service.go

// (c) 2019-2020, Ava Labs, Inc. All rights reserved.
// See the file LICENSE for licensing terms.

package avm

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"net/http"
	"strings"

	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/api"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/ids"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow/choices"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/constants"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/crypto"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/formatting"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/json"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/components/avax"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/components/verify"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/nftfx"
	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/secp256k1fx"

	safemath "github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/math"
)

const (
	// Max number of addresses that can be passed in as argument to GetUTXOs
	maxGetUTXOsAddrs = 1024

	// Max number of addresses allowed for a single keystore user
	maxKeystoreAddresses = 5000
)

var (
	errUnknownAssetID         = errors.New("unknown asset ID")
	errTxNotCreateAsset       = errors.New("transaction doesn't create an asset")
	errNoHolders              = errors.New("initialHolders must not be empty")
	errNoMinters              = errors.New("no minters provided")
	errInvalidAmount          = errors.New("amount must be positive")
	errNoOutputs              = errors.New("no outputs to send")
	errSpendOverflow          = errors.New("spent amount overflows uint64")
	errInvalidMintAmount      = errors.New("amount minted must be positive")
	errAddressesCantMintAsset = errors.New("provided addresses don't have the authority to mint the provided asset")
	errInvalidUTXO            = errors.New("invalid utxo")
	errNilTxID                = errors.New("nil transaction ID")
	errNoAddresses            = errors.New("no addresses provided")
	errNoKeys                 = errors.New("from addresses have no keys or funds")
)

// Service defines the base service for the asset vm
type Service struct{ vm *VM }

// FormattedAssetID defines a JSON formatted struct containing an assetID as a string
type FormattedAssetID struct {
	AssetID ids.ID `json:"assetID"`
}

// IssueTx attempts to issue a transaction into consensus
func (service *Service) IssueTx(r *http.Request, args *api.FormattedTx, reply *api.JSONTxID) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: IssueTx called with %s", args.Tx)

	encoding, err := service.vm.encodingManager.GetEncoding(args.Encoding)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem getting encoding formatter for '%s': %w", args.Encoding, err)
	}
	txBytes, err := encoding.ConvertString(args.Tx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem decoding transaction: %w", err)
	}
	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(txBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	return nil
}

// GetTxStatusReply defines the GetTxStatus replies returned from the API
type GetTxStatusReply struct {
	Status choices.Status `json:"status"`
}

// GetTxStatus returns the status of the specified transaction
func (service *Service) GetTxStatus(r *http.Request, args *api.JSONTxID, reply *GetTxStatusReply) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: GetTxStatus called with %s", args.TxID)

	if args.TxID.IsZero() {
		return errNilTxID
	}

	tx := UniqueTx{
		vm:   service.vm,
		txID: args.TxID,
	}

	reply.Status = tx.Status()
	return nil
}

// GetTx returns the specified transaction
func (service *Service) GetTx(r *http.Request, args *api.GetTxArgs, reply *api.FormattedTx) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: GetTx called with %s", args.TxID)

	if args.TxID.IsZero() {
		return errNilTxID
	}

	encoding, err := service.vm.encodingManager.GetEncoding(args.Encoding)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem getting encoding formatter for '%s': %w", args.Encoding, err)
	}

	tx := UniqueTx{
		vm:   service.vm,
		txID: args.TxID,
	}
	if status := tx.Status(); !status.Fetched() {
		return errUnknownTx
	}

	reply.Tx = encoding.ConvertBytes(tx.Bytes())
	reply.Encoding = encoding.Encoding()
	return nil
}

// Index is an address and an associated UTXO.
// Marks a starting or stopping point when fetching UTXOs. Used for pagination.
type Index struct {
	Address string `json:"address"` // The address as a string
	UTXO    string `json:"utxo"`    // The UTXO ID as a string
}

// GetUTXOsArgs are arguments for passing into GetUTXOs.
// Gets the UTXOs that reference at least one address in [Addresses].
// Returns at most [limit] addresses.
// If specified, [SourceChain] is the chain where the atomic UTXOs were exported from. If empty,
// or the Chain ID of this VM is specified, then GetUTXOs fetches the native UTXOs.
// If [limit] == 0 or > [maxUTXOsToFetch], fetches up to [maxUTXOsToFetch].
// [StartIndex] defines where to start fetching UTXOs (for pagination.)
// UTXOs fetched are from addresses equal to or greater than [StartIndex.Address]
// For address [StartIndex.Address], only UTXOs with IDs greater than [StartIndex.UTXO] will be returned.
// If [StartIndex] is omitted, gets all UTXOs.
// If GetUTXOs is called multiple times, with our without [StartIndex], it is not guaranteed
// that returned UTXOs are unique. That is, the same UTXO may appear in the response of multiple calls.
type GetUTXOsArgs struct {
	Addresses   []string    `json:"addresses"`
	SourceChain string      `json:"sourceChain"`
	Limit       json.Uint32 `json:"limit"`
	StartIndex  Index       `json:"startIndex"`
	Encoding    string      `json:"encoding"`
}

