID().get_value() );
    if( type->book && type->book->chapters == 0 ) {
        // books without chapters will always have remaining chapters == 0, so we don't need to store them
        erase_var( var );
        return;
    }
    const int remain = std::max( 0, get_remaining_chapters( u ) - 1 );
    set_var( var, remain );
}

std::vector<std::pair<const recipe *, int>> item::get_available_recipes( const player &u ) const
{
    std::vector<std::pair<const recipe *, int>> recipe_entries;
    if( is_book() ) {
        // NPCs don't need to identify books
        // TODO: remove this cast
        if( const avatar *a = dynamic_cast<const avatar *>( &u ) ) {
            if( !a->has_identified( typeId() ) ) {
                return recipe_entries;
            }
        }

        for( const islot_book::recipe_with_description_t &elem : type->book->recipes ) {
            if( u.get_skill_level( elem.recipe->skill_used ) >= elem.skill_level ) {
                recipe_entries.push_back( std::make_pair( elem.recipe, elem.skill_level ) );
            }
        }
    } else if( has_var( "EIPC_RECIPES" ) ) {
        // See einkpc_download_memory_card() in iuse.cpp where this is set.
        const std::string recipes = get_var( "EIPC_RECIPES" );
        // Capture the index one past the delimiter, i.e. start of target string.
        size_t first_string_index = recipes.find_first_of( ',' ) + 1;
        while( first_string_index != std::string::npos ) {
            size_t next_string_index = recipes.find_first_of( ',', first_string_index );
            if( next_string_index == std::string::npos ) {
                break;
            }
            std::string new_recipe = recipes.substr( first_string_index,
                                     next_string_index - first_string_index );
            const recipe *r = &recipe_id( new_recipe ).obj();
            if( u.get_skill_level( r->skill_used ) >= r->difficulty ) {
                recipe_entries.push_back( std::make_pair( r, r->difficulty ) );
            }
            first_string_index = next_string_index + 1;
        }
    }
    return recipe_entries;
}

const material_type &item::get_random_material() const
{
    return random_entry( made_of(), material_id::NULL_ID() ).obj();
}

const material_type &item::get_base_material() const
{
    const std::vector<material_id> &mats = made_of();
    return mats.empty() ? material_id::NULL_ID().obj() : mats.front().obj();
}

bool item::operator<( const item &other ) const
{
    const item_category &cat_a = get_category();
    const item_category &cat_b = other.get_category();
    if( cat_a != cat_b ) {
        return cat_a < cat_b;
    } else {
        const item *me = is_container() && !contents.empty() ? &contents.front() : this;
        const item *rhs = other.is_container() &&
                          !other.contents.empty() ? &other.contents.front() : &other;

        if( me->typeId() == rhs->typeId() ) {
            if( me->is_money() ) {
                return me->charges > rhs->charges;
            }
            return me->charges < rhs->charges;
        } else {
            std::string n1 = me->type->nname( 1 );
            std::string n2 = rhs->type->nname( 1 );
            return std::lexicographical_compare( n1.begin(), n1.end(),
                                                 n2.begin(), n2.end(), sort_case_insensitive_less() );
        }
    }
}

skill_id item::gun_skill() const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return skill_id::NULL_ID();
    }
    return type->gun->skill_used;
}

gun_type_type item::gun_type() const
{
    static skill_id skill_archery( "archery" );

    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return gun_type_type( std::string() );
    }
    // TODO: move to JSON and remove extraction of this from "GUN" (via skill id)
    //and from "GUNMOD" (via "mod_targets") in lang/extract_json_strings.py
    if( gun_skill() == skill_archery ) {
        if( ammo_types().count( ammotype( "bolt" ) ) || typeId() == "bullet_crossbow" ) {
            return gun_type_type( translate_marker_context( "gun_type_type", "crossbow" ) );
        } else {
            return gun_type_type( translate_marker_context( "gun_type_type", "bow" ) );
        }
    }
    return gun_type_type( gun_skill().str() );
}

skill_id item::melee_skill() const
{
    if( !is_melee() ) {
        return skill_id::NULL_ID();
    }

    if( has_flag( "UNARMED_WEAPON" ) ) {
        return skill_unarmed;
    }

    int hi = 0;
    skill_id res = skill_id::NULL_ID();

    for( int idx = DT_NULL + 1; idx != NUM_DT; ++idx ) {
        const int val = damage_melee( static_cast<damage_type>( idx ) );
        const skill_id &sk  = skill_by_dt( static_cast<damage_type>( idx ) );
        if( val > hi && sk ) {
            hi = val;
            res = sk;
        }
    }

    return res;
}

int item::gun_dispersion( bool with_ammo, bool with_scaling ) const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return 0;
    }
    int dispersion_sum = type->gun->dispersion;
    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        dispersion_sum += mod->type->gunmod->dispersion;
    }
    int dispPerDamage = get_option< int >( "DISPERSION_PER_GUN_DAMAGE" );
    dispersion_sum += damage_level( 4 ) * dispPerDamage;
    dispersion_sum = std::max( dispersion_sum, 0 );
    if( with_ammo && ammo_data() ) {
        dispersion_sum += ammo_data()->ammo->dispersion;
    }
    if( !with_scaling ) {
        return dispersion_sum;
    }

    // Dividing dispersion by 15 temporarily as a gross adjustment,
    // will bake that adjustment into individual gun definitions in the future.
    // Absolute minimum gun dispersion is 1.
    double divider = get_option< float >( "GUN_DISPERSION_DIVIDER" );
    dispersion_sum = std::max( static_cast<int>( std::round( dispersion_sum / divider ) ), 1 );

    return dispersion_sum;
}

int item::sight_dispersion() const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    int res = has_flag( "DISABLE_SIGHTS" ) ? 90 : type->gun->sight_dispersion;

    for( const item *e : gunmods() ) {
        const islot_gunmod &mod = *e->type->gunmod;
        if( mod.sight_dispersion < 0 || mod.aim_speed < 0 ) {
            continue; // skip gunmods which don't provide a sight
        }
        res = std::min( res, mod.sight_dispersion );
    }

    return res;
}

damage_instance item::gun_damage( bool with_ammo ) const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return damage_instance();
    }
    damage_instance ret = type->gun->damage;

    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        ret.add( mod->type->gunmod->damage );
    }

    if( with_ammo && ammo_data() ) {
        if( ammo_data()->ammo->prop_damage ) {
            for( damage_unit &elem : ret.damage_units ) {
                if( elem.type == DT_STAB ) {
                    elem.amount *= *ammo_data()->ammo->prop_damage;
                    elem.res_pen = ammo_data()->ammo->legacy_pierce;
                }
            }
        } else {
            ret.add( ammo_data()->ammo->damage );
        }
    }

    int item_damage = damage_level( 4 );
    if( item_damage > 0 ) {
        // TODO: This isn't a good solution for multi-damage guns/ammos
        for( damage_unit &du : ret ) {
            du.amount -= item_damage * 2;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

int item::gun_recoil( const player &p, bool bipod ) const
{
    if( !is_gun() || ( ammo_required() && !ammo_remaining() ) ) {
        return 0;
    }

    ///\EFFECT_STR improves the handling of heavier weapons
    // we consider only base weight to avoid exploits
    double wt = std::min( type->weight, p.str_cur * 333_gram ) / 333.0_gram;

    double handling = type->gun->handling;
    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        if( bipod || !mod->has_flag( "BIPOD" ) ) {
            handling += mod->type->gunmod->handling;
        }
    }

    // rescale from JSON units which are intentionally specified as integral values
    handling /= 10;

    // algorithm is biased so heavier weapons benefit more from improved handling
    handling = pow( wt, 0.8 ) * pow( handling, 1.2 );

    int qty = type->gun->recoil;
    if( ammo_data() ) {
        qty += ammo_data()->ammo->recoil;
    }

    // handling could be either a bonus or penalty dependent upon installed mods
    if( handling > 1.0 ) {
        return qty / handling;
    } else {
        return qty * ( 1.0 + std::abs( handling ) );
    }
}

int item::gun_range( bool with_ammo ) const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return 0;
    }
    int ret = type->gun->range;
    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        ret += mod->type->gunmod->range;
    }
    if( with_ammo && ammo_data() ) {
        ret += ammo_data()->ammo->range;
    }
    return std::min( std::max( 0, ret ), RANGE_HARD_CAP );
}

int item::gun_range( const player *p ) const
{
    int ret = gun_range( true );
    if( p == nullptr ) {
        return ret;
    }
    if( !p->meets_requirements( *this ) ) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Reduce bow range until player has twice minimm required strength
    if( has_flag( "STR_DRAW" ) ) {
        ret += std::max( 0.0, ( p->get_str() - get_min_str() ) * 0.5 );
    }

    return std::max( 0, ret );
}

units::energy item::energy_remaining() const
{
    if( is_battery() ) {
        return energy;
    }

    return 0_J;
}

int item::ammo_remaining() const
{
    const item *mag = magazine_current();
    if( mag ) {
        return mag->ammo_remaining();
    }

    if( is_tool() || is_gun() ) {
        // includes auxiliary gunmods
        if( has_flag( "USES_BIONIC_POWER" ) ) {
            int power = g->u.power_level;
            return power;
        }
        return charges;
    }

    if( is_magazine() || is_bandolier() ) {
        int res = 0;
        for( const item &e : contents ) {
            res += e.charges;
        }
        return res;
    }

    return 0;
}

int item::ammo_capacity() const
{
    return ammo_capacity( false );
}

int item::ammo_capacity( bool potential_capacity ) const
{
    int res = 0;

    const item *mag = magazine_current();
    if( mag ) {
        return mag->ammo_capacity();
    }

    if( is_tool() ) {
        res = type->tool->max_charges;
        if( res == 0 && magazine_default() != "null" && potential_capacity ) {
            res = find_type( magazine_default() )->magazine->capacity;
        }
        for( const item *e : toolmods() ) {
            res *= e->type->mod->capacity_multiplier;
        }
    }

    if( is_gun() ) {
        res = type->gun->clip;
        for( const item *e : gunmods() ) {
            res *= e->type->mod->capacity_multiplier;
        }
    }

    if( is_magazine() ) {
        res = type->magazine->capacity;
    }

    if( is_bandolier() ) {
        return dynamic_cast<const bandolier_actor *>
               ( type->get_use( "bandolier" )->get_actor_ptr() )->capacity;
    }

    return res;
}

int item::ammo_required() const
{
    if( is_tool() ) {
        return std::max( type->charges_to_use(), 0 );
    }

    if( is_gun() ) {
        if( ammo_types().empty() ) {
            return 0;
        } else if( has_flag( "FIRE_100" ) ) {
            return 100;
        } else if( has_flag( "FIRE_50" ) ) {
            return 50;
        } else if( has_flag( "FIRE_20" ) ) {
            return 20;
        } else {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

bool item::ammo_sufficient( int qty ) const
{
    return ammo_remaining() >= ammo_required() * qty;
}

int item::ammo_consume( int qty, const tripoint &pos )
{
    if( qty < 0 ) {
        debugmsg( "Cannot consume negative quantity of ammo for %s", tname() );
        return 0;
    }

    item *mag = magazine_current();
    if( mag ) {
        const int res = mag->ammo_consume( qty, pos );
        if( res && ammo_remaining() == 0 ) {
            if( mag->has_flag( "MAG_DESTROY" ) ) {
                contents.remove_if( [&mag]( const item & e ) {
                    return mag == &e;
                } );
            } else if( mag->has_flag( "MAG_EJECT" ) ) {
                g->m.add_item( pos, *mag );
                contents.remove_if( [&mag]( const item & e ) {
                    return mag == &e;
                } );
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    if( is_magazine() ) {
        int need = qty;
        while( !contents.empty() ) {
            item &e = *contents.rbegin();
            if( need >= e.charges ) {
                need -= e.charges;
                contents.pop_back();
            } else {
                e.charges -= need;
                need = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        return qty - need;

