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translator.h
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translator.h
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// 17L-4125 Hamza Murad
// 17L-6315 Muhammad Wasiq
#include <iostream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <map>
#include "lexer.h"
using namespace std;
// CFG functions prototypes
void Program();
void RetStatement();
void IfStatement();
void InputStatement();
string ExpPrime(string);
string Term();
string F();
string TermPrime(string);
void FuncDec();
void Variable();
void DecParam();
void AnyCode();
int DataType();
string String();
string RelationOP();
string Character();
string Num();
string Identifier();
void Statement();
void MultiDec(string);
string Operand();
void LogicalOperand(vector<string>&);
void ConditionPrime(vector<string>&);
string PrintType();
string PrintPrime();
void IF(vector<int> &);
void Elif(vector<int> &);
void Else();
void VariableDec();
void VarAssign();
void WhileLoop();
void PrintStatement();
void FunctionCall();
void CallParams();
void MultiCallParams();
// globals
int varAddress = 0;
vector<string> TAC;
int tacLineCounter = 1;
int tacTempCounter = 0;
vector<tuple<int,int,int,int>> quad;
unordered_map<string, int> opcode_table;
unordered_map<string, tuple<string, int, int>> symbols;
void intialise_opcodes()
{
opcode_table[":="] = 1;
opcode_table["+"] = 2;
opcode_table["-"] = 3;
opcode_table["*"] = 4;
opcode_table["/"] = 5;
opcode_table["in"] = 6;
opcode_table["out"] = 7;
opcode_table["="] = 8;
opcode_table[">="] = 9;
opcode_table["<="] = 10;
opcode_table[">"] = 11;
opcode_table["<"] = 12;
opcode_table["goto"] = 13;
opcode_table["outln"] = 14;
opcode_table["/="] = 15;
}
string newTemp()
{
return "t" + to_string(++tacTempCounter);
}
// helper function
void throw_exception(string caller_error)
{
cout << "[ln: " << Token::look.curr_line << ", col: " << Token::look.col << "] " << caller_error << endl;
exit(1);
}
// symbol table generation
void write_symbol_table()
{
ofstream symbol_table("parser-symboltable.txt");
// write symbols in file
unordered_map<string, tuple<string, int, int>>::iterator itr;
for (itr = symbols.begin(); itr != symbols.end(); ++itr)
symbol_table << itr->first << " : " << get<0>(itr->second) << " : " << get<1>(itr->second) << " : " << get<2>(itr->second) << '\n';
symbol_table.close();
}
void add_to_symbol_table(string type, string name, int size, int initial_value)
{
if (symbols.find(name) == symbols.end())
symbols[name] = make_tuple(type, varAddress, initial_value);
else
throw_exception("Re-declaration found for'" + name + "'");
varAddress += size;
}
int get_symbol_address(string s)
{
if(symbols.find(s) != symbols.end())
return get<1>(symbols[s]);
else
throw_exception("No such symbol found:'" + s + "'");
}
void write_quads()
{
ofstream machine_code("machine-code.txt");
// write symbols in file
for (int i = 0 ; i < quad.size(); i++)
machine_code<< i + 1 << ") " << get<0>(quad[i]) << " " << get<1>(quad[i]) << " " << get<2>(quad[i]) << " " << get<3>(quad[i]) <<endl;
machine_code.close();
}
int add_to_quads(int opcode, int op1, int op2, int op3)
{
quad.push_back(make_tuple(opcode, op1, op2, op3));
return quad.size();
}
bool isNumber(const string& str)
{
for (char const &c : str) {
if (std::isdigit(c) == 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
string handle_numeric_constants(string s)
{
if(isNumber(s))
{
string tempName = newTemp();
add_to_symbol_table("Integer", tempName, 4, stoi(s));
return tempName;
}
else
return s;
}
int emit(string s)
{
string output = to_string(tacLineCounter) + ") " + s;
TAC.push_back(output);