// GetUTXOsReply defines the GetUTXOs replies returned from the API
type GetUTXOsReply struct {
	// Number of UTXOs returned
	NumFetched json.Uint64 `json:"numFetched"`
	// The UTXOs
	UTXOs []string `json:"utxos"`
	// The last UTXO that was returned, and the address it corresponds to.
	// Used for pagination. To get the rest of the UTXOs, call GetUTXOs
	// again and set [StartIndex] to this value.
	EndIndex Index `json:"endIndex"`
	// Encoding specifies the encoding format the UTXOs are returned in
	Encoding string `json:"encoding"`
}

// GetUTXOs gets all utxos for passed in addresses
func (service *Service) GetUTXOs(r *http.Request, args *GetUTXOsArgs, reply *GetUTXOsReply) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: GetUTXOs called for with %s", args.Addresses)

	if len(args.Addresses) == 0 {
		return errNoAddresses
	}
	if len(args.Addresses) > maxGetUTXOsAddrs {
		return fmt.Errorf("number of addresses given, %d, exceeds maximum, %d", len(args.Addresses), maxGetUTXOsAddrs)
	}

	encoding, err := service.vm.encodingManager.GetEncoding(args.Encoding)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem getting encoding formatter for '%s': %w", args.Encoding, err)
	}

	sourceChain := ids.ID{}
	if args.SourceChain == "" {
		sourceChain = service.vm.ctx.ChainID
	} else {
		chainID, err := service.vm.ctx.BCLookup.Lookup(args.SourceChain)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing source chainID %q: %w", args.SourceChain, err)
		}
		sourceChain = chainID
	}

	addrSet := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.Addresses {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse address %q: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		addrSet.Add(addr)
	}

	startAddr := ids.ShortEmpty
	startUTXO := ids.Empty
	if args.StartIndex.Address != "" || args.StartIndex.UTXO != "" {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.StartIndex.Address)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse start index address %q: %w", args.StartIndex.Address, err)
		}
		utxo, err := ids.FromString(args.StartIndex.UTXO)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse start index utxo: %w", err)
		}

		startAddr = addr
		startUTXO = utxo
	}

	var (
		utxos     []*avax.UTXO
		endAddr   ids.ShortID
		endUTXOID ids.ID
	)
	if sourceChain.Equals(service.vm.ctx.ChainID) {
		utxos, endAddr, endUTXOID, err = service.vm.GetUTXOs(
			addrSet,
			startAddr,
			startUTXO,
			int(args.Limit),
		)
	} else {
		utxos, endAddr, endUTXOID, err = service.vm.GetAtomicUTXOs(
			sourceChain,
			addrSet,
			startAddr,
			startUTXO,
			int(args.Limit),
		)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving UTXOs: %w", err)
	}

	reply.UTXOs = make([]string, len(utxos))
	for i, utxo := range utxos {
		b, err := service.vm.codec.Marshal(utxo)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("problem marshalling UTXO: %w", err)
		}
		reply.UTXOs[i] = encoding.ConvertBytes(b)
	}

	endAddress, err := service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(endAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem formatting address: %w", err)
	}

	reply.EndIndex.Address = endAddress
	reply.EndIndex.UTXO = endUTXOID.String()
	reply.NumFetched = json.Uint64(len(utxos))
	reply.Encoding = encoding.Encoding()
	return nil
}

// GetAssetDescriptionArgs are arguments for passing into GetAssetDescription requests
type GetAssetDescriptionArgs struct {
	AssetID string `json:"assetID"`
}

// GetAssetDescriptionReply defines the GetAssetDescription replies returned from the API
type GetAssetDescriptionReply struct {
	FormattedAssetID
	Name         string     `json:"name"`
	Symbol       string     `json:"symbol"`
	Denomination json.Uint8 `json:"denomination"`
}

// GetAssetDescription creates an empty account with the name passed in
func (service *Service) GetAssetDescription(_ *http.Request, args *GetAssetDescriptionArgs, reply *GetAssetDescriptionReply) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: GetAssetDescription called with %s", args.AssetID)

	assetID, err := service.vm.lookupAssetID(args.AssetID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	tx := &UniqueTx{
		vm:   service.vm,
		txID: assetID,
	}
	if status := tx.Status(); !status.Fetched() {
		return errUnknownAssetID
	}
	createAssetTx, ok := tx.UnsignedTx.(*CreateAssetTx)
	if !ok {
		return errTxNotCreateAsset
	}

	reply.AssetID = assetID
	reply.Name = createAssetTx.Name
	reply.Symbol = createAssetTx.Symbol
	reply.Denomination = json.Uint8(createAssetTx.Denomination)

	return nil
}

// GetBalanceArgs are arguments for passing into GetBalance requests
type GetBalanceArgs struct {
	Address string `json:"address"`
	AssetID string `json:"assetID"`
}

// GetBalanceReply defines the GetBalance replies returned from the API
type GetBalanceReply struct {
	Balance json.Uint64   `json:"balance"`
	UTXOIDs []avax.UTXOID `json:"utxoIDs"`
}

