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vm.go
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vm.go
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// Copyright (C) 2019-2024, Ava Labs, Inc. All rights reserved.
// See the file LICENSE for licensing terms.
package avm
import (
"context"
"errors"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"reflect"
"sync"
"github.com/gorilla/rpc/v2"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
"go.uber.org/zap"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/cache"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/database"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/database/versiondb"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/ids"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/pubsub"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow/consensus/snowman"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow/consensus/snowstorm"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow/engine/avalanche/vertex"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow/engine/common"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/json"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/linkedhashmap"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/set"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/timer/mockable"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/version"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/block"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/config"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/metrics"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/network"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/state"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/txs"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/txs/mempool"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/utxo"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/components/avax"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/components/index"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/components/keystore"
"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/secp256k1fx"
blockbuilder "github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/block/builder"
blockexecutor "github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/block/executor"
extensions "github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/fxs"
txexecutor "github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/vms/avm/txs/executor"
)
const assetToFxCacheSize = 1024
var (
errIncompatibleFx = errors.New("incompatible feature extension")
errUnknownFx = errors.New("unknown feature extension")
errGenesisAssetMustHaveState = errors.New("genesis asset must have non-empty state")
_ vertex.LinearizableVMWithEngine = (*VM)(nil)
)
type VM struct {
network.Atomic
config.Config
metrics metrics.Metrics
avax.AddressManager
avax.AtomicUTXOManager
ids.Aliaser
utxo.Spender
// Contains information of where this VM is executing
ctx *snow.Context
// Used to check local time
clock mockable.Clock
registerer prometheus.Registerer
connectedPeers map[ids.NodeID]*version.Application
parser block.Parser
pubsub *pubsub.Server
appSender common.AppSender
// State management
state state.State
// Set to true once this VM is marked as `Bootstrapped` by the engine
bootstrapped bool
// asset id that will be used for fees
feeAssetID ids.ID
// Asset ID --> Bit set with fx IDs the asset supports
assetToFxCache *cache.LRU[ids.ID, set.Bits64]
baseDB database.Database
db *versiondb.Database
typeToFxIndex map[reflect.Type]int
fxs []*extensions.ParsedFx
walletService WalletService
addressTxsIndexer index.AddressTxsIndexer
txBackend *txexecutor.Backend
// Cancelled on shutdown
onShutdownCtx context.Context
// Call [onShutdownCtxCancel] to cancel [onShutdownCtx] during Shutdown()
onShutdownCtxCancel context.CancelFunc
awaitShutdown sync.WaitGroup
networkConfig network.Config
// These values are only initialized after the chain has been linearized.
blockbuilder.Builder
chainManager blockexecutor.Manager
network *network.Network
}
func (vm *VM) Connected(ctx context.Context, nodeID ids.NodeID, version *version.Application) error {
// If the chain isn't linearized yet, we must track the peers externally
// until the network is initialized.
if vm.network == nil {
vm.connectedPeers[nodeID] = version
return nil
}
return vm.network.Connected(ctx, nodeID, version)
}
func (vm *VM) Disconnected(ctx context.Context, nodeID ids.NodeID) error {
// If the chain isn't linearized yet, we must track the peers externally