    } else if( is_tool() || is_gun() ) {
        qty = std::min( qty, charges );
        if( has_flag( "USES_BIONIC_POWER" ) ) {
            charges = g->u.power_level;
            g->u.charge_power( -qty );
        }
        charges -= qty;
        if( charges == 0 ) {
            curammo = nullptr;
        }
        return qty;
    }

    return 0;
}

const itype *item::ammo_data() const
{
    const item *mag = magazine_current();
    if( mag ) {
        return mag->ammo_data();
    }

    if( is_ammo() ) {
        return type;
    }

    if( is_magazine() ) {
        return !contents.empty() ? contents.front().ammo_data() : nullptr;
    }

    auto mods = is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods();
    for( const item *e : mods ) {
        if( !e->type->mod->ammo_modifier.empty() && e->ammo_current() != "null" &&
            item_controller->has_template( e->ammo_current() ) ) {
            return item_controller->find_template( e->ammo_current() );
        }
    }

    return curammo;
}

itype_id item::ammo_current() const
{
    const itype *ammo = ammo_data();
    return ammo ? ammo->get_id() : "null";
}

const std::set<ammotype> &item::ammo_types( bool conversion ) const
{
    if( conversion ) {
        const std::vector<const item *> &mods = is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods();
        for( const item *e : mods ) {
            if( !e->type->mod->ammo_modifier.empty() ) {
                return e->type->mod->ammo_modifier;
            }
        }
    }

    if( is_gun() ) {
        return type->gun->ammo;
    } else if( is_tool() ) {
        return type->tool->ammo_id;
    } else if( is_magazine() ) {
        return type->magazine->type;
    }

    static std::set<ammotype> atypes = {};
    return atypes;
}

ammotype item::ammo_type() const
{
    if( is_ammo() ) {
        return type->ammo->type;
    }
    return ammotype::NULL_ID();
}

itype_id item::ammo_default( bool conversion ) const
{
    if( !ammo_types( conversion ).empty() ) {
        itype_id res = ammotype( *ammo_types( conversion ).begin() )->default_ammotype();
        if( !res.empty() ) {
            return res;
        }
    }
    return "NULL";
}

itype_id item::common_ammo_default( bool conversion ) const
{
    if( !ammo_types( conversion ).empty() ) {
        for( const ammotype &at : ammo_types( conversion ) ) {
            const item *mag = magazine_current();
            if( mag && mag->type->magazine->type.count( at ) ) {
                itype_id res = at->default_ammotype();
                if( !res.empty() ) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return "NULL";
}

std::set<std::string> item::ammo_effects( bool with_ammo ) const
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return std::set<std::string>();
    }

    std::set<std::string> res = type->gun->ammo_effects;
    if( with_ammo && ammo_data() ) {
        res.insert( ammo_data()->ammo->ammo_effects.begin(), ammo_data()->ammo->ammo_effects.end() );
    }

    for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
        res.insert( mod->type->gunmod->ammo_effects.begin(), mod->type->gunmod->ammo_effects.end() );
    }

    return res;
}

std::string item::ammo_sort_name() const
{
    if( is_magazine() || is_gun() || is_tool() ) {
        const std::set<ammotype> &types = ammo_types();
        if( !types.empty() ) {
            return ammotype( *types.begin() )->name();
        }
    }
    if( is_ammo() ) {
        return ammo_type()->name();
    }
    return "";
}

bool item::magazine_integral() const
{
    // If a mod sets a magazine type, we're not integral.
    for( const item *m : is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods() ) {
        if( !m->type->mod->magazine_adaptor.empty() ) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // We have an integral magazine if we're a gun with an ammo capacity (clip) or we have no magazines.
    return ( is_gun() && type->gun->clip > 0 ) || type->magazines.empty();
}

itype_id item::magazine_default( bool conversion ) const
{
    if( !ammo_types( conversion ).empty() ) {
        auto mag = type->magazine_default.find( ammotype( *ammo_types( conversion ).begin() ) );
        if( mag != type->magazine_default.end() ) {
            return mag->second;
        }
    }
    return "null";
}

std::set<itype_id> item::magazine_compatible( bool conversion ) const
{
    std::set<itype_id> mags = {};
    // mods that define magazine_adaptor may override the items usual magazines
    const std::vector<const item *> &mods = is_gun() ? gunmods() : toolmods();
    for( const item *m : mods ) {
        if( !m->type->mod->magazine_adaptor.empty() ) {
            for( const ammotype &atype : ammo_types( conversion ) ) {
                if( m->type->mod->magazine_adaptor.count( atype ) ) {
                    std::set<itype_id> magazines_for_atype = m->type->mod->magazine_adaptor.find( atype )->second;
                    mags.insert( magazines_for_atype.begin(), magazines_for_atype.end() );
                }
            }
            return mags;
        }
    }

    for( const ammotype &atype : ammo_types( conversion ) ) {
        if( type->magazines.count( atype ) ) {
            std::set<itype_id> magazines_for_atype = type->magazines.find( atype )->second;
            mags.insert( magazines_for_atype.begin(), magazines_for_atype.end() );
        }
    }
    return mags;
}

item *item::magazine_current()
{
    auto iter = std::find_if( contents.begin(), contents.end(), []( const item & it ) {
        return it.is_magazine();
    } );
    return iter != contents.end() ? &*iter : nullptr;
}

const item *item::magazine_current() const
{
    return const_cast<item *>( this )->magazine_current();
}

std::vector<item *> item::gunmods()
{
    std::vector<item *> res;
    if( is_gun() ) {
        res.reserve( contents.size() );
        for( item &e : contents ) {
            if( e.is_gunmod() ) {
                res.push_back( &e );
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

std::vector<const item *> item::gunmods() const
{
    std::vector<const item *> res;
    if( is_gun() ) {
        res.reserve( contents.size() );
        for( const item &e : contents ) {
            if( e.is_gunmod() ) {
                res.push_back( &e );
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

item *item::gunmod_find( const itype_id &mod )
{
    std::vector<item *> mods = gunmods();
    auto it = std::find_if( mods.begin(), mods.end(), [&mod]( item * e ) {
        return e->typeId() == mod;
    } );
    return it != mods.end() ? *it : nullptr;
}

const item *item::gunmod_find( const itype_id &mod ) const
{
    return const_cast<item *>( this )->gunmod_find( mod );
}

ret_val<bool> item::is_gunmod_compatible( const item &mod ) const
{
    if( !mod.is_gunmod() ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried checking compatibility of non-gunmod" );
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure();
    }
    static const gun_type_type pistol_gun_type( translate_marker_context( "gun_type_type", "pistol" ) );

    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "isn't a weapon" ) );

    } else if( is_gunmod() ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "is a gunmod and cannot be modded" ) );

    } else if( gunmod_find( mod.typeId() ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "already has a %s" ), mod.tname( 1 ) );

    } else if( !get_mod_locations().count( mod.type->gunmod->location ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "doesn't have a slot for this mod" ) );

    } else if( get_free_mod_locations( mod.type->gunmod->location ) <= 0 ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "doesn't have enough room for another %s mod" ),
                                            mod.type->gunmod->location.name() );

    } else if( !mod.type->gunmod->usable.count( gun_type() ) &&
               !mod.type->gunmod->usable.count( typeId() ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "cannot have a %s" ), mod.tname() );

    } else if( typeId() == "hand_crossbow" && !mod.type->gunmod->usable.count( pistol_gun_type ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "isn't big enough to use that mod" ) );

    } else if( mod.type->gunmod->location.str() == "underbarrel" &&
               !mod.has_flag( "PUMP_RAIL_COMPATIBLE" ) && has_flag( "PUMP_ACTION" ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "can only accept small mods on that slot" ) );

    } else if( !mod.type->mod->acceptable_ammo.empty() ) {
        bool compat_ammo = false;
        for( const ammotype &at : mod.type->mod->acceptable_ammo ) {
            if( ammo_types( false ).count( at ) ) {
                compat_ammo = true;
            }
        }
        if( !compat_ammo ) {
            return ret_val<bool>::make_failure(
                       _( "%1$s cannot be used on item with no compatible ammo types" ), mod.tname( 1 ) );
        }
    } else if( mod.typeId() == "waterproof_gunmod" && has_flag( "WATERPROOF_GUN" ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "is already waterproof" ) );

    } else if( mod.typeId() == "tuned_mechanism" && has_flag( "NEVER_JAMS" ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "is already eminently reliable" ) );

    } else if( mod.typeId() == "brass_catcher" && has_flag( "RELOAD_EJECT" ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "cannot have a brass catcher" ) );

    } else if( ( mod.type->mod->ammo_modifier.empty() || !mod.type->mod->magazine_adaptor.empty() )
               && ( ammo_remaining() > 0 || magazine_current() ) ) {
        return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "must be unloaded before installing this mod" ) );
    }

    for( const gunmod_location &slot : mod.type->gunmod->blacklist_mod ) {
        if( get_mod_locations().count( slot ) ) {
            return ret_val<bool>::make_failure( _( "cannot be installed on a weapon with \"%s\"" ),
                                                slot.name() );
        }
    }

    return ret_val<bool>::make_success();
}

std::map<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> item::gun_all_modes() const
{
    std::map<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> res;

    if( !is_gun() || is_gunmod() ) {
        return res;
    }

    std::vector<const item *> opts = gunmods();
    opts.push_back( this );

    for( const item *e : opts ) {

        // handle base item plus any auxiliary gunmods
        if( e->is_gun() ) {
            for( const std::pair<const gun_mode_id, gun_modifier_data> &m : e->type->gun->modes ) {
                // prefix attached gunmods, e.g. M203_DEFAULT to avoid index key collisions
                std::string prefix = e->is_gunmod() ? ( std::string( e->typeId() ) += "_" ) : "";
                std::transform( prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), prefix.begin(),
                                static_cast<int( * )( int )>( toupper ) );

                const int qty = m.second.qty();

                res.emplace( gun_mode_id( prefix + m.first.str() ), gun_mode( m.second.name(),
                             const_cast<item *>( e ),
                             qty, m.second.flags() ) );
            }

            // non-auxiliary gunmods may provide additional modes for the base item
        } else if( e->is_gunmod() ) {
            for( const std::pair<const gun_mode_id, gun_modifier_data> &m : e->type->gunmod->mode_modifier ) {
                //checks for melee gunmod, points to gunmod
                if( m.first == "REACH" ) {
                    res.emplace( m.first, gun_mode { m.second.name(), const_cast<item *>( e ),
                                                     m.second.qty(), m.second.flags() } );
                    //otherwise points to the parent gun, not the gunmod
                } else {
                    res.emplace( m.first, gun_mode { m.second.name(), const_cast<item *>( this ),
                                                     m.second.qty(), m.second.flags() } );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return res;
}

gun_mode item::gun_get_mode( const gun_mode_id &mode ) const
{
    if( is_gun() ) {
        for( const std::pair<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> &e : gun_all_modes() ) {
            if( e.first == mode ) {
                return e.second;
            }
        }
    }
    return gun_mode();
}

gun_mode item::gun_current_mode() const
{
    return gun_get_mode( gun_get_mode_id() );
}

gun_mode_id item::gun_get_mode_id() const
{
    if( !is_gun() || is_gunmod() ) {
        return gun_mode_id();
    }
    return gun_mode_id( get_var( GUN_MODE_VAR_NAME, "DEFAULT" ) );
}

bool item::gun_set_mode( const gun_mode_id &mode )
{
    if( !is_gun() || is_gunmod() || !gun_all_modes().count( mode ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    set_var( GUN_MODE_VAR_NAME, mode.str() );
    return true;
}

void item::gun_cycle_mode()
{
    if( !is_gun() || is_gunmod() ) {
        return;
    }

    const gun_mode_id cur = gun_get_mode_id();
    const std::map<gun_mode_id, gun_mode> modes = gun_all_modes();

    for( auto iter = modes.begin(); iter != modes.end(); ++iter ) {
        if( iter->first == cur ) {
            if( std::next( iter ) == modes.end() ) {
                break;
            }
            gun_set_mode( std::next( iter )->first );
            return;
        }
    }
    gun_set_mode( modes.begin()->first );

    return;
}

const use_function *item::get_use( const std::string &use_name ) const
{
    if( type != nullptr && type->get_use( use_name ) != nullptr ) {
        return type->get_use( use_name );
    }

    for( const item &elem : contents ) {
        const use_function *fun = elem.get_use( use_name );
        if( fun != nullptr ) {
            return fun;
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

item *item::get_usable_item( const std::string &use_name )
{
    if( type != nullptr && type->get_use( use_name ) != nullptr ) {
        return this;
    }

    for( item &elem : contents ) {
        const use_function *fun = elem.get_use( use_name );
        if( fun != nullptr ) {
            return &elem;
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

int item::units_remaining( const Character &ch, int limit ) const
{
    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        return std::min( static_cast<int>( charges ), limit );
    }