// GetBalance returns the amount of an asset that an address at least partially owns
func (service *Service) GetBalance(r *http.Request, args *GetBalanceArgs, reply *GetBalanceReply) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: GetBalance called with address: %s assetID: %s", args.Address, args.AssetID)

	addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.Address)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing address '%s': %w", args.Address, err)
	}

	assetID, err := service.vm.lookupAssetID(args.AssetID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	addrSet := ids.ShortSet{}
	addrSet.Add(addr)

	utxos, _, _, err := service.vm.GetUTXOs(addrSet, ids.ShortEmpty, ids.Empty, -1)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving UTXOs: %w", err)
	}

	reply.UTXOIDs = make([]avax.UTXOID, 0, len(utxos))
	for _, utxo := range utxos {
		if !utxo.AssetID().Equals(assetID) {
			continue
		}
		transferable, ok := utxo.Out.(avax.TransferableOut)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		amt, err := safemath.Add64(transferable.Amount(), uint64(reply.Balance))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		reply.Balance = json.Uint64(amt)
		reply.UTXOIDs = append(reply.UTXOIDs, utxo.UTXOID)
	}

	return nil
}

// Balance ...
type Balance struct {
	AssetID string      `json:"asset"`
	Balance json.Uint64 `json:"balance"`
}

// GetAllBalancesReply is the response from a call to GetAllBalances
type GetAllBalancesReply struct {
	Balances []Balance `json:"balances"`
}

// GetAllBalances returns a map where:
//   Key: ID of an asset such that [args.Address] has a non-zero balance of the asset
//   Value: The balance of the asset held by the address
// Note that balances include assets that the address only _partially_ owns
// (ie is one of several addresses specified in a multi-sig)
func (service *Service) GetAllBalances(r *http.Request, args *api.JSONAddress, reply *GetAllBalancesReply) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: GetAllBalances called with address: %s", args.Address)

	address, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.Address)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing address '%s': %w", args.Address, err)
	}
	addrSet := ids.ShortSet{}
	addrSet.Add(address)

	utxos, _, _, err := service.vm.GetUTXOs(addrSet, ids.ShortEmpty, ids.Empty, -1)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't get address's UTXOs: %w", err)
	}

	assetIDs := ids.Set{}                 // IDs of assets the address has a non-zero balance of
	balances := make(map[[32]byte]uint64) // key: ID (as bytes). value: balance of that asset
	for _, utxo := range utxos {
		transferable, ok := utxo.Out.(avax.TransferableOut)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		assetID := utxo.AssetID()
		assetIDs.Add(assetID)
		balance := balances[assetID.Key()] // 0 if key doesn't exist
		balance, err := safemath.Add64(transferable.Amount(), balance)
		if err != nil {
			balances[assetID.Key()] = math.MaxUint64
		} else {
			balances[assetID.Key()] = balance
		}
	}

	reply.Balances = make([]Balance, assetIDs.Len())
	i := 0
	for assetIDKey := range assetIDs {
		assetID := ids.NewID(assetIDKey)
		if alias, err := service.vm.PrimaryAlias(assetID); err == nil {
			reply.Balances[i] = Balance{
				AssetID: alias,
				Balance: json.Uint64(balances[assetIDKey]),
			}
		} else {
			reply.Balances[i] = Balance{
				AssetID: assetID.String(),
				Balance: json.Uint64(balances[assetIDKey]),
			}
		}
		i++
	}

	return nil
}

// CreateFixedCapAssetArgs are arguments for passing into CreateFixedCapAsset requests
type CreateFixedCapAssetArgs struct {
	api.JSONSpendHeader           // User, password, from addrs, change addr
	Name                string    `json:"name"`
	Symbol              string    `json:"symbol"`
	Denomination        byte      `json:"denomination"`
	InitialHolders      []*Holder `json:"initialHolders"`
}

// Holder describes how much an address owns of an asset
type Holder struct {
	Amount  json.Uint64 `json:"amount"`
	Address string      `json:"address"`
}

// AssetIDChangeAddr is an asset ID and a change address
type AssetIDChangeAddr struct {
	FormattedAssetID
	api.JSONChangeAddr
}

// CreateFixedCapAsset returns ID of the newly created asset
func (service *Service) CreateFixedCapAsset(r *http.Request, args *CreateFixedCapAssetArgs, reply *AssetIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: CreateFixedCapAsset called with name: %s symbol: %s number of holders: %d",
		args.Name,
		args.Symbol,
		len(args.InitialHolders),
	)

