Fix | Fix SQL Exception Error State length to respect SQLSTATE Standards

[cheenamalhotra]

Fixes #956

Calling SQLException.getErrorState() would result in SQL State of length more than 5 characters allowed as per SQL State Specifications. This fix restricts length of SQLException Error State and appends zeroes (0) as needed to Error State received from SQL Server.

As per SQL Server specifications, the values of ERROR_STATE ranges from 0 - 255 as one can raise an error with custom Error State using RAISEERROR as well. Accordingly, we must adjust trailing zeroes to the SQLException Error State.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #977 into dev will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 83.33%.

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                dev     #977      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     50.58%   50.56%   -0.02%     
- Complexity     2915     2918       +3     
============================================
  Files           120      120              
  Lines         27987    27991       +4     
  Branches       4678     4679       +1     
============================================
- Hits          14156    14155       -1     
- Misses        11535    11540       +5     
  Partials       2296     2296

Flag	Coverage Δ	Complexity Δ
#JDBC42	50.15% <83.33%> (+0.13%)	2879 <0> (+12)	⬆️
#JDBC43	50.51% <83.33%> (-0.01%)	2914 <0> (ø)

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ	Complexity Δ
...m/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/SQLServerException.java	78.1% <83.33%> (+0.65%)	33 <0> (+1)	⬆️
...om/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/ReaderInputStream.java	43.95% <0%> (-3.3%)	15% <0%> (ø)
...ncurrentlinkedhashmap/ConcurrentLinkedHashMap.java	38.36% <0%> (-1.08%)	42% <0%> (-2%)
...in/java/com/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/IOBuffer.java	55.58% <0%> (-0.17%)	0% <0%> (ø)
...rc/main/java/com/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/dtv.java	68.47% <0%> (-0.06%)	0% <0%> (ø)
...om/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/SQLServerBulkCopy.java	51.63% <0%> (+0.12%)	254% <0%> (+1%)	⬆️
...m/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/SQLServerResultSet.java	43.82% <0%> (+0.15%)	316% <0%> (+1%)	⬆️
...n/java/com/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/DataTypes.java	79.92% <0%> (+0.19%)	6% <0%> (+1%)	⬆️
...c/main/java/com/microsoft/sqlserver/jdbc/Util.java	62.5% <0%> (+0.43%)	91% <0%> (+1%)	⬆️

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