    int res = ammo_remaining();
    if( res < limit && has_flag( "USE_UPS" ) ) {
        res += ch.charges_of( "UPS", limit - res );
    }

    return std::min( static_cast<int>( res ), limit );
}

bool item::units_sufficient( const Character &ch, int qty ) const
{
    if( qty < 0 ) {
        qty = count_by_charges() ? 1 : ammo_required();
    }

    return units_remaining( ch, qty ) == qty;
}

item::reload_option::reload_option( const reload_option & ) = default;

item::reload_option &item::reload_option::operator=( const reload_option & ) = default;

item::reload_option::reload_option( const player *who, const item *target, const item *parent,
                                    const item_location &ammo ) :
    who( who ), target( target ), ammo( ammo ), parent( parent )
{
    if( this->target->is_ammo_belt() && this->target->type->magazine->linkage ) {
        max_qty = this->who->charges_of( * this->target->type->magazine->linkage );
    }
    qty( max_qty );
}

int item::reload_option::moves() const
{
    int mv = ammo.obtain_cost( *who, qty() ) + who->item_reload_cost( *target, *ammo, qty() );
    if( parent != target ) {
        if( parent->is_gun() ) {
            mv += parent->get_reload_time();
        } else if( parent->is_tool() ) {
            mv += 100;
        }
    }
    return mv;
}

void item::reload_option::qty( int val )
{
    bool ammo_in_container = ammo->is_ammo_container();
    bool ammo_in_liquid_container = ammo->is_watertight_container();
    item &ammo_obj = ( ammo_in_container || ammo_in_liquid_container ) ?
                     ammo->contents.front() : *ammo;

    if( ( ammo_in_container && !ammo_obj.is_ammo() ) ||
        ( ammo_in_liquid_container && !ammo_obj.made_of( LIQUID ) ) ) {
        debugmsg( "Invalid reload option: %s", ammo_obj.tname() );
        return;
    }

    // Checking ammo capacity implicitly limits guns with removable magazines to capacity 0.
    // This gets rounded up to 1 later.
    int remaining_capacity = target->is_watertight_container() ?
                             target->get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( ammo_obj, true ) :
                             target->ammo_capacity() - target->ammo_remaining();
    if( target->has_flag( "RELOAD_ONE" ) && !ammo->has_flag( "SPEEDLOADER" ) ) {
        remaining_capacity = 1;
    }
    if( ammo_obj.type->ammo ) {
        if( ammo_obj.ammo_type() == ammotype( "plutonium" ) ) {
            remaining_capacity = remaining_capacity / PLUTONIUM_CHARGES +
                                 ( remaining_capacity % PLUTONIUM_CHARGES != 0 );
        }
    }

    bool ammo_by_charges = ammo_obj.is_ammo() || ammo_in_liquid_container;
    int available_ammo = ammo_by_charges ? ammo_obj.charges : ammo_obj.ammo_remaining();
    // constrain by available ammo, target capacity and other external factors (max_qty)
    // @ref max_qty is currently set when reloading ammo belts and limits to available linkages
    qty_ = std::min( { val, available_ammo, remaining_capacity, max_qty } );

    // always expect to reload at least one charge
    qty_ = std::max( qty_, 1 );

}

int item::casings_count() const
{
    int res = 0;

    const_cast<item *>( this )->casings_handle( [&res]( item & ) {
        ++res;
        return false;
    } );

    return res;
}

void item::casings_handle( const std::function<bool( item & )> &func )
{
    if( !is_gun() ) {
        return;
    }

    for( auto it = contents.begin(); it != contents.end(); ) {
        if( it->has_flag( "CASING" ) ) {
            it->unset_flag( "CASING" );
            if( func( *it ) ) {
                it = contents.erase( it );
                continue;
            }
            // didn't handle the casing so reset the flag ready for next call
            it->set_flag( "CASING" );
        }
        ++it;
    }
}

bool item::reload( player &u, item_location loc, int qty )
{
    if( qty <= 0 ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to reload zero or less charges" );
        return false;
    }
    item *ammo = loc.get_item();
    if( ammo == nullptr || ammo->is_null() ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to reload using non-existent ammo" );
        return false;
    }

    item *container = nullptr;
    if( ammo->is_ammo_container() || ammo->is_container() ) {
        container = ammo;
        ammo = &ammo->contents.front();
    }

    if( !is_reloadable_with( ammo->typeId() ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    // limit quantity of ammo loaded to remaining capacity
    int limit = is_watertight_container()
                ? get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( *ammo )
                : ammo_capacity() - ammo_remaining();

    if( ammo->ammo_type() == ammotype( "plutonium" ) ) {
        limit = limit / PLUTONIUM_CHARGES + ( limit % PLUTONIUM_CHARGES != 0 );
    }

    qty = std::min( qty, limit );

    casings_handle( [&u]( item & e ) {
        return u.i_add_or_drop( e );
    } );

    if( is_magazine() ) {
        qty = std::min( qty, ammo->charges );

        if( is_ammo_belt() && type->magazine->linkage ) {
            if( !u.use_charges_if_avail( *type->magazine->linkage, qty ) ) {
                debugmsg( "insufficient linkages available when reloading ammo belt" );
            }
        }

        item to_reload = *ammo;
        to_reload.charges = qty;
        ammo->charges -= qty;
        bool merged = false;
        for( item &it : contents ) {
            if( it.merge_charges( to_reload ) ) {
                merged = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if( !merged ) {
            contents.emplace_back( to_reload );
        }
    } else if( is_watertight_container() ) {
        if( !ammo->made_of_from_type( LIQUID ) ) {
            debugmsg( "Tried to reload liquid container with non-liquid." );
            return false;
        }
        if( container ) {
            container->on_contents_changed();
        }
        fill_with( *ammo, qty );
    } else if( !magazine_integral() ) {
        // if we already have a magazine loaded prompt to eject it
        if( magazine_current() ) {
            //~ %1$s: magazine name, %2$s: weapon name
            std::string prompt = string_format( pgettext( "magazine", "Eject %1$s from %2$s?" ),
                                                magazine_current()->tname(), tname() );

            // eject magazine to player inventory and try to dispose of it from there
            item &mag = u.i_add( *magazine_current() );
            if( !u.dispose_item( item_location( u, &mag ), prompt ) ) {
                u.remove_item( mag ); // user canceled so delete the clone
                return false;
            }
            remove_item( *magazine_current() );
        }

        contents.emplace_back( *ammo );
        loc.remove_item();
        return true;

    } else {
        if( ammo->has_flag( "SPEEDLOADER" ) ) {
            curammo = find_type( ammo->contents.front().typeId() );
            qty = std::min( qty, ammo->ammo_remaining() );
            ammo->ammo_consume( qty, tripoint_zero );
            charges += qty;
        } else if( ammo->ammo_type() == "plutonium" ) {
            curammo = find_type( ammo->typeId() );
            ammo->charges -= qty;

            // any excess is wasted rather than overfilling the item
            charges += qty * PLUTONIUM_CHARGES;
            charges = std::min( charges, ammo_capacity() );
        } else {
            curammo = find_type( ammo->typeId() );
            qty = std::min( qty, ammo->charges );
            ammo->charges -= qty;
            charges += qty;
        }
    }

    if( ammo->charges == 0 && !ammo->has_flag( "SPEEDLOADER" ) ) {
        if( container != nullptr ) {
            container->contents.erase( container->contents.begin() );
            u.inv.restack( u ); // emptied containers do not stack with non-empty ones
        } else {
            loc.remove_item();
        }
    }
    return true;
}

float item::simulate_burn( fire_data &frd ) const
{
    const std::vector<material_id> &mats = made_of();
    float smoke_added = 0.0f;
    float time_added = 0.0f;
    float burn_added = 0.0f;
    const units::volume vol = base_volume();
    const int effective_intensity = frd.contained ? 3 : frd.fire_intensity;
    for( const material_id &m : mats ) {
        const mat_burn_data &bd = m.obj().burn_data( effective_intensity );
        if( bd.immune ) {
            // Made to protect from fire
            return 0.0f;
        }

        // If fire is contained, burn rate is independent of volume
        if( frd.contained || bd.volume_per_turn == 0_ml ) {
            time_added += bd.fuel;
            smoke_added += bd.smoke;
            burn_added += bd.burn;
        } else {
            double volume_burn_rate = to_liter( bd.volume_per_turn ) / to_liter( vol );
            time_added += bd.fuel * volume_burn_rate;
            smoke_added += bd.smoke * volume_burn_rate;
            burn_added += bd.burn * volume_burn_rate;
        }
    }

    // Liquids that don't burn well smother fire well instead
    if( made_of( LIQUID ) && time_added < 200 ) {
        time_added -= rng( 400.0 * to_liter( vol ), 1200.0 * to_liter( vol ) );
    } else if( mats.size() > 1 ) {
        // Average the materials
        time_added /= mats.size();
        smoke_added /= mats.size();
        burn_added /= mats.size();
    } else if( mats.empty() ) {
        // Non-liquid items with no specified materials will burn at moderate speed
        burn_added = 1;
    }

    frd.fuel_produced += time_added;
    frd.smoke_produced += smoke_added;
    return burn_added;
}

bool item::burn( fire_data &frd )
{
    float burn_added = simulate_burn( frd );

    if( burn_added <= 0 ) {
        return false;
    }

    if( count_by_charges() ) {
        burn_added *= rng( type->stack_size / 2, type->stack_size );
        charges -= roll_remainder( burn_added );
        if( charges <= 0 ) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    if( is_corpse() ) {
        const mtype *mt = get_mtype();
        if( active && mt != nullptr && burnt + burn_added > mt->hp &&
            !mt->burn_into.is_null() && mt->burn_into.is_valid() ) {
            corpse = &get_mtype()->burn_into.obj();
            // Delay rezing
            set_age( 0_turns );
            burnt = 0;
            return false;
        }
    } else if( has_temperature() ) {
        heat_up();
    } else if( is_food_container() ) {
        contents.front().heat_up();
    }

    burnt += roll_remainder( burn_added );

    const int vol = base_volume() / units::legacy_volume_factor;
    return burnt >= vol * 3;
}

bool item::flammable( int threshold ) const
{
    const std::vector<const material_type *> &mats = made_of_types();
    if( mats.empty() ) {
        // Don't know how to burn down something made of nothing.
        return false;
    }

    int flammability = 0;
    units::volume volume_per_turn = 0_ml;
    for( const material_type *m : mats ) {
        const mat_burn_data &bd = m->burn_data( 1 );
        if( bd.immune ) {
            // Made to protect from fire
            return false;
        }

        flammability += bd.fuel;
        volume_per_turn += bd.volume_per_turn;
    }

    if( threshold == 0 || flammability <= 0 ) {
        return flammability > 0;
    }

    volume_per_turn /= mats.size();
    units::volume vol = base_volume();
    if( volume_per_turn > 0_ml && volume_per_turn < vol ) {
        flammability = flammability * volume_per_turn / vol;
    } else {
        // If it burns well, it provides a bonus here
        flammability *= vol / units::legacy_volume_factor;
    }

    return flammability > threshold;
}

itype_id item::typeId() const
{
    return type ? type->get_id() : "null";
}

bool item::getlight( float &luminance, int &width, int &direction ) const
{
    luminance = 0;
    width = 0;
    direction = 0;
    if( light.luminance > 0 ) {
        luminance = static_cast<float>( light.luminance );
        if( light.width > 0 ) {  // width > 0 is a light arc
            width = light.width;
            direction = light.direction;
        }
        return true;
    } else {
        const int lumint = getlight_emit();
        if( lumint > 0 ) {
            luminance = static_cast<float>( lumint );
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

int item::getlight_emit() const
{
    float lumint = type->light_emission;

    if( lumint == 0 ) {
        return 0;
    }
    if( has_flag( "CHARGEDIM" ) && is_tool() && !has_flag( "USE_UPS" ) ) {
        // Falloff starts at 1/5 total charge and scales linearly from there to 0.
        if( ammo_capacity() && ammo_remaining() < ( ammo_capacity() / 5 ) ) {
            lumint *= ammo_remaining() * 5.0 / ammo_capacity();
        }
    }
    return lumint;
}

units::volume item::get_container_capacity() const
{
    if( !is_container() ) {
        return 0_ml;
    }
    return type->container->contains;
}

units::volume item::get_total_capacity() const
{
    units::volume result = get_storage() + get_container_capacity();