	if len(args.InitialHolders) == 0 {
		return errNoHolders
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(kc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(kc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountsSpent, ins, keys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		utxos,
		kc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			avaxKey: service.vm.creationTxFee,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent > service.vm.creationTxFee {
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: amountSpent - service.vm.creationTxFee,
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	initialState := &InitialState{
		FxID: 0, // TODO: Should lookup secp256k1fx FxID
		Outs: make([]verify.State, 0, len(args.InitialHolders)),
	}
	for _, holder := range args.InitialHolders {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(holder.Address)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		initialState.Outs = append(initialState.Outs, &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
			Amt: uint64(holder.Amount),
			OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
				Threshold: 1,
				Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{addr},
			},
		})
	}
	initialState.Sort(service.vm.codec)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &CreateAssetTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		Name:         args.Name,
		Symbol:       args.Symbol,
		Denomination: args.Denomination,
		States:       []*InitialState{initialState},
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	assetID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.AssetID = assetID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// CreateVariableCapAssetArgs are arguments for passing into CreateVariableCapAsset requests
type CreateVariableCapAssetArgs struct {
	api.JSONSpendHeader          // User, password, from addrs, change addr
	Name                string   `json:"name"`
	Symbol              string   `json:"symbol"`
	Denomination        byte     `json:"denomination"`
	MinterSets          []Owners `json:"minterSets"`
}

// Owners describes who can perform an action
type Owners struct {
	Threshold json.Uint32 `json:"threshold"`
	Minters   []string    `json:"minters"`
}

// CreateVariableCapAsset returns ID of the newly created asset
func (service *Service) CreateVariableCapAsset(r *http.Request, args *CreateVariableCapAssetArgs, reply *AssetIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: CreateVariableCapAsset called with name: %s symbol: %s number of minters: %d",
		args.Name,
		args.Symbol,
		len(args.MinterSets),
	)

	if len(args.MinterSets) == 0 {
		return errNoMinters
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(kc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(kc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountsSpent, ins, keys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		utxos,
		kc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			avaxKey: service.vm.creationTxFee,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent > service.vm.creationTxFee {
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: amountSpent - service.vm.creationTxFee,
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	initialState := &InitialState{
		FxID: 0, // TODO: Should lookup secp256k1fx FxID
		Outs: make([]verify.State, 0, len(args.MinterSets)),
	}
	for _, owner := range args.MinterSets {
		minter := &secp256k1fx.MintOutput{
			OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
				Threshold: uint32(owner.Threshold),
				Addrs:     make([]ids.ShortID, 0, len(owner.Minters)),
			},
		}
		for _, address := range owner.Minters {
			addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(address)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			minter.Addrs = append(minter.Addrs, addr)
		}
		ids.SortShortIDs(minter.Addrs)
		initialState.Outs = append(initialState.Outs, minter)
	}
	initialState.Sort(service.vm.codec)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &CreateAssetTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		Name:         args.Name,
		Symbol:       args.Symbol,
		Denomination: args.Denomination,
		States:       []*InitialState{initialState},
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	assetID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.AssetID = assetID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// CreateNFTAssetArgs are arguments for passing into CreateNFTAsset requests
type CreateNFTAssetArgs struct {
	api.JSONSpendHeader          // User, password, from addrs, change addr
	Name                string   `json:"name"`
	Symbol              string   `json:"symbol"`
	MinterSets          []Owners `json:"minterSets"`
}

// CreateNFTAsset returns ID of the newly created asset
func (service *Service) CreateNFTAsset(r *http.Request, args *CreateNFTAssetArgs, reply *AssetIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: CreateNFTAsset called with name: %s symbol: %s number of minters: %d",
		args.Name,
		args.Symbol,
		len(args.MinterSets),
	)

	if len(args.MinterSets) == 0 {
		return errNoMinters
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(kc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(kc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountsSpent, ins, keys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		utxos,
		kc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			avaxKey: service.vm.creationTxFee,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent > service.vm.creationTxFee {
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: amountSpent - service.vm.creationTxFee,
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	initialState := &InitialState{
		FxID: 1, // TODO: Should lookup nftfx FxID
		Outs: make([]verify.State, 0, len(args.MinterSets)),
	}
	for i, owner := range args.MinterSets {
		minter := &nftfx.MintOutput{
			GroupID: uint32(i),
			OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
				Threshold: uint32(owner.Threshold),
			},
		}
		for _, address := range owner.Minters {
			addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(address)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			minter.Addrs = append(minter.Addrs, addr)
		}
		ids.SortShortIDs(minter.Addrs)
		initialState.Outs = append(initialState.Outs, minter)
	}
	initialState.Sort(service.vm.codec)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &CreateAssetTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		Name:         args.Name,
		Symbol:       args.Symbol,
		Denomination: 0, // NFTs are non-fungible
		States:       []*InitialState{initialState},
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	assetID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.AssetID = assetID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// CreateAddress creates an address for the user [args.Username]
func (service *Service) CreateAddress(r *http.Request, args *api.UserPass, reply *api.JSONAddress) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: CreateAddress called for user '%s'", args.Username)

	db, err := service.vm.ctx.Keystore.GetDatabase(args.Username, args.Password)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving user %q: %w", args.Username, err)
	}
	// Drop any potential error closing the database to report the original
	// error
	defer db.Close()

	user := userState{vm: service.vm}

	addresses, _ := user.Addresses(db)
	if len(addresses) >= maxKeystoreAddresses {
		return fmt.Errorf("keystore user has reached its limit of %d addresses", maxKeystoreAddresses)
	}

	factory := crypto.FactorySECP256K1R{}
	skIntf, err := factory.NewPrivateKey()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem generating private key: %w", err)
	}
	sk := skIntf.(*crypto.PrivateKeySECP256K1R)

	if err := user.SetKey(db, sk); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem saving private key: %w", err)
	}

	addresses = append(addresses, sk.PublicKey().Address())

	if err := user.SetAddresses(db, addresses); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem saving address: %w", err)
	}
	reply.Address, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(sk.PublicKey().Address())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem formatting address: %w", err)
	}

