Improve type hint annotations to plasmapy.particles

[namurphy]

This PR is part of the process of adding & correcting type hints in plasmapy.particles, as a follow-up to my prior attempt in #2429.

I started this PR by using MonkeyType to generate type hints based on the types of variables while running pytest. I also made some manual updates following this.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 96.93%. Comparing base (20e60aa) to head (427b86c).
Report is 57 commits behind head on main.

❗ Current head 427b86c differs from pull request most recent head 2ea880c. Consider uploading reports for the commit 2ea880c to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2458   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   96.93%   96.93%           
=======================================
  Files         104      104           
  Lines        9163     9165    +2     
=======================================
+ Hits         8882     8884    +2     
  Misses        281      281           

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[namurphy]

I thought about creating a type alias variable for all of this since it gets repeated, but if we make _physical_particle_factory into a public function, the type alias variable would need to also be public so that the documentation build doesn't break...I think.

[ejohnson-96]

👍