    // Consider various iuse_actors which add containing capability
    // Treating these two as special cases for now; if more appear in the
    // future then this probably warrants a new method on use_function to
    // access this information generically.
    if( is_bandolier() ) {
        result += dynamic_cast<const bandolier_actor *>
                  ( type->get_use( "bandolier" )->get_actor_ptr() )->max_stored_volume();
    }

    if( is_holster() ) {
        result += dynamic_cast<const holster_actor *>
                  ( type->get_use( "holster" )->get_actor_ptr() )->max_stored_volume();
    }

    return result;
}

int item::get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( const item &liquid, bool allow_bucket,
        std::string *err ) const
{
    const auto error = [ &err ]( const std::string & message ) {
        if( err != nullptr ) {
            *err = message;
        }
        return 0;
    };

    int remaining_capacity = 0;

    // TODO: (sm) is_reloadable_with and this function call each other and can recurse for
    // watertight containers.
    if( !is_container() && is_reloadable_with( liquid.typeId() ) ) {
        if( ammo_remaining() != 0 && ammo_current() != liquid.typeId() ) {
            return error( string_format( _( "You can't mix loads in your %s." ), tname() ) );
        }
        remaining_capacity = ammo_capacity() - ammo_remaining();
    } else if( is_container() ) {
        if( !type->container->watertight ) {
            return error( string_format( _( "That %s isn't water-tight." ), tname() ) );
        } else if( !type->container->seals && ( !allow_bucket || !is_bucket() ) ) {
            return error( string_format( is_bucket() ?
                                         _( "That %s must be on the ground or held to hold contents!" )
                                         : _( "You can't seal that %s!" ), tname() ) );
        } else if( !contents.empty() && contents.front().typeId() != liquid.typeId() ) {
            return error( string_format( _( "You can't mix loads in your %s." ), tname() ) );
        }
        remaining_capacity = liquid.charges_per_volume( get_container_capacity() );
        if( !contents.empty() ) {
            remaining_capacity -= contents.front().charges;
        }
    } else {
        return error( string_format( _( "That %1$s won't hold %2$s." ), tname(),
                                     liquid.tname() ) );
    }

    if( remaining_capacity <= 0 ) {
        return error( string_format( _( "Your %1$s can't hold any more %2$s." ), tname(),
                                     liquid.tname() ) );
    }

    return remaining_capacity;
}

int item::get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( const item &liquid, const Character &p,
        std::string *err ) const
{
    const bool allow_bucket = this == &p.weapon || !p.has_item( *this );
    int res = get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( liquid, allow_bucket, err );

    if( res > 0 && !type->rigid && p.inv.has_item( *this ) ) {
        const units::volume volume_to_expand = std::max( p.volume_capacity() - p.volume_carried(),
                                               0_ml );

        res = std::min( liquid.charges_per_volume( volume_to_expand ), res );

        if( res == 0 && err != nullptr ) {
            *err = string_format( _( "That %s doesn't have room to expand." ), tname() );
        }
    }

    return res;
}

bool item::use_amount( const itype_id &it, int &quantity, std::list<item> &used,
                       const std::function<bool( const item & )> &filter )
{
    // Remember quantity so that we can unseal self
    int old_quantity = quantity;
    // First, check contents
    for( auto a = contents.begin(); a != contents.end() && quantity > 0; ) {
        if( a->use_amount( it, quantity, used ) ) {
            a = contents.erase( a );
        } else {
            ++a;
        }
    }

    if( quantity != old_quantity ) {
        on_contents_changed();
    }

    // Now check the item itself
    if( typeId() == it && quantity > 0 && filter( *this ) ) {
        used.push_back( *this );
        quantity--;
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

bool item::allow_crafting_component() const
{
    if( is_toolmod() && is_irremovable() ) {
        return false;
    }

    // vehicle batteries are implemented as magazines of charge
    if( is_magazine() && ammo_types().count( ammotype( "battery" ) ) ) {
        return true;
    }

    // fixes #18886 - turret installation may require items with irremovable mods
    if( is_gun() ) {
        return std::all_of( contents.begin(), contents.end(), [&]( const item & e ) {
            return e.is_magazine() || ( e.is_gunmod() && e.is_irremovable() );
        } );
    }

    return contents.empty();
}

void item::set_item_specific_energy( const float new_specific_energy )
{
    const float specific_heat_liquid = get_specific_heat_liquid(); // J/g K
    const float specific_heat_solid = get_specific_heat_solid(); // J/g K
    const float latent_heat = get_latent_heat(); // J/kg
    const float freezing_temperature = temp_to_kelvin( get_freeze_point() );  // K
    const float completely_frozen_specific_energy = specific_heat_solid *
            freezing_temperature;  // Energy that the item would have if it was completely solid at freezing temperature
    const float completely_liquid_specific_energy = completely_frozen_specific_energy +
            latent_heat; // Energy that the item would have if it was completely liquid at freezing temperature
    float new_item_temperature;
    float freeze_percentage = 1;

    if( new_specific_energy > completely_liquid_specific_energy ) {
        // Item is liquid
        new_item_temperature = freezing_temperature + ( new_specific_energy -
                               completely_liquid_specific_energy ) /
                               ( specific_heat_liquid );
        freeze_percentage = 0;
    } else if( new_specific_energy < completely_frozen_specific_energy ) {
        // Item is solid
        new_item_temperature = new_specific_energy / ( specific_heat_solid );
    } else {
        // Item is partially solid
        new_item_temperature = freezing_temperature;
        freeze_percentage = ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - new_specific_energy ) /
                            ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - completely_frozen_specific_energy );
    }

    // Apply temperature tags tags
    // Hot = over  temperatures::hot
    // Warm = over temperatures::warm
    // Cold = below temperatures::cold
    // Frozen = Over 50% frozen
    if( item_tags.count( "FROZEN" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "FROZEN" );
        if( freeze_percentage < 0.5 ) {
            // Item melts and becomes mushy
            current_phase = type->phase;
            apply_freezerburn();
        }
    } else if( item_tags.count( "COLD" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "COLD" );
    } else if( item_tags.count( "HOT" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "HOT" );
    }
    if( new_item_temperature > temp_to_kelvin( temperatures::hot ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "HOT" );
    } else if( freeze_percentage > 0.5 ) {
        item_tags.insert( "FROZEN" );
        current_phase = SOLID;
        // If below freezing temp AND the food may have parasites AND food does not have "NO_PARASITES" tag then add the "NO_PARASITES" tag.
        if( is_food() && new_item_temperature < freezing_temperature && get_comestible()->parasites > 0 ) {
            if( !( item_tags.count( "NO_PARASITES" ) ) ) {
                item_tags.insert( "NO_PARASITES" );
            }
        }
    } else if( new_item_temperature < temp_to_kelvin( temperatures::cold ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "COLD" );
    }
    temperature = lround( 100000 * new_item_temperature );
    specific_energy = lround( 100000 * new_specific_energy );
    reset_temp_check();
}

float item::get_specific_energy_from_temperature( const float new_temperature )
{
    const float specific_heat_liquid = get_specific_heat_liquid(); // J/g K
    const float specific_heat_solid = get_specific_heat_solid(); // J/g K
    const float latent_heat = get_latent_heat(); // J/kg
    const float freezing_temperature = temp_to_kelvin( get_freeze_point() );  // K
    const float completely_frozen_energy = specific_heat_solid *
                                           freezing_temperature;  // Energy that the item would have if it was completely solid at freezing temperature
    const float completely_liquid_energy = completely_frozen_energy +
                                           latent_heat; // Energy that the item would have if it was completely liquid at freezing temperature
    float new_specific_energy;

    if( new_temperature <= freezing_temperature ) {
        new_specific_energy = specific_heat_solid * new_temperature ;
    } else {
        new_specific_energy = completely_liquid_energy + specific_heat_liquid *
                              ( new_temperature - freezing_temperature );
    }
    return new_specific_energy;
}

void item::set_item_temperature( float new_temperature )
{
    const float freezing_temperature = temp_to_kelvin( get_freeze_point() );  // K
    const float specific_heat_solid = get_specific_heat_solid(); // J/g K
    const float latent_heat = get_latent_heat(); // J/kg

    float new_specific_energy = get_specific_energy_from_temperature( new_temperature );
    float freeze_percentage = 0;

    temperature = lround( 100000 * new_temperature );
    specific_energy = lround( 100000 * new_specific_energy );

    const float completely_frozen_specific_energy = specific_heat_solid *
            freezing_temperature;  // Energy that the item would have if it was completely solid at freezing temperature
    const float completely_liquid_specific_energy = completely_frozen_specific_energy +
            latent_heat; // Energy that the item would have if it was completely liquid at freezing temperature

    if( new_specific_energy < completely_frozen_specific_energy ) {
        // Item is solid
        freeze_percentage = 1;
    } else {
        // Item is partially solid
        freeze_percentage = ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - new_specific_energy ) /
                            ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - completely_frozen_specific_energy );
    }
    if( item_tags.count( "FROZEN" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "FROZEN" );
        if( freeze_percentage < 0.5 ) {
            // Item melts and becomes mushy
            current_phase = type->phase;
            apply_freezerburn();
        }
    } else if( item_tags.count( "COLD" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "COLD" );
    } else if( item_tags.count( "HOT" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "HOT" );
    }
    if( new_temperature > temp_to_kelvin( temperatures::hot ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "HOT" );
    } else if( freeze_percentage > 0.5 ) {
        item_tags.insert( "FROZEN" );
        current_phase = SOLID;
        // If below freezing temp AND the food may have parasites AND food does not have "NO_PARASITES" tag then add the "NO_PARASITES" tag.
        if( is_food() && new_temperature < freezing_temperature && get_comestible()->parasites > 0 ) {
            if( !( item_tags.count( "NO_PARASITES" ) ) ) {
                item_tags.insert( "NO_PARASITES" );
            }
        }
    } else if( new_temperature < temp_to_kelvin( temperatures::cold ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "COLD" );
    }
    reset_temp_check();
}

void item::fill_with( item &liquid, int amount )
{
    amount = std::min( get_remaining_capacity_for_liquid( liquid, true ),
                       std::min( amount, liquid.charges ) );
    if( amount <= 0 ) {
        return;
    }

    if( !is_container() ) {
        if( !is_reloadable_with( liquid.typeId() ) ) {
            debugmsg( "Tried to fill %s which is not a container and can't be reloaded with %s.",
                      tname(), liquid.tname() );
            return;
        }
        ammo_set( liquid.typeId(), ammo_remaining() + amount );
    } else if( is_food_container() ) {
        // if container already has liquid we need to sum the energy
        item &cts = contents.front();
        const float lhs_energy = cts.get_item_thermal_energy();
        const float rhs_energy = liquid.get_item_thermal_energy();
        if( rhs_energy < 0 ) {
            debugmsg( "Poured item has no defined temperature" );
        }
        const float combined_specific_energy = ( lhs_energy + rhs_energy ) / ( to_gram(
                cts.weight() ) + to_gram( liquid.weight() ) ) ;
        cts.set_item_specific_energy( combined_specific_energy );
        //use maximum rot between the two
        cts.set_relative_rot( std::max( cts.get_relative_rot(),
                                        liquid.get_relative_rot() ) );
        cts.mod_charges( amount );
    } else if( !is_container_empty() ) {
        // if container already has liquid we need to set the amount
        item &cts = contents.front();
        cts.mod_charges( amount );
    } else {
        item liquid_copy( liquid );
        liquid_copy.charges = amount;
        put_in( liquid_copy );
    }

    liquid.mod_charges( -amount );
    on_contents_changed();
}

void item::set_countdown( int num_turns )
{
    if( num_turns < 0 ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to set a negative countdown value %d.", num_turns );
        return;
    }
    if( !ammo_types().empty() ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to set countdown on an item with ammo." );
        return;
    }
    charges = num_turns;
}

bool item::use_charges( const itype_id &what, int &qty, std::list<item> &used,
                        const tripoint &pos, const std::function<bool( const item & )> &filter )
{
    std::vector<item *> del;

    // Remember qty to unseal self
    int old_qty = qty;
    visit_items( [&what, &qty, &used, &pos, &del, &filter]( item * e ) {
        if( qty == 0 ) {
            // found sufficient charges
            return VisitResponse::ABORT;
        }

        if( !filter( *e ) ) {
            return VisitResponse::NEXT;
        }

        if( e->is_tool() ) {
            if( e->typeId() == what ) {
                int n = std::min( e->ammo_remaining(), qty );
                qty -= n;

                used.push_back( item( *e ).ammo_set( e->ammo_current(), n ) );
                e->ammo_consume( n, pos );
            }
            return VisitResponse::SKIP;