	// Return an error if the DB can't close, this will execute before the above
	// db close.
	return db.Close()
}

// ListAddresses returns all of the addresses controlled by user [args.Username]
func (service *Service) ListAddresses(_ *http.Request, args *api.UserPass, response *api.JSONAddresses) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: ListAddresses called for user '%s'", args.Username)

	db, err := service.vm.ctx.Keystore.GetDatabase(args.Username, args.Password)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving user '%s': %w", args.Username, err)
	}

	response.Addresses = []string{}

	user := userState{vm: service.vm}
	addresses, err := user.Addresses(db)
	if err != nil {
		return db.Close()
	}

	for _, address := range addresses {
		addr, err := service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(address)
		if err != nil {
			// Drop any potential error closing the database to report the
			// original error
			_ = db.Close()
			return fmt.Errorf("problem formatting address: %w", err)
		}
		response.Addresses = append(response.Addresses, addr)
	}
	return db.Close()
}

// ExportKeyArgs are arguments for ExportKey
type ExportKeyArgs struct {
	api.UserPass
	Address string `json:"address"`
}

// ExportKeyReply is the response for ExportKey
type ExportKeyReply struct {
	// The decrypted PrivateKey for the Address provided in the arguments
	PrivateKey string `json:"privateKey"`
}

// ExportKey returns a private key from the provided user
func (service *Service) ExportKey(r *http.Request, args *ExportKeyArgs, reply *ExportKeyReply) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: ExportKey called for user %q", args.Username)

	addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.Address)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing address %q: %w", args.Address, err)
	}

	db, err := service.vm.ctx.Keystore.GetDatabase(args.Username, args.Password)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving user %q: %w", args.Username, err)
	}

	user := userState{vm: service.vm}

	sk, err := user.Key(db, addr)
	if err != nil {
		// Drop any potential error closing the database to report the original
		// error
		_ = db.Close()
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving private key: %w", err)
	}

	reply.PrivateKey = constants.SecretKeyPrefix + formatting.CB58{Bytes: sk.Bytes()}.String()
	return db.Close()
}

// ImportKeyArgs are arguments for ImportKey
type ImportKeyArgs struct {
	api.UserPass
	PrivateKey string `json:"privateKey"`
}

// ImportKeyReply is the response for ImportKey
type ImportKeyReply struct {
	// The address controlled by the PrivateKey provided in the arguments
	Address string `json:"address"`
}

// ImportKey adds a private key to the provided user
func (service *Service) ImportKey(r *http.Request, args *ImportKeyArgs, reply *api.JSONAddress) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: ImportKey called for user '%s'", args.Username)

	db, err := service.vm.ctx.Keystore.GetDatabase(args.Username, args.Password)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving data: %w", err)
	}

	// Drop any potential error closing the database to report the original
	// error
	defer db.Close()

	user := userState{vm: service.vm}

	addresses, _ := user.Addresses(db)
	if len(addresses) >= maxKeystoreAddresses {
		return fmt.Errorf("keystore user has reached its limit of %d addresses", maxKeystoreAddresses)
	}

	if !strings.HasPrefix(args.PrivateKey, constants.SecretKeyPrefix) {
		return fmt.Errorf("private key missing %s prefix", constants.SecretKeyPrefix)
	}
	trimmedPrivateKey := strings.TrimPrefix(args.PrivateKey, constants.SecretKeyPrefix)
	formattedPrivateKey := formatting.CB58{}
	if err := formattedPrivateKey.FromString(trimmedPrivateKey); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing private key: %w", err)
	}

	factory := crypto.FactorySECP256K1R{}
	skIntf, err := factory.ToPrivateKey(formattedPrivateKey.Bytes)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing private key: %w", err)
	}
	sk := skIntf.(*crypto.PrivateKeySECP256K1R)

	if err := user.SetKey(db, sk); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem saving key %w", err)
	}

	newAddress := sk.PublicKey().Address()
	reply.Address, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(newAddress)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem formatting address: %w", err)
	}
	for _, address := range addresses {
		if newAddress.Equals(address) {
			return db.Close()
		}
	}

	addresses = append(addresses, newAddress)
	if err := user.SetAddresses(db, addresses); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem saving addresses: %w", err)
	}

	return db.Close()
}

// SendOutput specifies that [Amount] of asset [AssetID] be sent to [To]
type SendOutput struct {
	// The amount of funds to send
	Amount json.Uint64 `json:"amount"`

