feat(checkver): Add option to throw error as exception

[CrendKing]

Description

Motivation and Context

Closes #4863

This is the core part of the change. The GitHub Action part is at ScoopInstaller/GithubActions#5.

How Has This Been Tested?

I created a Scoop bucket repo with some manifests in it. One manifest is intentionally old and requires update.

1. Make the manifest's autoupdate url wrong so it can't complete the autoupdate process.
2. Run the excavator workflow, observe the run completes successfully, though there is error message in the log (the option is disabled as default).
3. Add THROW_ERROR option to excavator.yml, make it '0'. Rerun the workflow. Observe the exact same result (because option is disabled as default).
4. Change THROW_ERROR to '1'. Rerun the workflow. Observe the run is now failed and GitHub sends notification to me. The log shows an error is thrown.

Checklist:

• I have read the Contributing Guide.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have updated the tests accordingly.

[rashil2000]

• Line 170 also needs a -ThrowError:$ThrowError
• Update changelog

[CrendKing]

Done. Any objection for the variable names?

[rashil2000]

LGTM