return tacLineCounter++;
}
void backpatch(int lineNo, int value)
{
TAC[lineNo - 1] += to_string(value);
}
void write_TAC()
{
ofstream three_address_code("TAC.txt");
// write symbols in file
vector<string>::iterator itr;
for (itr = TAC.begin(); itr != TAC.end(); ++itr)
three_address_code << *itr << '\n';
three_address_code.close();
}
// parse tree generation functions
int tabs = 0;
ofstream parse_tree("parsetree.txt"); // global file pointer
void PrintTabs(string s)
{
// print tabs for each branch in the parse tree
if (tabs >= 1)
{
parse_tree << "|";
for (int i = 0; i < tabs - 1; i++)
parse_tree << "-";
parse_tree << "|";
}
parse_tree << s << endl;
}
// parser code
void Translator()
{
Program();
parse_tree.close();
}
void match(string tok)
{
// check if current token correct, and then fetch next
if (Token::look.lexeme == tok)
Token::look = next_token(Token::file_iter, Token::file_end);
else
throw_exception("Expected token '" + tok + "' but found '" + Token::look.lexeme + "'");
}
// Program -> FuncDec Program | ^
void Program()
{
++tabs;
if (Token::file_iter != Token::file_end)
{
PrintTabs("FuncDec");
FuncDec();
PrintTabs("Program");
Program();
}
else
PrintTabs("^");
--tabs;
}
//FUNCTIONS
//FuncDec -> func Variable ( DecParam ) { AnyCode }
void FuncDec()
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("func");
match("func");
PrintTabs("Variable");
DataType();
match(":");
Identifier();
PrintTabs("(");
match("(");
PrintTabs("DecParam");
DecParam();
PrintTabs(")");
match(")");
PrintTabs("{");
match("{");
PrintTabs("AnyCode");
AnyCode();
PrintTabs("}");
match("}");
tabs--;
}
//DecParam -> DataType : Identifier | , Variable DecParam | ^
void DecParam()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == PUNCTUATION)
{
PrintTabs(",");
match(",");
PrintTabs("Variable");
Variable();
PrintTabs("DecParam");
DecParam();
}
else if (Token::look.token == DATA_TYPE)
{
PrintTabs("Variable");
Variable();
PrintTabs("DecParam");
DecParam();
}
else
{
PrintTabs("^");
;
}
tabs--;
}
//FuncCall -> Identifier ( CallParams )
void FunctionCall()
{
tabs++;
Identifier();
PrintTabs("(");
match("(");
PrintTabs("CallParams");
CallParams();
PrintTabs(")");
match(")");
tabs--;
}
//CallParams -> Operand MultiCallParams | ^
void CallParams()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.lexeme == ")")
PrintTabs("^");
else
{
PrintTabs("Operand");
Operand();
PrintTabs("MultiCallParams");
MultiCallParams();
}
tabs--;
}
//MultiCallParams -> , Operand MultiCallParams| ^
void MultiCallParams()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.lexeme == ",")
{
PrintTabs(",");
match(",");
PrintTabs("Operand");
Operand();
PrintTabs("MutliCallParams");
MultiCallParams();
}
else
{
PrintTabs("^");
;
}
tabs--;
}
//Variable -> DataType : Identifier
void Variable()
{
tabs++;
string dtype = Token::look.lexeme;
int size = DataType();
PrintTabs(":");
match(":");
string id = Token::look.lexeme;
Identifier();
tabs--;
add_to_symbol_table(dtype, id, size, 0);
}
// AnyCode -> Statement ; AnyCode | ^
void AnyCode()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == DATA_TYPE || Token::look.token == IDENTIFIER || Token::look.lexeme == "while" ||
Token::look.lexeme == "print" || Token::look.lexeme == "println" || Token::look.lexeme == "In" ||
Token::look.lexeme == "if" || Token::look.lexeme == "ret")
{
PrintTabs("Statement");
Statement();
PrintTabs("AnyCode");
AnyCode();
}
else
PrintTabs("^");
tabs--;
}
//Statement -> VariableDec | VarAssign | WhileLoop | PrintStatement | InputStatement | IFStatement | RetStatement
void Statement()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == DATA_TYPE)
{
PrintTabs("VariableDec");