	// ID of the asset being sent
	AssetID string `json:"assetID"`

	// Address of the recipient
	To string `json:"to"`
}

// SendArgs are arguments for passing into Send requests
type SendArgs struct {
	// User, password, from addrs, change addr
	api.JSONSpendHeader

	// The amount, assetID, and destination to send funds to
	SendOutput

	// The addresses to send funds from
	// If empty, will send from any addresses
	// controlled by the given user
	From []string `json:"from"`

	// Memo field
	Memo string `json:"memo"`
}

// SendMultipleArgs are arguments for passing into SendMultiple requests
type SendMultipleArgs struct {
	// User, password, from addrs, change addr
	api.JSONSpendHeader

	// The outputs of the transaction
	Outputs []SendOutput `json:"outputs"`

	// The addresses to send funds from
	// If empty, will send from any addresses
	// controlled by the given user
	From []string `json:"from"`

	// Memo field
	Memo string `json:"memo"`
}

// Send returns the ID of the newly created transaction
func (service *Service) Send(r *http.Request, args *SendArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	return service.SendMultiple(r, &SendMultipleArgs{
		JSONSpendHeader: args.JSONSpendHeader,
		Outputs:         []SendOutput{args.SendOutput},
		From:            args.From,
		Memo:            args.Memo,
	}, reply)
}

// SendMultiple sends a transaction with multiple outputs.
func (service *Service) SendMultiple(r *http.Request, args *SendMultipleArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: Send called with username: %s", args.Username)

	// Validate the memo field
	memoBytes := []byte(args.Memo)
	if l := len(memoBytes); l > avax.MaxMemoSize {
		return fmt.Errorf("max memo length is %d but provided memo field is length %d", avax.MaxMemoSize, l)
	} else if len(args.Outputs) == 0 {
		return errNoOutputs
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'From' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Load user's UTXOs/keys
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(kc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(kc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Calculate required input amounts and create the desired outputs
	// String repr. of asset ID --> asset ID
	assetIDs := make(map[string]ids.ID)
	// Asset ID --> amount of that asset being sent
	amounts := make(map[[32]byte]uint64)
	// Outputs of our tx
	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	for _, output := range args.Outputs {
		if output.Amount == 0 {
			return errInvalidAmount
		}
		assetID, ok := assetIDs[output.AssetID] // Asset ID of next output
		if !ok {
			assetID, err = service.vm.lookupAssetID(output.AssetID)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("couldn't find asset %s", output.AssetID)
			}
			assetIDs[output.AssetID] = assetID
		}
		assetKey := assetID.Key() // ID as bytes
		currentAmount := amounts[assetKey]
		newAmount, err := safemath.Add64(currentAmount, uint64(output.Amount))
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("problem calculating required spend amount: %w", err)
		}
		amounts[assetKey] = newAmount

		// Parse the to address
		to, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(output.To)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing to address %q: %w", output.To, err)
		}

		// Create the Output
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: assetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: uint64(output.Amount),
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{to},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	amountsWithFee := make(map[[32]byte]uint64, len(amounts)+1)
	for assetKey, amount := range amounts {
		amountsWithFee[assetKey] = amount
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountWithFee, err := safemath.Add64(amounts[avaxKey], service.vm.txFee)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem calculating required spend amount: %w", err)
	}
	amountsWithFee[avaxKey] = amountWithFee

	amountsSpent, ins, keys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		utxos,
		kc,
		amountsWithFee,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Add the required change outputs
	for asset, amountWithFee := range amountsWithFee {
		assetID := ids.NewID(asset)
		amountSpent := amountsSpent[asset]

		if amountSpent > amountWithFee {
			outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
				Asset: avax.Asset{ID: assetID},
				Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
					Amt: amountSpent - amountWithFee,
					OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
						Locktime:  0,
						Threshold: 1,
						Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
					},
				},
			})
		}
	}
	avax.SortTransferableOutputs(outs, service.vm.codec)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
		NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
		BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
		Outs:         outs,
		Ins:          ins,
		Memo:         memoBytes,
	}}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// MintArgs are arguments for passing into Mint requests
type MintArgs struct {
	api.JSONSpendHeader             // User, password, from addrs, change addr
	Amount              json.Uint64 `json:"amount"`
	AssetID             string      `json:"assetID"`
	To                  string      `json:"to"`
}

// Mint issues a transaction that mints more of the asset
func (service *Service) Mint(r *http.Request, args *MintArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: Mint called with username: %s", args.Username)

	if args.Amount == 0 {
		return errInvalidMintAmount
	}

	assetID, err := service.vm.lookupAssetID(args.AssetID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	to, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.To)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing to address %q: %w", args.To, err)
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	feeUTXOs, feeKc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(feeKc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(feeKc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountsSpent, ins, keys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		feeUTXOs,
		feeKc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			avaxKey: service.vm.txFee,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent > service.vm.txFee {
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: amountSpent - service.vm.txFee,
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	// Get all UTXOs/keys for the user
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	ops, opKeys, err := service.vm.Mint(
		utxos,
		kc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			assetID.Key(): uint64(args.Amount),
		},
		to,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	keys = append(keys, opKeys...)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &OperationTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		Ops: ops,
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// SendNFTArgs are arguments for passing into SendNFT requests
type SendNFTArgs struct {
	api.JSONSpendHeader             // User, password, from addrs, change addr
	AssetID             string      `json:"assetID"`
	GroupID             json.Uint32 `json:"groupID"`
	To                  string      `json:"to"`
}

