refactor: clean up implementation & tests of models with hyperparameters

[lars-reimann]

Summary of Changes

• Add leading underscore to the names of all hyperparameters
• Add some comments to mark sections of a constructor
• Move all validation code to the front of the constructors
• Add missing validation of bounds
• Normalize structure of tests

[lars-reimann]

🦙 MegaLinter status: ✅ SUCCESS

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Elapsed time
✅ PYTHON	black	30	0	0	0.95s
✅ PYTHON	mypy	30		0	2.3s
✅ PYTHON	ruff	30	0	0	0.06s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	0.03s

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #261 (9248a45) into main (ec73260) will increase coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #261   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.23%   99.23%           
=======================================
  Files          44       44           
  Lines        1561     1569    +8     
=======================================
+ Hits         1549     1557    +8     
  Misses         12       12           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...feds/ml/classical/classification/_decision_tree.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...l/classical/classification/_logistic_regression.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...lassical/classification/_support_vector_machine.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...c/safeds/ml/classical/regression/_decision_tree.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...afeds/ml/classical/regression/_lasso_regression.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...feds/ml/classical/regression/_linear_regression.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...ml/classical/regression/_support_vector_machine.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/safeds/ml/classical/classification/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...c/safeds/ml/classical/classification/_ada_boost.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
.../ml/classical/classification/_gradient_boosting.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 9 more

[lars-reimann]

🎉 This PR is included in version 0.12.0 🎉

The release is available on:

• v0.12.0
• GitHub release

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