VariableDec();
PrintTabs(";");
match(";");
}
else if (Token::look.token == IDENTIFIER && peek_token().lexeme == "(")
{
PrintTabs("FunctionCall");
FunctionCall();
PrintTabs(";");
match(";");
}
else if (Token::look.token == IDENTIFIER)
{
PrintTabs("VarAssign");
VarAssign();
PrintTabs(";");
match(";");
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "while")
{
PrintTabs("WhileLoop");
WhileLoop();
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "print" || Token::look.lexeme == "println")
{
PrintTabs("PrintStatement");
PrintStatement();
PrintTabs(";");
match(";");
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "In")
{
PrintTabs("InputStatement");
InputStatement();
PrintTabs(";");
match(";");
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "if")
{
PrintTabs("IfStatement");
IfStatement();
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "ret")
{
PrintTabs("RetStatement");
RetStatement();
PrintTabs(";");
match(";");
}
else
throw_exception("Invalid Code statement found");
tabs--;
}
// ARITHMATIC EXPRESSION
// Exp -> Term Exp`
string Exp()
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("Term");
string term = Term();
PrintTabs("ExpPrime");
string secondTerm = ExpPrime(term);
tabs--;
return secondTerm;
}
// Exp` -> + Term Exp` | - Term Exp` | ^
string ExpPrime(string previous)
{
string retVal;
tabs++;
if (Token::look.lexeme == "+")
{
PrintTabs("+");
match("+");
PrintTabs("Term");
string term = Term();
previous = handle_numeric_constants(previous);
term = handle_numeric_constants(term);
string tempName = newTemp();
emit(tempName + ":=" + previous + "+" + term);
add_to_symbol_table("Integer", tempName, 4, 0);
add_to_quads(opcode_table["+"], get_symbol_address(previous), get_symbol_address(term), get_symbol_address(tempName));
PrintTabs("ExpPrime");
retVal = ExpPrime(tempName);
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "-")
{
PrintTabs("-");
match("-");
PrintTabs("Term");
string term = Term();
previous = handle_numeric_constants(previous);
term = handle_numeric_constants(term);
string tempName = newTemp();
emit(tempName + ":=" + previous + "-" + term);
add_to_symbol_table("Integer", tempName, 4, 0);
add_to_quads(opcode_table["-"], get_symbol_address(previous), get_symbol_address(term), get_symbol_address(tempName));
PrintTabs("ExpPrime");
retVal = ExpPrime(tempName);
}
else
{
PrintTabs("^");
retVal = previous;
}
--tabs;
return retVal;
}
// Term -> F Term`
string Term()
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("F");
string term = F();
PrintTabs("TermPrime");
string secondTerm = TermPrime(term);
tabs--;
return secondTerm;
}
// Term` -> * F Term` | / F Term` | ^
string TermPrime(string previous)
{
string retVal;
tabs++;
if (Token::look.lexeme == "*")
{
PrintTabs("*");
match("*");
PrintTabs("F");
string term = F();
previous = handle_numeric_constants(previous);
term = handle_numeric_constants(term);
string tempName = newTemp();
emit(tempName + ":=" + previous + "*" + term);
add_to_symbol_table("Integer", tempName, 4, 0);
add_to_quads(opcode_table["*"], get_symbol_address(previous), get_symbol_address(term), get_symbol_address(tempName));
PrintTabs("TermPrime");
retVal = TermPrime(tempName);
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "/")
{
PrintTabs("/");
match("/");
PrintTabs("F");
string term = F();
previous = handle_numeric_constants(previous);
term = handle_numeric_constants(term);
string tempName = newTemp();
emit(tempName + ":=" + previous + "/" + term);
add_to_symbol_table("Integer", tempName, 4, 0);
add_to_quads(opcode_table["/"], get_symbol_address(previous), get_symbol_address(term), get_symbol_address(tempName));