// SendNFT sends an NFT
func (service *Service) SendNFT(r *http.Request, args *SendNFTArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: SendNFT called with username: %s", args.Username)

	// Parse the asset ID
	assetID, err := service.vm.lookupAssetID(args.AssetID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the to address
	to, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.To)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing to address %q: %w", args.To, err)
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(kc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(kc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountsSpent, ins, secpKeys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		utxos,
		kc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			avaxKey: service.vm.txFee,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent > service.vm.txFee {
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: amountSpent - service.vm.txFee,
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	ops, nftKeys, err := service.vm.SpendNFT(
		utxos,
		kc,
		assetID,
		uint32(args.GroupID),
		to,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &OperationTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		Ops: ops,
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, secpKeys); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := tx.SignNFTFx(service.vm.codec, nftKeys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// MintNFTArgs are arguments for passing into MintNFT requests
type MintNFTArgs struct {
	api.JSONSpendHeader        // User, password, from addrs, change addr
	AssetID             string `json:"assetID"`
	Payload             string `json:"payload"`
	To                  string `json:"to"`
	Encoding            string `json:"encoding"`
}

// MintNFT issues a MintNFT transaction and returns the ID of the newly created transaction
func (service *Service) MintNFT(r *http.Request, args *MintNFTArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: MintNFT called with username: %s", args.Username)

	assetID, err := service.vm.lookupAssetID(args.AssetID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	to, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.To)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing to address %q: %w", args.To, err)
	}

	encoding, err := service.vm.encodingManager.GetEncoding(args.Encoding)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem getting encoding formatter for '%s': %w", args.Encoding, err)
	}
	payloadBytes, err := encoding.ConvertString(args.Payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem decoding payload bytes: %w", err)
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	feeUTXOs, feeKc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(feeKc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(feeKc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	amountsSpent, ins, secpKeys, err := service.vm.Spend(
		feeUTXOs,
		feeKc,
		map[[32]byte]uint64{
			avaxKey: service.vm.txFee,
		},
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent > service.vm.txFee {
		outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
			Asset: avax.Asset{ID: service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID},
			Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
				Amt: amountSpent - service.vm.txFee,
				OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
					Locktime:  0,
					Threshold: 1,
					Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
				},
			},
		})
	}

	// Get all UTXOs/keys
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	ops, nftKeys, err := service.vm.MintNFT(
		utxos,
		kc,
		assetID,
		payloadBytes,
		to,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &OperationTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		Ops: ops,
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, secpKeys); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := tx.SignNFTFx(service.vm.codec, nftKeys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}

// ImportArgs are arguments for passing into Import requests
type ImportArgs struct {
	// User that controls To
	api.UserPass

	// Chain the funds are coming from
	SourceChain string `json:"sourceChain"`

	// Address receiving the imported AVAX
	To string `json:"to"`
}

// ImportAVAX is a deprecated name for Import.
func (service *Service) ImportAVAX(_ *http.Request, args *ImportArgs, reply *api.JSONTxID) error {
	return service.Import(nil, args, reply)
}

// Import imports an asset to this chain from the P/C-Chain.
// The AVAX must have already been exported from the P/C-Chain.
// Returns the ID of the newly created atomic transaction
func (service *Service) Import(_ *http.Request, args *ImportArgs, reply *api.JSONTxID) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: Import called with username: %s", args.Username)

	chainID, err := service.vm.ctx.BCLookup.Lookup(args.SourceChain)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing chainID %q: %w", args.SourceChain, err)
	}

	to, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(args.To)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem parsing to address %q: %w", args.To, err)
	}

	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	atomicUTXOs, _, _, err := service.vm.GetAtomicUTXOs(chainID, kc.Addrs, ids.ShortEmpty, ids.Empty, -1)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving user's atomic UTXOs: %w", err)
	}

	amountsSpent, importInputs, importKeys, err := service.vm.SpendAll(atomicUTXOs, kc)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	ins := []*avax.TransferableInput{}
	keys := [][]*crypto.PrivateKeySECP256K1R{}

	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	if amountSpent := amountsSpent[avaxKey]; amountSpent < service.vm.txFee {
		var localAmountsSpent map[[32]byte]uint64
		localAmountsSpent, ins, keys, err = service.vm.Spend(
			utxos,
			kc,
			map[[32]byte]uint64{
				avaxKey: service.vm.txFee - amountSpent,
			},
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		for asset, amount := range localAmountsSpent {
			newAmount, err := safemath.Add64(amountsSpent[asset], amount)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("problem calculating required spend amount: %w", err)
			}
			amountsSpent[asset] = newAmount
		}
	}

	// Because we ensured that we had enough inputs for the fee, we can
	// safely just remove it without concern for underflow.
	amountsSpent[avaxKey] -= service.vm.txFee

	keys = append(keys, importKeys...)

