Update vcpkg and improve build config

[magnesj]

Use vckpg.json to specify dependencies. Update build on github action accordingly.

Based on the description by Microsoft here
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcpkg/get_started/get-started?pivots=shell-powershell
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcpkg/consume/binary-caching-github-actions-cache
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcpkg/reference/vcpkg-configuration-json
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcpkg/reference/vcpkg-json

Previous work
#10429
magnesj#26