PrintTabs("TermPrime");
retVal = TermPrime(tempName);
}
else
{
PrintTabs("^");
retVal = previous;
}
tabs--;
return retVal;
}
// F -> Identifier | Num | ( Exp )
string F()
{
string retVal;
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == IDENTIFIER)
{
retVal = Identifier();
}
else if (Token::look.token == NUMBER)
{
retVal = Num();
}
else if (Token::look.lexeme == "(")
{
PrintTabs("(");
match("(");
PrintTabs("Exp");
retVal = Exp();
PrintTabs(")");
match(")");
}
else
throw_exception("Invalid expression found.");
tabs--;
return retVal;
}
// VariableDec -> Variable MultiDec
void VariableDec()
{
string current_dtype = Token::look.lexeme;
tabs++;
PrintTabs("Variable");
Variable();
PrintTabs("MultiDec");
MultiDec(current_dtype);
tabs--;
}
// MultiDec -> Identifier | , Identifier MultiDec
void MultiDec(string curr_dtype)
{
tabs++;
int size;
if (curr_dtype == "char")
size = 1;
else if (curr_dtype == "Integer")
size = 4;
if (Token::look.lexeme == ",")
{
PrintTabs(",");
match(",");
// save current declaration in symbol table
string id = Token::look.lexeme;
add_to_symbol_table(curr_dtype, id, size, 0);
Identifier();
PrintTabs("MultiDec");
MultiDec(curr_dtype);
}
else
{
PrintTabs("^");
;
}
tabs--;
}
// VarAssign -> Identifier := Operand
void VarAssign()
{
tabs++;
string id = Identifier();
PrintTabs(":=");
match(":=");
PrintTabs("Operand");
string op = Operand();
op = handle_numeric_constants(op);
emit(id + ":=" + op);
add_to_quads(opcode_table[":="], get_symbol_address(op), get_symbol_address(id), 0);
tabs--;
}
// Operand - > Character | EXP | funcCall
string Operand()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == CONST_LITERAL)
return Character();
else
{
PrintTabs("Exp");
return Exp();
}
tabs--;
}
// LOGICAL EXPRESSION
// Condition -> LogicalOperand ConditionPrime
vector<string> Condition()
{
vector<string> retVal;
tabs++;
PrintTabs("LogicalOperand");
LogicalOperand(retVal);
PrintTabs("ConditionPrime");
ConditionPrime(retVal);
tabs--;
return retVal;
}
// ConditionPrime -> RelationOP LogicalOperand | ^
void ConditionPrime(vector<string>& retVal)
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == RELATION_OPS)
{
retVal.push_back(RelationOP());
PrintTabs("LogicalOperand");
LogicalOperand(retVal);
}
else
PrintTabs("^");
tabs--;
}
// LogicalOperand -> Identifier | Num | Character
void LogicalOperand(vector<string>& retVal)
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == IDENTIFIER)
retVal.push_back(Identifier());
else if (Token::look.token == NUMBER)
retVal.push_back(Num());
else if (Token::look.token == CONST_LITERAL)
retVal.push_back(Character());
else
throw_exception("Invalid Logical operand found.");
tabs--;
}
// LOOPS
// WhileLoop -> while Condition : { AnyCode }
void WhileLoop()
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("while");
match("while");
PrintTabs("Condition");
vector<string> conditionString = Condition();
PrintTabs(":");
match(":");
PrintTabs("{");
match("{");
string op1 = handle_numeric_constants(conditionString[0]);
string ro = conditionString[1];
string op2 = handle_numeric_constants(conditionString[2]);
int nextLine = tacLineCounter + 2;
emit("if " + op1 + ro + op2 + " goto " + to_string(nextLine));
add_to_quads(opcode_table[ro], get_symbol_address(op1), get_symbol_address(op2), nextLine);
int whileStart = emit("goto ");
int quadStart = add_to_quads(opcode_table["goto"], 0, 0, 0);
PrintTabs("AnyCode");
AnyCode();
PrintTabs("}");
match("}");
emit("goto " + to_string(whileStart - 1));
add_to_quads(opcode_table["goto"], quadStart - 1, 0, 0);
backpatch(whileStart, tacLineCounter);
quad[quadStart - 1] = make_tuple(opcode_table["goto"], tacLineCounter, 0, 0);