        } else if( e->count_by_charges() ) {
            if( e->typeId() == what ) {

                // if can supply excess charges split required off leaving remainder in-situ
                item obj = e->split( qty );
                if( !obj.is_null() ) {
                    used.push_back( obj );
                    qty = 0;
                    return VisitResponse::ABORT;
                }

                qty -= e->charges;
                used.push_back( *e );
                del.push_back( e );
            }
            // items counted by charges are not themselves expected to be containers
            return VisitResponse::SKIP;
        }

        // recurse through any nested containers
        return VisitResponse::NEXT;
    } );

    bool destroy = false;
    for( item *e : del ) {
        if( e == this ) {
            destroy = true; // cannot remove ourselves...
        } else {
            remove_item( *e );
        }
    }

    if( qty != old_qty || !del.empty() ) {
        on_contents_changed();
    }

    return destroy;
}

void item::set_snippet( const std::string &snippet_id )
{
    if( is_null() ) {
        return;
    }
    if( type->snippet_category.empty() ) {
        debugmsg( "can not set description for item %s without snippet category", typeId().c_str() );
        return;
    }
    const int hash = SNIPPET.get_snippet_by_id( snippet_id );
    if( SNIPPET.get( hash ).empty() ) {
        debugmsg( "snippet id %s is not contained in snippet category %s", snippet_id.c_str(),
                  type->snippet_category.c_str() );
        return;
    }
    note = hash;
}

const item_category &item::get_category() const
{
    if( is_container() && !contents.empty() ) {
        return contents.front().get_category();
    }

    static item_category null_category;
    return type->category ? *type->category : null_category;
}

iteminfo::iteminfo( const std::string &Type, const std::string &Name, const std::string &Fmt,
                    flags Flags, double Value )
{
    sType = Type;
    sName = replace_colors( Name );
    sFmt = replace_colors( Fmt );
    is_int = !( Flags & is_decimal );
    dValue = Value;
    bShowPlus = static_cast<bool>( Flags & show_plus );
    std::stringstream convert;
    if( bShowPlus ) {
        convert << std::showpos;
    }
    if( is_int ) {
        convert << std::setprecision( 0 );
    } else {
        convert << std::setprecision( 2 );
    }
    convert << std::fixed << Value;
    sValue = convert.str();
    bNewLine = !( Flags & no_newline );
    bLowerIsBetter = static_cast<bool>( Flags & lower_is_better );
    bDrawName = !( Flags & no_name );
}

iteminfo::iteminfo( const std::string &Type, const std::string &Name, double Value )
    : iteminfo( Type, Name, "", no_flags, Value )
{
}

bool item::will_explode_in_fire() const
{
    if( type->explode_in_fire ) {
        return true;
    }

    if( type->ammo && ( type->ammo->special_cookoff || type->ammo->cookoff ) ) {
        return true;
    }

    // Most containers do nothing to protect the contents from fire
    if( !is_magazine() || !type->magazine->protects_contents ) {
        return std::any_of( contents.begin(), contents.end(), []( const item & it ) {
            return it.will_explode_in_fire();
        } );
    }

    return false;
}

bool item::detonate( const tripoint &p, std::vector<item> &drops )
{
    if( type->explosion.power >= 0 ) {
        explosion_handler::explosion( p, type->explosion );
        return true;
    } else if( type->ammo && ( type->ammo->special_cookoff || type->ammo->cookoff ) ) {
        int charges_remaining = charges;
        const int rounds_exploded = rng( 1, charges_remaining );
        // Yank the exploding item off the map for the duration of the explosion
        // so it doesn't blow itself up.
        const islot_ammo &ammo_type = *type->ammo;

        if( ammo_type.special_cookoff ) {
            // If it has a special effect just trigger it.
            apply_ammo_effects( p, ammo_type.ammo_effects );
        }
        charges_remaining -= rounds_exploded;
        if( charges_remaining > 0 ) {
            item temp_item = *this;
            temp_item.charges = charges_remaining;
            drops.push_back( temp_item );
        }

        return true;
    } else if( !contents.empty() && ( !type->magazine || !type->magazine->protects_contents ) ) {
        const auto new_end = std::remove_if( contents.begin(), contents.end(), [ &p, &drops ]( item & it ) {
            return it.detonate( p, drops );
        } );
        if( new_end != contents.end() ) {
            contents.erase( new_end, contents.end() );
            // If any of the contents explodes, so does the container
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

bool item_ptr_compare_by_charges( const item *left, const item *right )
{
    if( left->contents.empty() ) {
        return false;
    } else if( right->contents.empty() ) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return right->contents.front().charges < left->contents.front().charges;
    }
}

bool item_compare_by_charges( const item &left, const item &right )
{
    return item_ptr_compare_by_charges( &left, &right );
}

static const std::string USED_BY_IDS( "USED_BY_IDS" );
bool item::already_used_by_player( const player &p ) const
{
    const auto it = item_vars.find( USED_BY_IDS );
    if( it == item_vars.end() ) {
        return false;
    }
    // USED_BY_IDS always starts *and* ends with a ';', the search string
    // ';<id>;' matches at most one part of USED_BY_IDS, and only when exactly that
    // id has been added.
    const std::string needle = string_format( ";%d;", p.getID().get_value() );
    return it->second.find( needle ) != std::string::npos;
}

void item::mark_as_used_by_player( const player &p )
{
    std::string &used_by_ids = item_vars[ USED_BY_IDS ];
    if( used_by_ids.empty() ) {
        // *always* start with a ';'
        used_by_ids = ";";
    }
    // and always end with a ';'
    used_by_ids += string_format( "%d;", p.getID().get_value() );
}

bool item::can_holster( const item &obj, bool ignore ) const
{
    if( !type->can_use( "holster" ) ) {
        return false; // item is not a holster
    }

    const holster_actor *ptr = dynamic_cast<const holster_actor *>
                               ( type->get_use( "holster" )->get_actor_ptr() );
    if( !ptr->can_holster( obj ) ) {
        return false; // item is not a suitable holster for obj
    }

    if( !ignore && static_cast<int>( contents.size() ) >= ptr->multi ) {
        return false; // item is already full
    }

    return true;
}

std::string item::components_to_string() const
{
    using t_count_map = std::map<std::string, int>;
    t_count_map counts;
    for( const item &elem : components ) {
        if( !elem.has_flag( "BYPRODUCT" ) ) {
            const std::string name = elem.display_name();
            counts[name]++;
        }
    }
    return enumerate_as_string( counts.begin(), counts.end(),
    []( const std::pair<std::string, int> &entry ) -> std::string {
        if( entry.second != 1 )
        {
            return string_format( _( "%d x %s" ), entry.second, entry.first );
        } else
        {
            return entry.first;
        }
    }, enumeration_conjunction::none );
}

bool item::needs_processing() const
{
    return active || has_flag( "RADIO_ACTIVATION" ) || has_flag( "ETHEREAL_ITEM" ) ||
           ( is_container() && !contents.empty() && contents.front().needs_processing() ) ||
           is_artifact() || is_food();
}

int item::processing_speed() const
{
    if( is_corpse() || is_food() || is_food_container() ) {
        return to_turns<int>( 10_minutes );
    }
    // Unless otherwise indicated, update every turn.
    return 1;
}

void item::apply_freezerburn()
{
    if( !has_flag( "FREEZERBURN" ) ) {
        return;
    }
    if( !item_tags.count( "MUSHY" ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "MUSHY" );
    } else {
        set_relative_rot( 1.01 );
    }
}

void item::process_temperature_rot( float insulation, const tripoint &pos,
                                    player *carrier, const temperature_flag flag )
{
    const time_point now = calendar::turn;

    // if player debug menu'd the time backward it breaks stuff, just reset the
    // last_temp_check and last_rot_check in this case
    if( now - last_temp_check < 0_turns ) {
        reset_temp_check();
        last_rot_check = now;
        return;
    }

    // process temperature and rot at most once every 100_turns (10 min)
    // note we're also gated by item::processing_speed
    time_duration smallest_interval = 10_minutes;
    if( now - last_temp_check < smallest_interval && specific_energy > 0 ) {
        return;
    }

    int temp = g->weather.get_temperature( pos );

    switch( flag ) {
        case TEMP_NORMAL:
            // Just use the temperature normally
            break;
        case TEMP_FRIDGE:
            temp = std::min( temp, temperatures::fridge );
            break;
        case TEMP_FREEZER:
            temp = std::min( temp, temperatures::freezer );
            break;
        case TEMP_HEATER:
            temp = std::max( temp, temperatures::normal );
            break;
        case TEMP_ROOT_CELLAR:
            temp = AVERAGE_ANNUAL_TEMPERATURE;
            break;
        default:
            debugmsg( "Temperature flag enum not valid. Using current temperature." );
    }

    bool carried = carrier != nullptr && carrier->has_item( *this );
    // body heat increases inventory temperature by 5F and insulation by 50%
    if( carried ) {
        insulation *= 1.5;
        temp += 5;
    }

    time_point time;
    item_internal::goes_bad_cache_set( goes_bad() );
    if( goes_bad() ) {
        time = std::min( last_rot_check, last_temp_check );
    } else {
        time = last_temp_check;
    }

    if( now - time > 1_hours ) {
        // This code is for items that were left out of reality bubble for long time

        const weather_generator &wgen = g->weather.get_cur_weather_gen();
        const unsigned int seed = g->get_seed();
        const tripoint &local = g->m.getlocal( pos );
        int local_mod = g->new_game ? 0 : g->m.get_temperature( local );

        int enviroment_mod;
        // Toilets and vending machines will try to get the heat radiation and convection during mapgen and segfault.
        if( !g->new_game ) {
            enviroment_mod = get_heat_radiation( pos, false );
            enviroment_mod += get_convection_temperature( pos );
        } else {
            enviroment_mod = 0;
        }

        if( carried ) {
            local_mod += 5; // body heat increases inventory temperature
        }

        // Process the past of this item since the last time it was processed
        while( time < now - 1_hours ) {
            // Get the enviroment temperature
            time_duration time_delta = std::min( 1_hours, now - 1_hours - time );
            time += time_delta;

            //Use weather if above ground, use map temp if below
            double env_temperature = 0;
            if( pos.z >= 0 ) {
                double weather_temperature = wgen.get_weather_temperature( pos, time, seed );
                env_temperature = weather_temperature + enviroment_mod + local_mod;
            } else {
                env_temperature = AVERAGE_ANNUAL_TEMPERATURE + enviroment_mod + local_mod;
            }

            switch( flag ) {
                case TEMP_NORMAL:
                    // Just use the temperature normally
                    break;
                case TEMP_FRIDGE:
                    env_temperature = std::min( env_temperature, static_cast<double>( temperatures::fridge ) );
                    break;
                case TEMP_FREEZER:
                    env_temperature = std::min( env_temperature, static_cast<double>( temperatures::freezer ) );
                    break;
                case TEMP_HEATER:
                    env_temperature = std::max( env_temperature, static_cast<double>( temperatures::normal ) );
                    break;
                case TEMP_ROOT_CELLAR:
                    env_temperature = AVERAGE_ANNUAL_TEMPERATURE;
                    break;
                default:
                    debugmsg( "Temperature flag enum not valid. Using normal temperature." );
            }

            // Calculate item temperature from enviroment temperature
            // If the time was more than 2 d ago just set the item to enviroment temperature
            if( now - time > 2_days ) {
                // This value shouldn't be there anymore after the loop is done so we don't bother with the set_item_temperature()
                temperature = static_cast<int>( 100000 * temp_to_kelvin( env_temperature ) );
                last_temp_check = time;
            } else if( time - last_temp_check > smallest_interval ) {
                calc_temp( env_temperature, insulation, time );
            }

            // Calculate item rot from item temperature
            if( time - last_rot_check > smallest_interval ) {
                calc_rot( time, env_temperature );

                if( has_rotten_away() || ( is_corpse() && rot > 10_days ) ) {
                    // No need to track item that will be gone
                    item_internal::goes_bad_cache_unset();
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Remaining <1 h from above
    // and items that are held near the player
    if( now - time > smallest_interval ) {
        calc_temp( temp, insulation, now );
        calc_rot( now, temp );
        item_internal::goes_bad_cache_unset();
        return;
    }