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	for asset, amount := range amountsSpent {
		assetID := ids.NewID(asset)
		if amount > 0 {
			outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
				Asset: avax.Asset{ID: assetID},
				Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
					Amt: amount,
					OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
						Locktime:  0,
						Threshold: 1,
						Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{to},
					},
				},
			})
		}
	}
	avax.SortTransferableOutputs(outs, service.vm.codec)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &ImportTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		SourceChain: chainID,
		ImportedIns: importInputs,
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	return nil
}

// ExportAVAXArgs are arguments for passing into ExportAVA requests
type ExportAVAXArgs struct {
	// User, password, from addrs, change addr
	api.JSONSpendHeader
	// Amount of nAVAX to send
	Amount json.Uint64 `json:"amount"`

	// ID of the address that will receive the AVAX. This address includes the
	// chainID, which is used to determine what the destination chain is.
	To string `json:"to"`
}

// ExportAVAX sends AVAX from this chain to the P-Chain.
// After this tx is accepted, the AVAX must be imported to the P-chain with an importTx.
// Returns the ID of the newly created atomic transaction
func (service *Service) ExportAVAX(_ *http.Request, args *ExportAVAXArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	return service.Export(nil, &ExportArgs{
		ExportAVAXArgs: *args,
		AssetID:        service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.String(),
	}, reply)
}

// ExportArgs are arguments for passing into ExportAVA requests
type ExportArgs struct {
	ExportAVAXArgs
	AssetID string `json:"assetID"`
}

// Export sends an asset from this chain to the P/C-Chain.
// After this tx is accepted, the AVAX must be imported to the P/C-chain with an importTx.
// Returns the ID of the newly created atomic transaction
func (service *Service) Export(_ *http.Request, args *ExportArgs, reply *api.JSONTxIDChangeAddr) error {
	service.vm.ctx.Log.Info("AVM: Export called with username: %s", args.Username)

	// Parse the asset ID
	assetID, err := service.vm.lookupAssetID(args.AssetID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	chainID, to, err := service.vm.ParseAddress(args.To)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if args.Amount == 0 {
		return errInvalidAmount
	}

	// Parse the from addresses
	fromAddrs := ids.ShortSet{}
	for _, addrStr := range args.From {
		addr, err := service.vm.ParseLocalAddress(addrStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse 'from' address %s: %w", addrStr, err)
		}
		fromAddrs.Add(addr)
	}

	// Get the UTXOs/keys for the from addresses
	utxos, kc, err := service.vm.LoadUser(args.Username, args.Password, fromAddrs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Parse the change address.
	if len(kc.Keys) == 0 {
		return errNoKeys
	}
	changeAddr, err := service.vm.selectChangeAddr(kc.Keys[0].PublicKey().Address(), args.ChangeAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	amounts := map[[32]byte]uint64{}
	avaxKey := service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID.Key()
	if assetID.Equals(service.vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID) {
		amountWithFee, err := safemath.Add64(uint64(args.Amount), service.vm.txFee)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("problem calculating required spend amount: %w", err)
		}
		amounts[avaxKey] = amountWithFee
	} else {
		amounts[avaxKey] = service.vm.txFee
		amounts[assetID.Key()] = uint64(args.Amount)
	}

	amountsSpent, ins, keys, err := service.vm.Spend(utxos, kc, amounts)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	exportOuts := []*avax.TransferableOutput{{
		Asset: avax.Asset{ID: assetID},
		Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
			Amt: uint64(args.Amount),
			OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
				Locktime:  0,
				Threshold: 1,
				Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{to},
			},
		},
	}}

	outs := []*avax.TransferableOutput{}
	for assetKey, amountSpent := range amountsSpent {
		amountToSend := amounts[assetKey]
		if amountSpent > amountToSend {
			outs = append(outs, &avax.TransferableOutput{
				Asset: avax.Asset{ID: ids.NewID(assetKey)},
				Out: &secp256k1fx.TransferOutput{
					Amt: amountSpent - amountToSend,
					OutputOwners: secp256k1fx.OutputOwners{
						Locktime:  0,
						Threshold: 1,
						Addrs:     []ids.ShortID{changeAddr},
					},
				},
			})
		}
	}
	avax.SortTransferableOutputs(outs, service.vm.codec)

	tx := Tx{UnsignedTx: &ExportTx{
		BaseTx: BaseTx{BaseTx: avax.BaseTx{
			NetworkID:    service.vm.ctx.NetworkID,
			BlockchainID: service.vm.ctx.ChainID,
			Outs:         outs,
			Ins:          ins,
		}},
		DestinationChain: chainID,
		ExportedOuts:     exportOuts,
	}}
	if err := tx.SignSECP256K1Fx(service.vm.codec, keys); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txID, err := service.vm.IssueTx(tx.Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("problem issuing transaction: %w", err)
	}

	reply.TxID = txID
	reply.ChangeAddr, err = service.vm.FormatLocalAddress(changeAddr)
	return err
}