// until the network is initialized.
if vm.network == nil {
delete(vm.connectedPeers, nodeID)
return nil
}
return vm.network.Disconnected(ctx, nodeID)
}
/*
******************************************************************************
********************************* Common VM **********************************
******************************************************************************
*/
func (vm *VM) Initialize(
_ context.Context,
ctx *snow.Context,
db database.Database,
genesisBytes []byte,
_ []byte,
configBytes []byte,
_ chan<- common.Message,
fxs []*common.Fx,
appSender common.AppSender,
) error {
noopMessageHandler := common.NewNoOpAppHandler(ctx.Log)
vm.Atomic = network.NewAtomic(noopMessageHandler)
avmConfig, err := ParseConfig(configBytes)
if err != nil {
return err
}
ctx.Log.Info("VM config initialized",
zap.Reflect("config", avmConfig),
)
registerer := prometheus.NewRegistry()
if err := ctx.Metrics.Register(registerer); err != nil {
return err
}
vm.registerer = registerer
vm.connectedPeers = make(map[ids.NodeID]*version.Application)
// Initialize metrics as soon as possible
vm.metrics, err = metrics.New("", registerer)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize metrics: %w", err)
}
vm.AddressManager = avax.NewAddressManager(ctx)
vm.Aliaser = ids.NewAliaser()
vm.ctx = ctx
vm.appSender = appSender
vm.baseDB = db
vm.db = versiondb.New(db)
vm.assetToFxCache = &cache.LRU[ids.ID, set.Bits64]{Size: assetToFxCacheSize}
vm.pubsub = pubsub.New(ctx.Log)
typedFxs := make([]extensions.Fx, len(fxs))
vm.fxs = make([]*extensions.ParsedFx, len(fxs))
for i, fxContainer := range fxs {
if fxContainer == nil {
return errIncompatibleFx
}
fx, ok := fxContainer.Fx.(extensions.Fx)
if !ok {
return errIncompatibleFx
}
typedFxs[i] = fx
vm.fxs[i] = &extensions.ParsedFx{
ID: fxContainer.ID,
Fx: fx,
}
}
vm.typeToFxIndex = map[reflect.Type]int{}
vm.parser, err = block.NewCustomParser(
vm.DurangoTime,
vm.typeToFxIndex,
&vm.clock,
ctx.Log,
typedFxs,
)
if err != nil {
return err
}
codec := vm.parser.Codec()
vm.AtomicUTXOManager = avax.NewAtomicUTXOManager(ctx.SharedMemory, codec)
vm.Spender = utxo.NewSpender(&vm.clock, codec)
state, err := state.New(
vm.db,
vm.parser,
vm.registerer,
avmConfig.ChecksumsEnabled,
)
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.state = state
if err := vm.initGenesis(genesisBytes); err != nil {
return err
}
vm.walletService.vm = vm
vm.walletService.pendingTxs = linkedhashmap.New[ids.ID, *txs.Tx]()
// use no op impl when disabled in config
if avmConfig.IndexTransactions {
vm.ctx.Log.Warn("deprecated address transaction indexing is enabled")
vm.addressTxsIndexer, err = index.NewIndexer(vm.db, vm.ctx.Log, "", vm.registerer, avmConfig.IndexAllowIncomplete)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize address transaction indexer: %w", err)
}
} else {
vm.ctx.Log.Info("address transaction indexing is disabled")
vm.addressTxsIndexer, err = index.NewNoIndexer(vm.db, avmConfig.IndexAllowIncomplete)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize disabled indexer: %w", err)
}
}
vm.txBackend = &txexecutor.Backend{
Ctx: ctx,
Config: &vm.Config,
Fxs: vm.fxs,
TypeToFxIndex: vm.typeToFxIndex,
Codec: vm.parser.Codec(),
FeeAssetID: vm.feeAssetID,
Bootstrapped: false,
}
vm.onShutdownCtx, vm.onShutdownCtxCancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
vm.networkConfig = avmConfig.Network
return vm.state.Commit()
}
// onBootstrapStarted is called by the consensus engine when it starts bootstrapping this chain
func (vm *VM) onBootstrapStarted() error {
vm.txBackend.Bootstrapped = false
for _, fx := range vm.fxs {
if err := fx.Fx.Bootstrapping(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func (vm *VM) onNormalOperationsStarted() error {
vm.txBackend.Bootstrapped = true
for _, fx := range vm.fxs {
if err := fx.Fx.Bootstrapped(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
vm.bootstrapped = true
return nil
}
func (vm *VM) SetState(_ context.Context, state snow.State) error {
switch state {
case snow.Bootstrapping:
return vm.onBootstrapStarted()
case snow.NormalOp:
return vm.onNormalOperationsStarted()
default:
return snow.ErrUnknownState
}
}
func (vm *VM) Shutdown(context.Context) error {
if vm.state == nil {
return nil
}
vm.onShutdownCtxCancel()
vm.awaitShutdown.Wait()
return utils.Err(
vm.state.Close(),
vm.baseDB.Close(),
)
}
func (*VM) Version(context.Context) (string, error) {
return version.Current.String(), nil
}
func (vm *VM) CreateHandlers(context.Context) (map[string]http.Handler, error) {
codec := json.NewCodec()
rpcServer := rpc.NewServer()
