Feature: add ExceptionMiddleware to handle processing exceptions

[Lancetnik]

We should provide users with a suitable mechanism to handle and process application exceptions like FastAPI does

I think the best way to make such mechanism suitable and flexable in the same time - implement it via special built-in middleware like in the following example:

Register handlers by constuctor:

from faststream import ExceptionMiddleware
from faststream.nats import NatsBroker

async def handle_value_exception(exc: ValueError): ...

async def handle_type_exception(exc: TypeError): ...

exception_handle_middleware = ExceptionMiddleware(
    {
        ValueError: handle_value_exception,
        TypeError: handle_type_exception,
    }
)

broker = NatsBroker(middlewares=(exception_handle_middleware,))

And register handlers by decorator:

from faststream import ExceptionMiddleware
from faststream.nats import NatsBroker

exception_handle_middleware = ExceptionMiddleware()

@exception_handle_middleware.add_handler(ValueError)
async def handle_value_exception(exc: ValueError): ...

@exception_handle_middleware.add_handler(TypeError)
async def handle_type_exception(exc: TypeError): ...

broker = NatsBroker(middlewares=(exception_handle_middleware,))