tabs--;
}
// I/O
// PrintStatement -> PrintType ( PrintPrime )
void PrintStatement()
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("PrintType");
string type = PrintType();
PrintTabs("(");
match("(");
PrintTabs("PrintPrime");
string op = PrintPrime();
PrintTabs(")");
match(")");
op = handle_numeric_constants(op);
emit("out " + op);
add_to_quads(opcode_table["out"], get_symbol_address(op), 0, 0);
if (type == "println")
{
emit("outln");
add_to_quads(opcode_table["outln"], 0, 0, 0);
}
tabs--;
}
// PrintPrime -> Operand | String
string PrintPrime()
{
string retVal = "";
tabs++;
if (Token::look.token == STRING)
retVal += String();
else
{
PrintTabs("Operand");
retVal += Operand();
}
tabs--;
return retVal;
}
// InputStatement -> In >> Identifier
void InputStatement()
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("In");
match("In");
PrintTabs(">>");
match(">>");
string id = Identifier();
emit("in " + id);
add_to_quads(opcode_table["in"], get_symbol_address(id), 0, 0);
tabs--;
}
// BRANCHES
// IFStatement -> IF Elif Else
void IfStatement()
{
vector<int> else_patch;
tabs++;
PrintTabs("IF");
IF(else_patch);
PrintTabs("Elif");
Elif(else_patch);
PrintTabs("Else");
Else();
tabs--;
for (int i = 0; i < else_patch.size(); i++)
{
backpatch(else_patch[i], tacLineCounter);
quad[else_patch[i]-1] = make_tuple(opcode_table["goto"], tacLineCounter, 0, 0);
}
}
// IF -> if Condition : { AnyCode }
void IF(vector<int> &else_patch)
{
tabs++;
PrintTabs("if");
match("if");
PrintTabs("Condition");
vector<string> conditionString = Condition();
string op1 = handle_numeric_constants(conditionString[0]);
string ro = conditionString[1];
string op2 = handle_numeric_constants(conditionString[2]);
int nextLine = tacLineCounter + 2;
emit("if " + op1 + ro + op2 + " goto " + to_string(nextLine));
add_to_quads(opcode_table[ro], get_symbol_address(op1), get_symbol_address(op2), nextLine);
PrintTabs(":");
match(":");
PrintTabs("{");
match("{");
int ifFalse = emit("goto ");
int quadFalse = add_to_quads(opcode_table["goto"], 0, 0, 0);
PrintTabs("AnyCode");
AnyCode();
else_patch.push_back(emit("goto "));
add_to_quads(opcode_table["goto"], 0, 0, 0);
PrintTabs("}");
match("}");
backpatch(ifFalse, tacLineCounter);
quad[quadFalse - 1] = make_tuple(opcode_table["goto"], tacLineCounter, 0, 0);
tabs--;
}
// Else -> else { AnyCode } | ^
void Else()
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.lexeme == "else")
{
PrintTabs("else");
match("else");
PrintTabs("{");
match("{");
PrintTabs("AnyCode");
AnyCode();
PrintTabs("}");
match("}");
}
else
{
PrintTabs("^");
;
}
tabs--;
}
// Elif -> elif Condition : { AnyCode } Elif | ^
void Elif(vector<int> &else_patch)
{
tabs++;
if (Token::look.lexeme == "elif")
{
PrintTabs("elif");
match("elif");
PrintTabs("Condition");
vector<string> conditionString = Condition();
string op1 = handle_numeric_constants(conditionString[0]);
string ro = conditionString[1];
string op2 = handle_numeric_constants(conditionString[2]);
int nextLine = tacLineCounter + 2;
emit("if " + op1 + ro + op2 + " goto " + to_string(nextLine));
add_to_quads(opcode_table[ro], get_symbol_address(op1), get_symbol_address(op2), nextLine);
PrintTabs(":");
match(":");
PrintTabs("{");
match("{");
int ifFalse = emit("goto ");
int quadFalse = add_to_quads(opcode_table["goto"], 0, 0, 0);
PrintTabs("AnyCode");
AnyCode();
else_patch.push_back(emit("goto "));
add_to_quads(opcode_table["goto"], 0, 0, 0);
PrintTabs("}");
match("}");
backpatch(ifFalse, tacLineCounter);
quad[quadFalse - 1] = make_tuple(opcode_table["goto"], tacLineCounter, 0, 0);
PrintTabs("Elif");
Elif(else_patch);
}