    // Just now created items will get here.
    if( specific_energy < 0 ) {
        set_item_temperature( temp_to_kelvin( temp ) );
    }
    item_internal::goes_bad_cache_unset();
}

void item::calc_temp( const int temp, const float insulation, const time_point &time )
{
    // Limit calculations to max 4000 C (4273.15 K) to avoid specific energy from overflowing
    const float env_temperature = std::min( temp_to_kelvin( temp ), 4273.15 );
    const float old_temperature = 0.00001 * temperature;
    const float temperature_difference = env_temperature - old_temperature;

    // If no or only small temperature difference then no need to do math.
    if( std::abs( temperature_difference ) < 0.9 ) {
        last_temp_check = time;
        return;
    }
    const float mass = to_gram( weight() ); // g

    // If item has negative energy set to enviroment temperature (it not been processed ever)
    if( specific_energy < 0 ) {
        set_item_temperature( env_temperature );
        last_temp_check = time;
        return;
    }

    // specific_energy = item thermal energy (10e-5 J/g). Stored in the item
    // temperature = item temperature (10e-5 K). Stored in the item
    const float conductivity_term = 0.0076 * std::pow( to_milliliter( volume() ),
                                    2.0 / 3.0 ) / insulation;
    const float specific_heat_liquid = get_specific_heat_liquid();
    const float specific_heat_solid = get_specific_heat_solid();
    const float latent_heat = get_latent_heat();
    const float freezing_temperature = temp_to_kelvin( get_freeze_point() );  // K
    const float completely_frozen_specific_energy = specific_heat_solid *
            freezing_temperature;  // Energy that the item would have if it was completely solid at freezing temperature
    const float completely_liquid_specific_energy = completely_frozen_specific_energy +
            latent_heat; // Energy that the item would have if it was completely liquid at freezing temperature

    float new_specific_energy;
    float new_item_temperature;
    float freeze_percentage = 0;
    int extra_time;
    const time_duration time_delta = time - last_temp_check;

    // Temperature calculations based on Newton's law of cooling.
    // Calculations are done assuming that the item stays in its phase.
    // This assumption can cause over heating when transitioning from meltiong to liquid.
    // In other transitions the item may cool/heat too little but that won't be a problem.
    if( 0.00001 * specific_energy < completely_frozen_specific_energy ) {
        // Was solid.
        new_item_temperature = ( - temperature_difference
                                 * exp( - to_turns<int>( time_delta ) * conductivity_term / ( mass * specific_heat_solid ) )
                                 + env_temperature );
        new_specific_energy = new_item_temperature * specific_heat_solid;
        if( new_item_temperature > freezing_temperature + 0.5 ) {
            // Started melting before temp was calculated.
            // 0.5 is here because we don't care if it heats up a bit too high
            // Calculate how long the item was solid
            // and apply rest of the time as melting
            extra_time = to_turns<int>( time_delta )
                         - log( - temperature_difference / ( freezing_temperature - env_temperature ) )
                         * ( mass * specific_heat_solid / conductivity_term );
            new_specific_energy = completely_frozen_specific_energy
                                  + conductivity_term
                                  * ( env_temperature - freezing_temperature ) * extra_time / mass;
            new_item_temperature = freezing_temperature;
            if( new_specific_energy > completely_liquid_specific_energy ) {
                // The item then also finished melting.
                // This may happen rarely with very small items
                // Just set the item to enviroment temperature
                set_item_temperature( env_temperature );
                last_temp_check = time;
                return;
            }
        }
    } else if( 0.00001 * specific_energy > completely_liquid_specific_energy ) {
        // Was liquid.
        new_item_temperature = ( - temperature_difference
                                 * exp( - to_turns<int>( time_delta ) * conductivity_term / ( mass *
                                         specific_heat_liquid ) )
                                 + env_temperature );
        new_specific_energy = ( new_item_temperature - freezing_temperature ) * specific_heat_liquid +
                              completely_liquid_specific_energy;
        if( new_item_temperature < freezing_temperature - 0.5 ) {
            // Started freezing before temp was calculated.
            // 0.5 is here because we don't care if it cools down a bit too low
            // Calculate how long the item was liquid
            // and apply rest of the time as freezing
            extra_time = to_turns<int>( time_delta )
                         - log( - temperature_difference / ( freezing_temperature - env_temperature ) )
                         * ( mass * specific_heat_liquid / conductivity_term );
            new_specific_energy = completely_liquid_specific_energy
                                  + conductivity_term
                                  * ( env_temperature - freezing_temperature ) * extra_time / mass;
            new_item_temperature = freezing_temperature;
            if( new_specific_energy < completely_frozen_specific_energy ) {
                // The item then also finished freezing.
                // This may happen rarely with very small items
                // Just set the item to enviroment temperature
                set_item_temperature( env_temperature );
                last_temp_check = time;
                return;
            }
        }
    } else {
        // Was melting or freezing
        new_specific_energy = 0.00001 * specific_energy + conductivity_term *
                              temperature_difference * to_turns<int>( time_delta ) / mass;
        new_item_temperature = freezing_temperature;
        if( new_specific_energy > completely_liquid_specific_energy ) {
            // Item melted before temp was calculated
            // Calculate how long the item was melting
            // and apply rest of the time as liquid
            extra_time = to_turns<int>( time_delta ) - ( mass / ( conductivity_term * temperature_difference ) )
                         *
                         ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - 0.00001 * specific_energy );
            new_item_temperature = ( ( freezing_temperature - env_temperature )
                                     * exp( - extra_time * conductivity_term / ( mass *
                                             specific_heat_liquid ) )
                                     + env_temperature );
            new_specific_energy = ( new_item_temperature - freezing_temperature ) * specific_heat_liquid +
                                  completely_liquid_specific_energy;
        } else if( new_specific_energy < completely_frozen_specific_energy ) {
            // Item froze before temp was calculated
            // Calculate how long the item was freezing
            // and apply rest of the time as solid
            extra_time = to_turns<int>( time_delta ) - ( mass / ( conductivity_term * temperature_difference ) )
                         *
                         ( completely_frozen_specific_energy - 0.00001 * specific_energy );
            new_item_temperature = ( ( freezing_temperature - env_temperature )
                                     * exp( -  extra_time * conductivity_term / ( mass *
                                             specific_heat_solid ) )
                                     + env_temperature );
            new_specific_energy = new_item_temperature * specific_heat_solid;
        }
    }
    // Check freeze status now based on energies.
    if( new_specific_energy > completely_liquid_specific_energy ) {
        freeze_percentage = 0;
    } else if( new_specific_energy < completely_frozen_specific_energy ) {
        // Item is solid
        freeze_percentage = 1;
    } else {
        // Item is partially solid
        freeze_percentage = ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - new_specific_energy ) /
                            ( completely_liquid_specific_energy - completely_frozen_specific_energy );
    }

    // Apply temperature tags tags
    // Hot = over  temperatures::hot
    // Warm = over temperatures::warm
    // Cold = below temperatures::cold
    // Frozen = Over 50% frozen
    if( item_tags.count( "FROZEN" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "FROZEN" );
        if( freeze_percentage < 0.5 ) {
            // Item melts and becomes mushy
            current_phase = type->phase;
            apply_freezerburn();
        }
    } else if( item_tags.count( "COLD" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "COLD" );
    } else if( item_tags.count( "HOT" ) ) {
        item_tags.erase( "HOT" );
    }
    if( new_item_temperature > temp_to_kelvin( temperatures::hot ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "HOT" );
    } else if( freeze_percentage > 0.5 ) {
        item_tags.insert( "FROZEN" );
        current_phase = SOLID;
        // If below freezing temp AND the food may have parasites AND food does not have "NO_PARASITES" tag then add the "NO_PARASITES" tag.
        if( is_food() && new_item_temperature < freezing_temperature && get_comestible()->parasites > 0 ) {
            if( !( item_tags.count( "NO_PARASITES" ) ) ) {
                item_tags.insert( "NO_PARASITES" );
            }
        }
    } else if( new_item_temperature < temp_to_kelvin( temperatures::cold ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "COLD" );
    }
    temperature = lround( 100000 * new_item_temperature );
    specific_energy = lround( 100000 * new_specific_energy );

    last_temp_check = time;
}

float item::get_item_thermal_energy()
{
    const float mass = to_gram( weight() ); // g
    return 0.00001 * specific_energy * mass;
}

void item::heat_up()
{
    item_tags.erase( "COLD" );
    item_tags.erase( "FROZEN" );
    item_tags.insert( "HOT" );
    current_phase = type->phase;
    // Set item temperature to 60 C (333.15 K, 122 F)
    // Also set the energy to match
    temperature = 333.15 * 100000;
    specific_energy = lround( 100000 * get_specific_energy_from_temperature( 333.15 ) );

    reset_temp_check();
}

void item::cold_up()
{
    item_tags.erase( "HOT" );
    item_tags.erase( "FROZEN" );
    item_tags.insert( "COLD" );
    current_phase = type->phase;
    // Set item temperature to 3 C (276.15 K, 37.4 F)
    // Also set the energy to match
    temperature = 276.15 * 100000;
    specific_energy = lround( 100000 * get_specific_energy_from_temperature( 276.15 ) );

    reset_temp_check();
}

void item::reset_temp_check()
{
    last_temp_check = calendar::turn;
}

void item::process_artifact( player *carrier, const tripoint & /*pos*/ )
{
    if( !is_artifact() && !is_relic() ) {
        return;
    }
    // Artifacts are currently only useful for the player character, the messages
    // don't consider npcs. Also they are not processed when laying on the ground.
    // TODO: change game::process_artifact to work with npcs,
    // TODO: consider moving game::process_artifact here.
    if( carrier == &g->u ) {
        g->process_artifact( *this, *carrier );
    }
}

bool item::process_corpse( player *carrier, const tripoint &pos )
{
    // some corpses rez over time
    if( corpse == nullptr || damage() >= max_damage() ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( !ready_to_revive( pos ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( rng( 0, volume() / units::legacy_volume_factor ) > burnt && g->revive_corpse( pos, *this ) ) {
        if( carrier == nullptr ) {
            if( g->u.sees( pos ) ) {
                if( corpse->in_species( ROBOT ) ) {
                    add_msg( m_warning, _( "A nearby robot has repaired itself and stands up!" ) );
                } else {
                    add_msg( m_warning, _( "A nearby corpse rises and moves towards you!" ) );
                }
            }
        } else {
            if( corpse->in_species( ROBOT ) ) {
                carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_warning,
                                            _( "Oh dear god, a robot you're carrying has started moving!" ) );
            } else {
                carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_warning,
                                            _( "Oh dear god, a corpse you're carrying has started moving!" ) );
            }
        }
        // Destroy this corpse item
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool item::process_fake_mill( player * /*carrier*/, const tripoint &pos )
{
    if( g->m.furn( pos ) != furn_str_id( "f_wind_mill_active" ) &&
        g->m.furn( pos ) != furn_str_id( "f_water_mill_active" ) ) {
        item_counter = 0;
        return true; //destroy fake mill
    }
    if( age() >= 6_hours || item_counter == 0 ) {
        iexamine::mill_finalize( g->u, pos, birthday() ); //activate effects when timers goes to zero
        return true; //destroy fake mill item
    }

    return false;
}

bool item::process_fake_smoke( player * /*carrier*/, const tripoint &pos )
{
    if( g->m.furn( pos ) != furn_str_id( "f_smoking_rack_active" ) &&
        g->m.furn( pos ) != furn_str_id( "f_metal_smoking_rack_active" ) ) {
        item_counter = 0;
        return true; //destroy fake smoke
    }

    if( age() >= 6_hours || item_counter == 0 ) {
        iexamine::on_smoke_out( pos, birthday() ); //activate effects when timers goes to zero
        return true; //destroy fake smoke when it 'burns out'
    }

    return false;
}

bool item::process_litcig( player *carrier, const tripoint &pos )
{
    if( !one_in( 10 ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    process_extinguish( carrier, pos );
    // process_extinguish might have extinguished the item already
    if( !active ) {
        return false;
    }
    // if carried by someone:
    if( carrier != nullptr ) {
        time_duration duration = 15_seconds;
        if( carrier->has_trait( trait_id( "TOLERANCE" ) ) ) {
            duration = 7_seconds;
        } else if( carrier->has_trait( trait_id( "LIGHTWEIGHT" ) ) ) {
            duration = 30_seconds;
        }
        carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_neutral, _( "You take a puff of your %s." ), tname() );
        if( has_flag( "TOBACCO" ) ) {
            carrier->add_effect( effect_cig, duration );
        } else {
            carrier->add_effect( effect_weed_high, duration / 2 );
        }
        carrier->moves -= 15;

        if( ( carrier->has_effect( effect_shakes ) && one_in( 10 ) ) ||
            ( carrier->has_trait( trait_id( "JITTERY" ) ) && one_in( 200 ) ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "Your shaking hand causes you to drop your %s." ),
                                        tname() );
            g->m.add_item_or_charges( pos + point( rng( -1, 1 ), rng( -1, 1 ) ), *this );
            return true; // removes the item that has just been added to the map
        }

        if( carrier->has_effect( effect_sleep ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "You fall asleep and drop your %s." ),
                                        tname() );
            g->m.add_item_or_charges( pos + point( rng( -1, 1 ), rng( -1, 1 ) ), *this );
            return true; // removes the item that has just been added to the map
        }
    } else {
        // If not carried by someone, but laying on the ground:
        if( item_counter % 5 == 0 ) {
            // lit cigarette can start fires
            if( g->m.flammable_items_at( pos ) ||
                g->m.has_flag( "FLAMMABLE", pos ) ||
                g->m.has_flag( "FLAMMABLE_ASH", pos ) ) {
                g->m.add_field( pos, fd_fire, 1 );
            }
        }
    }