rpcServer.RegisterCodec(codec, "application/json")
rpcServer.RegisterCodec(codec, "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
rpcServer.RegisterInterceptFunc(vm.metrics.InterceptRequest)
rpcServer.RegisterAfterFunc(vm.metrics.AfterRequest)
// name this service "avm"
if err := rpcServer.RegisterService(&Service{vm: vm}, "avm"); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
walletServer := rpc.NewServer()
walletServer.RegisterCodec(codec, "application/json")
walletServer.RegisterCodec(codec, "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
walletServer.RegisterInterceptFunc(vm.metrics.InterceptRequest)
walletServer.RegisterAfterFunc(vm.metrics.AfterRequest)
// name this service "wallet"
err := walletServer.RegisterService(&vm.walletService, "wallet")
return map[string]http.Handler{
"": rpcServer,
"/wallet": walletServer,
"/events": vm.pubsub,
}, err
}
/*
******************************************************************************
********************************** Chain VM **********************************
******************************************************************************
*/
func (vm *VM) GetBlock(_ context.Context, blkID ids.ID) (snowman.Block, error) {
return vm.chainManager.GetBlock(blkID)
}
func (vm *VM) ParseBlock(_ context.Context, blkBytes []byte) (snowman.Block, error) {
blk, err := vm.parser.ParseBlock(blkBytes)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return vm.chainManager.NewBlock(blk), nil
}
func (vm *VM) SetPreference(_ context.Context, blkID ids.ID) error {
vm.chainManager.SetPreference(blkID)
return nil
}
func (vm *VM) LastAccepted(context.Context) (ids.ID, error) {
return vm.chainManager.LastAccepted(), nil
}
func (vm *VM) GetBlockIDAtHeight(_ context.Context, height uint64) (ids.ID, error) {
return vm.state.GetBlockIDAtHeight(height)
}
func (*VM) VerifyHeightIndex(context.Context) error {
return nil
}
/*
******************************************************************************
*********************************** DAG VM ***********************************
******************************************************************************
*/
func (vm *VM) Linearize(ctx context.Context, stopVertexID ids.ID, toEngine chan<- common.Message) error {
time := version.GetCortinaTime(vm.ctx.NetworkID)
err := vm.state.InitializeChainState(stopVertexID, time)
if err != nil {
return err
}
mempool, err := mempool.New("mempool", vm.registerer, toEngine)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create mempool: %w", err)
}
vm.chainManager = blockexecutor.NewManager(
mempool,
vm.metrics,
vm.state,
vm.txBackend,
&vm.clock,
vm.onAccept,
)
vm.Builder = blockbuilder.New(
vm.txBackend,
vm.chainManager,
&vm.clock,
mempool,
)
// Invariant: The context lock is not held when calling network.IssueTx.
vm.network, err = network.New(
vm.ctx,
vm.parser,
network.NewLockedTxVerifier(
&vm.ctx.Lock,
vm.chainManager,
),
mempool,
vm.appSender,
vm.registerer,
vm.networkConfig,
)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize network: %w", err)
}
// Notify the network of our current peers
for nodeID, version := range vm.connectedPeers {
if err := vm.network.Connected(ctx, nodeID, version); err != nil {
return err
}
}
vm.connectedPeers = nil
// Note: It's important only to switch the networking stack after the full
// chainVM has been initialized. Traffic will immediately start being
// handled asynchronously.
vm.Atomic.Set(vm.network)
vm.awaitShutdown.Add(2)
go func() {
defer vm.awaitShutdown.Done()
// Invariant: PushGossip must never grab the context lock.
vm.network.PushGossip(vm.onShutdownCtx)
}()
go func() {
defer vm.awaitShutdown.Done()
// Invariant: PullGossip must never grab the context lock.
vm.network.PullGossip(vm.onShutdownCtx)
}()
go func() {
err := vm.state.Prune(&vm.ctx.Lock, vm.ctx.Log)
if err != nil {
vm.ctx.Log.Warn("state pruning failed",
zap.Error(err),
)
return
}
vm.ctx.Log.Info("state pruning finished")
}()
return nil
}
func (vm *VM) ParseTx(_ context.Context, bytes []byte) (snowstorm.Tx, error) {
tx, err := vm.parser.ParseTx(bytes)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
err = tx.Unsigned.Visit(&txexecutor.SyntacticVerifier{
Backend: vm.txBackend,
Tx: tx,
})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &Tx{
vm: vm,
tx: tx,
}, nil
}
/*
******************************************************************************
********************************** JSON API **********************************
******************************************************************************
*/
// issueTxFromRPC attempts to send a transaction to consensus.
