Fix using structure from insertion tables in case of defaults and explicit insert columns

[Avogar]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fix using structure from insertion tables in case of defaults and explicit insert columns. Closes #54619

Documentation entry for user-facing changes

• Documentation is written (mandatory for new features)

Information about CI checks: https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/development/continuous-integration/

[robot-clickhouse]

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Check name	Description	Status
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