    // cig dies out
    if( item_counter == 0 ) {
        if( carrier != nullptr ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_neutral, _( "You finish your %s." ), tname() );
        }
        if( typeId() == "cig_lit" ) {
            convert( "cig_butt" );
        } else if( typeId() == "cigar_lit" ) {
            convert( "cigar_butt" );
        } else { // joint
            convert( "joint_roach" );
            if( carrier != nullptr ) {
                carrier->add_effect( effect_weed_high, 1_minutes ); // one last puff
                g->m.add_field( pos + point( rng( -1, 1 ), rng( -1, 1 ) ), fd_weedsmoke, 2 );
                weed_msg( *carrier );
            }
        }
        active = false;
    }
    // Item remains
    return false;
}

bool item::process_extinguish( player *carrier, const tripoint &pos )
{
    // checks for water
    bool extinguish = false;
    bool in_inv = carrier != nullptr && carrier->has_item( *this );
    bool submerged = false;
    bool precipitation = false;
    bool windtoostrong = false;
    w_point weatherPoint = *g->weather.weather_precise;
    int windpower = g->weather.windspeed;
    switch( g->weather.weather ) {
        case WEATHER_DRIZZLE:
        case WEATHER_FLURRIES:
            precipitation = one_in( 50 );
            break;
        case WEATHER_RAINY:
        case WEATHER_SNOW:
            precipitation = one_in( 25 );
            break;
        case WEATHER_THUNDER:
        case WEATHER_LIGHTNING:
        case WEATHER_SNOWSTORM:
            precipitation = one_in( 10 );
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    if( in_inv && g->m.has_flag( "DEEP_WATER", pos ) ) {
        extinguish = true;
        submerged = true;
    }
    if( ( !in_inv && g->m.has_flag( "LIQUID", pos ) ) ||
        ( precipitation && !g->is_sheltered( pos ) ) ) {
        extinguish = true;
    }
    if( in_inv && windpower > 5 && !g->is_sheltered( pos ) &&
        this->has_flag( "WIND_EXTINGUISH" ) ) {
        windtoostrong = true;
        extinguish = true;
    }
    if( !extinguish ||
        ( in_inv && precipitation && carrier->weapon.has_flag( "RAIN_PROTECT" ) ) ) {
        return false; //nothing happens
    }
    if( carrier != nullptr ) {
        if( submerged ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_neutral, _( "Your %s is quenched by water." ), tname() );
        } else if( precipitation ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_neutral, _( "Your %s is quenched by precipitation." ),
                                        tname() );
        } else if( windtoostrong ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_neutral, _( "Your %s is blown out by the wind." ),
                                        tname() );
        }
    }

    // cig dies out
    if( has_flag( "LITCIG" ) ) {
        if( typeId() == "cig_lit" ) {
            convert( "cig_butt" );
        } else if( typeId() == "cigar_lit" ) {
            convert( "cigar_butt" );
        } else { // joint
            convert( "joint_roach" );
        }
    } else { // transform (lit) items
        if( type->tool->revert_to ) {
            convert( *type->tool->revert_to );
        } else {
            type->invoke( carrier != nullptr ? *carrier : g->u, *this, pos, "transform" );
        }

    }
    active = false;
    // Item remains
    return false;
}

cata::optional<tripoint> item::get_cable_target( player *p, const tripoint &pos ) const
{
    const std::string &state = get_var( "state" );
    if( state != "pay_out_cable" && state != "cable_charger_link" ) {
        return cata::nullopt;
    }
    const optional_vpart_position vp_pos = g->m.veh_at( pos );
    if( vp_pos ) {
        const cata::optional<vpart_reference> seat = vp_pos.part_with_feature( "BOARDABLE", true );
        if( seat && p == seat->vehicle().get_passenger( seat->part_index() ) ) {
            return pos;
        }
    }

    int source_x = get_var( "source_x", 0 );
    int source_y = get_var( "source_y", 0 );
    int source_z = get_var( "source_z", 0 );
    tripoint source( source_x, source_y, source_z );

    return g->m.getlocal( source );
}

bool item::process_cable( player *carrier, const tripoint &pos )
{
    if( carrier == nullptr ) {
        reset_cable( carrier );
        return false;
    }
    std::string state = get_var( "state" );
    if( state == "solar_pack_link" || state == "solar_pack" ) {
        if( !carrier->has_item( *this ) || ( !carrier->is_wearing( "solarpack_on" ) ||
                                             !carrier->is_wearing( "q_solarpack_on" ) ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "You notice the cable has come loose!" ) );
            reset_cable( carrier );
            return false;
        }
    }

    static const item_filter used_ups = [&]( const item & itm ) {
        return itm.get_var( "cable" ) == "plugged_in";
    };

    if( state == "UPS" ) {
        if( !carrier->has_item( *this ) || !carrier->has_item_with( used_ups ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "You notice the cable has come loose!" ) );
            for( item *used : carrier->items_with( used_ups ) ) {
                used->erase_var( "cable" );
            }
            reset_cable( carrier );
            return false;
        }
    }
    const cata::optional<tripoint> source = get_cable_target( carrier, pos );
    if( !source ) {
        return false;
    }

    if( !g->m.veh_at( *source ) || ( source->z != g->get_levz() && !g->m.has_zlevels() ) ) {
        if( carrier != nullptr && carrier->has_item( *this ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "You notice the cable has come loose!" ) );
        }
        reset_cable( carrier );
        return false;
    }

    int distance = rl_dist( pos, *source );
    int max_charges = type->maximum_charges();
    charges = max_charges - distance;

    if( charges < 1 ) {
        if( carrier != nullptr && carrier->has_item( *this ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "The over-extended cable breaks loose!" ) );
        }
        reset_cable( carrier );
    }

    return false;
}

void item::reset_cable( player *p )
{
    int max_charges = type->maximum_charges();

    set_var( "state", "attach_first" );
    erase_var( "source_x" );
    erase_var( "source_y" );
    erase_var( "source_z" );
    active = false;
    charges = max_charges;

    if( p != nullptr ) {
        p->add_msg_if_player( m_info, _( "You reel in the cable." ) );
        p->moves -= charges * 10;
    }
}

bool item::process_UPS( player *carrier, const tripoint & /*pos*/ )
{
    if( carrier == nullptr ) {
        erase_var( "cable" );
        active = false;
        return false;
    }
    bool has_connected_cable = carrier->has_item_with( []( const item & it ) {
        return it.active && it.has_flag( "CABLE_SPOOL" ) && ( it.get_var( "state" ) == "UPS_link" ||
                it.get_var( "state" ) == "UPS" );
    } );
    if( !has_connected_cable ) {
        erase_var( "cable" );
        active = false;
    }
    return false;
}

bool item::process_wet( player * /*carrier*/, const tripoint & /*pos*/ )
{
    if( item_counter == 0 ) {
        if( is_tool() && type->tool->revert_to ) {
            convert( *type->tool->revert_to );
        }
        item_tags.erase( "WET" );
        active = false;
    }
    // Always return true so our caller will bail out instead of processing us as a tool.
    return true;
}

bool item::process_tool( player *carrier, const tripoint &pos )
{
    int energy = 0;
    if( type->tool->turns_per_charge > 0 &&
        to_turn<int>( calendar::turn ) % type->tool->turns_per_charge == 0 ) {
        energy = std::max( ammo_required(), 1 );

    } else if( type->tool->power_draw > 0 ) {
        // power_draw in mW / 1000000 to give kJ (battery unit) per second
        energy = type->tool->power_draw / 1000000;
        // energy_bat remainder results in chance at additional charge/discharge
        energy += x_in_y( type->tool->power_draw % 1000000, 1000000 ) ? 1 : 0;
    }
    energy -= ammo_consume( energy, pos );

    // for items in player possession if insufficient charges within tool try UPS
    if( carrier && has_flag( "USE_UPS" ) ) {
        if( carrier->use_charges_if_avail( "UPS", energy ) ) {
            energy = 0;
        }
    }

    // if insufficient available charges shutdown the tool
    if( energy > 0 ) {
        if( carrier && has_flag( "USE_UPS" ) ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_info, _( "You need an UPS to run the %s!" ), tname() );
        }

        // invoking the object can convert the item to another type
        const bool had_revert_to = type->tool->revert_to.has_value();
        type->invoke( carrier != nullptr ? *carrier : g->u, *this, pos );
        if( had_revert_to ) {
            deactivate( carrier );
            return false;
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    type->tick( carrier != nullptr ? *carrier : g->u, *this, pos );
    return false;
}

bool item::process_blackpowder_fouling( player *carrier )
{
    if( damage() < max_damage() && one_in( 2000 ) ) {
        inc_damage( DT_ACID );
        carrier->add_msg_if_player( m_bad, _( "Your %s rusts due to blackpowder fouling." ), tname() );
    }
    return false;
}

bool item::process( player *carrier, const tripoint &pos, bool activate,
                    float insulation, const temperature_flag flag )
{
    const bool preserves = type->container && type->container->preserves;
    for( auto it = contents.begin(); it != contents.end(); ) {
        if( preserves ) {
            // Simulate that the item has already "rotten" up to last_rot_check, but as item::rot
            // is not changed, the item is still fresh.
            it->last_rot_check = calendar::turn;
        }
        if( it->process( carrier, pos, activate, type->insulation_factor * insulation, flag ) ) {
            it = contents.erase( it );
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }

    if( has_flag( "ETHEREAL_ITEM" ) ) {
        if( !has_var( "ethereal" ) ) {
            return true;
        }
        set_var( "ethereal", std::stoi( get_var( "ethereal" ) ) - 1 );
        const bool processed = std::stoi( get_var( "ethereal" ) ) <= 0;
        if( processed && carrier != nullptr ) {
            carrier->add_msg_if_player( _( "%s %s disappears!" ), carrier->disp_name( true ), tname() );
        }
        return processed;
    }

    if( faults.count( fault_gun_blackpowder ) ) {
        return process_blackpowder_fouling( carrier );
    }

    if( activate ) {
        return type->invoke( carrier != nullptr ? *carrier : g->u, *this, pos );
    }
    // How this works: it checks what kind of processing has to be done
    // (e.g. for food, for drying towels, lit cigars), and if that matches,
    // call the processing function. If that function returns true, the item
    // has been destroyed by the processing, so no further processing has to be
    // done.
    // Otherwise processing continues. This allows items that are processed as
    // food and as litcig and as ...

