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Expo Universal Module Infrastructure.md

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Expo Universal Module Development Guide

This guide explains the standard configuration and tools for working on universal modules in this repository. One of our goals is to write a coherent, high-quality SDK that is consistent across APIs and stays reliable in a way that is sustainable for the Expo team. Another goal is to reuse knowledge from working on one module and apply it to others by reducing disparity and fragmentation between modules. Expo has many modules and we need to keep Expo and working on Expo simple.

Generating a new universal module using expo-cli command

expo-cli has specific command that would generate universal module that support TypeScript! Run:

  • expo generate-module [new module directory]
    • optional [new module directory] parameter lets you specify module name (e.g. expo generate-module expo-test-module would create expo-test-module. If ommited, the script will prompt you about it.
    • optional --template <template directory> will try to use provided <template directory> in universal module creation.

The Standard Configuration

We use a shared set of configuration files and tools like TypeScript across universal modules. The expo-module-scripts package is the source of truth for much of the configuration. With Yarn workspaces, all universal modules use the same version of expo-module-scripts, helping us structurally ensure we use the same configuration across modules and uniformly use the same versions of Babel, TypeScript, Jest, and other tools.

In a universal module, include expo-module-scripts as a development dependency in package.json:

{
  "devDependencies": {
    "expo-module-scripts": "^<latest version>"
  }
}

npm Scripts

expo-module-scripts also defines several scripts that are useful during development or should run during the npm lifecycle. Define these common scripts in package.json:

{
  "scripts": {
    "build": "expo-module build",
    "clean": "expo-module clean",
    "lint": "expo-module lint",
    "test": "expo-module test",
    "postinstall": "expo-module postinstall",
    "prepare": "expo-module prepare",
    "prepublishOnly": "expo-module prepublishOnly",
    "expo-module": "expo-module"
  }
}

The expo-module program is provided by expo-module-scripts. You can run yarn expo-module --help to see all of the commands. Several of the scripts are interactive and start file watchers as they are intended for human developers rather than CI. To run the commands in non-interactive mode, set the environment variable EXPO_NONINTERACTIVE=1.

Auto-generated Configuration Files

The postinstall script auto-generates configuration files in the package when necessary. For example, Babel looks for its configuration files in the package's directory. Commit these files to Git so we can track changes to these files. This also makes it possible to manually edit and commit those files if necessary.

Directory Structure

expo-module-scripts expects modules to be written in TypeScript under a directory named src and will compile the modules to a directory named build. In a universal module package, commit the build directory to Git. Only the people working on a module need to compile it instead of everyone needing to run tsc in each package whenever their local Git repository changes.

In package.json, define the main module of the package to be the compiled entry point under build:

{
  "main": "build/ExampleModule.js"
}

Running yarn clean will delete the build directory.

Compiling TypeScript

Run yarn build to compile the source code. This command starts a file watcher and compiles source files as they are edited and saved. You can also run yarn expo-module tsc to run tsc directly.

The postinstall script generates a small tsconfig.json file that extends the main configuration file inside of expo-module-scripts.

Fast Unit Tests

expo-module-scripts also defines a Jest preset. Add a Jest configuration section to package.json:

{
  "jest": {
    "preset": "expo-module-scripts"
  }
}

This preset enables TypeScript support with ts-jest. It creates a custom tsconfig.json file for Jest tests and configures Jest to run both TypeScript and Babel with babel-preset-expo so we more accurately transform the code as if it were part of an app.

Run yarn test to run Jest in watcher mode. By default, Jest will run tests affected by changed files and re-run tests when files are edited and saved. Since the unit tests run every time a file changes, we need to keep these tests fast and deterministic.

package.json Fields

Inside of package.json, set the repository and bugs URLs to the Expo repository. For the homepage URL, link to the source of the universal module.

{
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/expo/expo.git"
  },
  "author": "Expo",
  "license": "MIT",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/expo/expo/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/expo/expo/tree/main/packages/expo-sms"
}