istream sentry objects are very expensive for single-character
operations, and since we don't configure exception masks for the
istreams used here they don't even do anything. all we need is
end-of-string checks and an advancing position in an immutable memory
buffer, both of which can be had for much cheaper than istreams allow.

the effect of this change is most apparent on empty stores.

before:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      7.167 s ±  0.013 s    [User: 5.528 s, System: 1.431 s]
  Range (min … max):    7.147 s …  7.182 s    10 runs

after:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.963 s ±  0.011 s    [User: 5.330 s, System: 1.421 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.943 s …  6.974 s    10 runs

more buffers that can be uninitialized and on the stack. small
difference, but still worth doing.

before:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.963 s ±  0.011 s    [User: 5.330 s, System: 1.421 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.943 s …  6.974 s    10 runs

after:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.952 s ±  0.015 s    [User: 5.294 s, System: 1.452 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.926 s …  6.974 s    10 runs

a bunch of derivation strings contain no escape sequences. we can
optimize for this fact by first scanning for the end of a derivation
string and simply returning the contents unmodified if no escape
sequences were found. to make this even more efficient we can also use
BackedStringViews to avoid copies, avoiding heap allocations for
transient data.

before:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.952 s ±  0.015 s    [User: 5.294 s, System: 1.452 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.926 s …  6.974 s    10 runs

after:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.907 s ±  0.012 s    [User: 5.272 s, System: 1.429 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.893 s …  6.926 s    10 runs

the table is very small compared to cache sizes and a single indexed
load is faster than three comparisons.

before:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.907 s ±  0.012 s    [User: 5.272 s, System: 1.429 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.893 s …  6.926 s    10 runs

after:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.883 s ±  0.016 s    [User: 5.250 s, System: 1.424 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.860 s …  6.905 s    10 runs

many paths need not be heap-allocated, and derivation env name/valye
pairs can be moved into the map.

before:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.883 s ±  0.016 s    [User: 5.250 s, System: 1.424 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.860 s …  6.905 s    10 runs

after:

Benchmark 1: nix eval --raw --impure --expr 'with import <nixpkgs/nixos> {}; system'
  Time (mean ± σ):      6.868 s ±  0.027 s    [User: 5.194 s, System: 1.466 s]
  Range (min … max):    6.828 s …  6.913 s    10 runs