    // Remaining stuff is only done for active items.
    if( !active ) {
        return false;
    }

    if( !is_food() && item_counter > 0 ) {
        item_counter--;
    }

    if( item_counter == 0 && type->countdown_action ) {
        type->countdown_action.call( carrier ? *carrier : g->u, *this, false, pos );
        if( type->countdown_destroy ) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    for( const emit_id &e : type->emits ) {
        g->m.emit_field( pos, e );
    }

    if( has_flag( "FAKE_SMOKE" ) && process_fake_smoke( carrier, pos ) ) {
        return true;
    }
    if( has_flag( "FAKE_MILL" ) && process_fake_mill( carrier, pos ) ) {
        return true;
    }
    if( is_corpse() && process_corpse( carrier, pos ) ) {
        return true;
    }
    if( has_flag( "WET" ) && process_wet( carrier, pos ) ) {
        // Drying items are never destroyed, but we want to exit so they don't get processed as tools.
        return false;
    }
    if( has_flag( "LITCIG" ) && process_litcig( carrier, pos ) ) {
        return true;
    }
    if( ( has_flag( "WATER_EXTINGUISH" ) || has_flag( "WIND_EXTINGUISH" ) ) &&
        process_extinguish( carrier, pos ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    if( has_flag( "CABLE_SPOOL" ) ) {
        // DO NOT process this as a tool! It really isn't!
        return process_cable( carrier, pos );
    }
    if( has_flag( "IS_UPS" ) ) {
        // DO NOT process this as a tool! It really isn't!
        return process_UPS( carrier, pos );
    }
    if( is_tool() ) {
        return process_tool( carrier, pos );
    }
    // All foods that go bad have temperature
    if( has_temperature() ) {
        process_temperature_rot( insulation, pos, carrier, flag );
    }

    return false;
}

void item::mod_charges( int mod )
{
    if( has_infinite_charges() ) {
        return;
    }

    if( !count_by_charges() ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to remove %s by charges, but item is not counted by charges.", tname() );
    } else if( mod < 0 && charges + mod < 0 ) {
        debugmsg( "Tried to remove charges that do not exist, removing maximum available charges instead." );
        charges = 0;
    } else if( mod > 0 && charges >= INFINITE_CHARGES - mod ) {
        charges = INFINITE_CHARGES - 1; // Highly unlikely, but finite charges should not become infinite.
    } else {
        charges += mod;
    }
}

bool item::has_effect_when_wielded( art_effect_passive effect ) const
{
    if( !type->artifact ) {
        return false;
    }
    const std::vector<art_effect_passive> &ew = type->artifact->effects_wielded;
    return std::find( ew.begin(), ew.end(), effect ) != ew.end();
}

bool item::has_effect_when_worn( art_effect_passive effect ) const
{
    if( !type->artifact ) {
        return false;
    }
    const std::vector<art_effect_passive> &ew = type->artifact->effects_worn;
    return std::find( ew.begin(), ew.end(), effect ) != ew.end();
}

bool item::has_effect_when_carried( art_effect_passive effect ) const
{
    if( !type->artifact ) {
        return false;
    }
    const std::vector<art_effect_passive> &ec = type->artifact->effects_carried;
    if( std::find( ec.begin(), ec.end(), effect ) != ec.end() ) {
        return true;
    }
    for( const item &i : contents ) {
        if( i.has_effect_when_carried( effect ) ) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool item::is_seed() const
{
    return type->seed.has_value();
}

time_duration item::get_plant_epoch() const
{
    if( !type->seed ) {
        return 0_turns;
    }
    // Growing times have been based around real world season length rather than
    // the default in-game season length to give
    // more accuracy for longer season lengths
    // Also note that seed->grow is the time it takes from seeding to harvest, this is
    // divided by 3 to get the time it takes from one plant state to the next.
    // TODO: move this into the islot_seed
    return type->seed->grow * calendar::season_ratio() / 3;
}

std::string item::get_plant_name() const
{
    if( !type->seed ) {
        return std::string{};
    }
    return type->seed->plant_name.translated();
}

bool item::is_dangerous() const
{
    if( has_flag( "DANGEROUS" ) ) {
        return true;
    }

    // Note: Item should be dangerous regardless of what type of a container is it
    // Visitable interface would skip some options
    return std::any_of( contents.begin(), contents.end(), []( const item & it ) {
        return it.is_dangerous();
    } );
}

bool item::is_tainted() const
{
    return corpse && corpse->has_flag( MF_POISON );
}

bool item::is_soft() const
{
    const std::vector<material_id> mats = made_of();
    return std::any_of( mats.begin(), mats.end(), []( const material_id & mid ) {
        return mid.obj().soft();
    } );
}

bool item::is_reloadable() const
{
    if( has_flag( "NO_RELOAD" ) && !has_flag( "VEHICLE" ) ) {
        return false; // turrets ignore NO_RELOAD flag

    } else if( is_bandolier() ) {
        return true;

    } else if( is_container() ) {
        return true;

    } else if( !is_gun() && !is_tool() && !is_magazine() ) {
        return false;

    } else if( ammo_types().empty() ) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

std::string item::type_name( unsigned int quantity ) const
{
    const auto iter = item_vars.find( "name" );
    bool f_dressed = has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS" ) || has_flag( "FIELD_DRESS_FAILED" );
    bool quartered = has_flag( "QUARTERED" );
    bool skinned = has_flag( "SKINNED" );
    if( corpse != nullptr && has_flag( "CORPSE" ) ) {
        if( corpse_name.empty() ) {
            if( skinned && !f_dressed && !quartered ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "skinned %s corpse", "skinned %s corpses", quantity ),
                                      corpse->nname() );
            } else if( skinned && f_dressed && !quartered ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "skinned %s carcass", "skinned %s carcasses",
                                                 quantity ), corpse->nname() );
            } else if( f_dressed && !quartered ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "%s carcass",
                                                 "%s carcasses", quantity ),
                                      corpse->nname() );
            } else if( f_dressed && quartered ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "quartered %s carcass",
                                                 "quartered %s carcasses", quantity ),
                                      corpse->nname() );
            }
            return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "%s corpse",
                                             "%s corpses", quantity ),
                                  corpse->nname() );
        } else {
            if( skinned && !f_dressed && !quartered ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "skinned %s corpse of %s", "skinned %s corpses of %s",
                                                 quantity ), corpse->nname(), corpse_name );
            } else if( skinned && f_dressed && !quartered ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "skinned %s carcass of %s",
                                                 "skinned %s carcasses of %s", quantity ), corpse->nname(), corpse_name );
            } else            if( f_dressed && !quartered && !skinned ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "%s carcass of %s",
                                                 "%s carcasses of %s", quantity ),
                                      corpse->nname(), corpse_name );
            } else if( f_dressed && quartered && !skinned ) {
                return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "quartered %s carcass",
                                                 "quartered %s carcasses", quantity ),
                                      corpse->nname() );
            }
            return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "%s corpse of %s",
                                             "%s corpses of %s", quantity ),
                                  corpse->nname(), corpse_name );
        }
    } else if( typeId() == "blood" ) {
        if( corpse == nullptr || corpse->id.is_null() ) {
            return npgettext( "item name", "human blood", "human blood", quantity );
        } else {
            return string_format( npgettext( "item name", "%s blood",
                                             "%s blood",  quantity ),
                                  corpse->nname() );
        }
    } else if( iter != item_vars.end() ) {
        return iter->second;
    } else {
        return type->nname( quantity );
    }
}

std::string item::get_corpse_name()
{
    if( corpse_name.empty() ) {
        return std::string();
    }
    return corpse_name;
}

std::string item::nname( const itype_id &id, unsigned int quantity )
{
    const itype *t = find_type( id );
    return t->nname( quantity );
}

bool item::count_by_charges( const itype_id &id )
{
    const itype *t = find_type( id );
    return t->count_by_charges();
}

bool item::type_is_defined( const itype_id &id )
{
    return item_controller->has_template( id );
}

const itype *item::find_type( const itype_id &type )
{
    return item_controller->find_template( type );
}

int item::get_gun_ups_drain() const
{
    int draincount = 0;
    if( type->gun ) {
        draincount += type->gun->ups_charges;
        for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
            draincount += mod->type->gunmod->ups_charges;
        }
    }
    return draincount;
}

bool item::has_label() const
{
    return has_var( "item_label" );
}

std::string item::label( unsigned int quantity ) const
{
    if( has_label() ) {
        return get_var( "item_label" );
    }

    return type_name( quantity );
}

bool item::has_infinite_charges() const
{
    return charges == INFINITE_CHARGES;
}

skill_id item::contextualize_skill( const skill_id &id ) const
{
    if( id->is_contextual_skill() ) {
        static const skill_id weapon_skill( "weapon" );

        if( id == weapon_skill ) {
            if( is_gun() ) {
                return gun_skill();
            } else if( is_melee() ) {
                return melee_skill();
            }
        }
    }

    return id;
}

bool item::is_filthy() const
{
    return has_flag( "FILTHY" ) && ( get_option<bool>( "FILTHY_MORALE" ) ||
                                     g->u.has_trait( trait_id( "SQUEAMISH" ) ) );
}

bool item::on_drop( const tripoint &pos )
{
    return on_drop( pos, g->m );
}

bool item::on_drop( const tripoint &pos, map &m )
{
    // dropping liquids, even currently frozen ones, on the ground makes them
    // dirty
    if( made_of_from_type( LIQUID ) && !m.has_flag( "LIQUIDCONT", pos ) &&
        !item_tags.count( "DIRTY" ) ) {
        item_tags.insert( "DIRTY" );
    }

    g->u.flag_encumbrance();
    return type->drop_action && type->drop_action.call( g->u, *this, false, pos );
}

time_duration item::age() const
{
    return calendar::turn - birthday();
}

void item::set_age( const time_duration &age )
{
    set_birthday( time_point( calendar::turn ) - age );
}

time_point item::birthday() const
{
    return bday;
}

void item::set_birthday( const time_point &bday )
{
    this->bday = std::max( calendar::turn_zero, bday );
}

bool item::is_upgrade() const
{
    if( !type->bionic ) {
        return false;
    }
    return type->bionic->is_upgrade;
}

int item::get_min_str() const
{
    if( type->gun ) {
        int min_str = type->min_str;
        for( const item *mod : gunmods() ) {
            min_str += mod->type->gunmod->min_str_required_mod;
        }
        return min_str > 0 ? min_str : 0;
    } else {
        return type->min_str;
    }
}

std::vector<item_comp> item::get_uncraft_components() const
{
    std::vector<item_comp> ret;
    if( components.empty() ) {
        //If item wasn't crafted with specific components use default recipe
        std::vector<std::vector<item_comp>> recipe = recipe_dictionary::get_uncraft(
                                             typeId() ).disassembly_requirements().get_components();
        for( std::vector<item_comp> &component : recipe ) {
            ret.push_back( component.front() );
        }
    } else {
        //Make a new vector of components from the registered components
        for( const item &component : components ) {
            ret.push_back( item_comp( component.typeId(), component.count() ) );
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

void item::set_favorite( const bool favorite )
{
    is_favorite = favorite;
}

const recipe &item::get_making() const
{
    if( !making ) {
        debugmsg( "'%s' is not a craft or has a null recipe", tname() );
        return recipe().ident().obj();
    }
    return *making;
}

void item::set_tools_to_continue( bool value )
{
    tools_to_continue = value;
}

bool item::has_tools_to_continue() const
{
    return tools_to_continue;
}

void item::set_cached_tool_selections( const std::vector<comp_selection<tool_comp>> &selections )
{
    cached_tool_selections = selections;
}

const std::vector<comp_selection<tool_comp>> &item::get_cached_tool_selections() const
{
    return cached_tool_selections;
}

const cata::optional<islot_comestible> &item::get_comestible() const
{
    if( is_craft() ) {
        return find_type( making->result() )->comestible;
    } else {
        return type->comestible;
    }
}

bool item::has_clothing_mod() const
{
    for( const clothing_mod &cm : clothing_mods::get_all() ) {
        if( item_tags.count( cm.flag ) > 0 ) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

float item::get_clothing_mod_val( clothing_mod_type type ) const
{
    const std::string key = CLOTHING_MOD_VAR_PREFIX + clothing_mods::string_from_clothing_mod_type(
                                type );
    return get_var( key, 0.0 );
}

void item::update_clothing_mod_val()
{
    for( const clothing_mod_type &type : clothing_mods::all_clothing_mod_types ) {
        const std::string key = CLOTHING_MOD_VAR_PREFIX + clothing_mods::string_from_clothing_mod_type(
                                    type );
        float tmp = 0.0;
        for( const clothing_mod &cm : clothing_mods::get_all_with( type ) ) {
            if( item_tags.count( cm.flag ) > 0 ) {
                tmp += cm.get_mod_val( type, *this );
            }
        }
        set_var( key, tmp );
    }
}