//
// Invariant: The context lock is not held
// Invariant: This function is only called after Linearize has been called.
func (vm *VM) issueTxFromRPC(tx *txs.Tx) (ids.ID, error) {
txID := tx.ID()
err := vm.network.IssueTxFromRPC(tx)
if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, mempool.ErrDuplicateTx) {
vm.ctx.Log.Debug("failed to add tx to mempool",
zap.Stringer("txID", txID),
zap.Error(err),
)
return txID, err
}
return txID, nil
}
/*
******************************************************************************
********************************** Helpers ***********************************
******************************************************************************
*/
func (vm *VM) initGenesis(genesisBytes []byte) error {
genesisCodec := vm.parser.GenesisCodec()
genesis := Genesis{}
if _, err := genesisCodec.Unmarshal(genesisBytes, &genesis); err != nil {
return err
}
stateInitialized, err := vm.state.IsInitialized()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// secure this by defaulting to avaxAsset
vm.feeAssetID = vm.ctx.AVAXAssetID
for index, genesisTx := range genesis.Txs {
if len(genesisTx.Outs) != 0 {
return errGenesisAssetMustHaveState
}
tx := &txs.Tx{
Unsigned: &genesisTx.CreateAssetTx,
}
if err := tx.Initialize(genesisCodec); err != nil {
return err
}
txID := tx.ID()
if err := vm.Alias(txID, genesisTx.Alias); err != nil {
return err
}
if !stateInitialized {
vm.initState(tx)
}
if index == 0 {
vm.ctx.Log.Info("fee asset is established",
zap.String("alias", genesisTx.Alias),
zap.Stringer("assetID", txID),
)
vm.feeAssetID = txID
}
}
if !stateInitialized {
return vm.state.SetInitialized()
}
return nil
}
func (vm *VM) initState(tx *txs.Tx) {
txID := tx.ID()
vm.ctx.Log.Info("initializing genesis asset",
zap.Stringer("txID", txID),
)
vm.state.AddTx(tx)
for _, utxo := range tx.UTXOs() {
vm.state.AddUTXO(utxo)
}
}
// LoadUser returns:
// 1) The UTXOs that reference one or more addresses controlled by the given user
// 2) A keychain that contains this user's keys
// If [addrsToUse] has positive length, returns UTXOs that reference one or more
// addresses controlled by the given user that are also in [addrsToUse].
func (vm *VM) LoadUser(
username string,
password string,
addrsToUse set.Set[ids.ShortID],
) (
[]*avax.UTXO,
*secp256k1fx.Keychain,
error,
) {
user, err := keystore.NewUserFromKeystore(vm.ctx.Keystore, username, password)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
// Drop any potential error closing the database to report the original
// error
defer user.Close()
kc, err := keystore.GetKeychain(user, addrsToUse)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
utxos, err := avax.GetAllUTXOs(vm.state, kc.Addresses())
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("problem retrieving user's UTXOs: %w", err)
}
return utxos, kc, user.Close()
}
// selectChangeAddr returns the change address to be used for [kc] when [changeAddr] is given
// as the optional change address argument
func (vm *VM) selectChangeAddr(defaultAddr ids.ShortID, changeAddr string) (ids.ShortID, error) {
if changeAddr == "" {
return defaultAddr, nil
}
addr, err := avax.ParseServiceAddress(vm, changeAddr)
if err != nil {
return ids.ShortID{}, fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse changeAddr: %w", err)
}
return addr, nil
}
// lookupAssetID looks for an ID aliased by [asset] and if it fails
// attempts to parse [asset] into an ID
func (vm *VM) lookupAssetID(asset string) (ids.ID, error) {
if assetID, err := vm.Lookup(asset); err == nil {
return assetID, nil
}
if assetID, err := ids.FromString(asset); err == nil {
return assetID, nil
}
return ids.ID{}, fmt.Errorf("asset '%s' not found", asset)
}
// Invariant: onAccept is called when [tx] is being marked as accepted, but
// before its state changes are applied.
// Invariant: any error returned by onAccept should be considered fatal.
// TODO: Remove [onAccept] once the deprecated APIs this powers are removed.
func (vm *VM) onAccept(tx *txs.Tx) error {
// Fetch the input UTXOs
txID := tx.ID()
inputUTXOIDs := tx.Unsigned.InputUTXOs()
inputUTXOs := make([]*avax.UTXO, 0, len(inputUTXOIDs))
for _, utxoID := range inputUTXOIDs {
// Don't bother fetching the input UTXO if its symbolic
if utxoID.Symbolic() {
continue
}
utxo, err := vm.state.GetUTXO(utxoID.InputID())
if err == database.ErrNotFound {
vm.ctx.Log.Debug("dropping utxo from index",
zap.Stringer("txID", txID),
zap.Stringer("utxoTxID", utxoID.TxID),
zap.Uint32("utxoOutputIndex", utxoID.OutputIndex),
)
continue
}
if err != nil {
// should never happen because the UTXO was previously verified to
// exist
return fmt.Errorf("error finding UTXO %s: %w", utxoID, err)
}
inputUTXOs = append(inputUTXOs, utxo)
}
outputUTXOs := tx.UTXOs()
// index input and output UTXOs
if err := vm.addressTxsIndexer.Accept(txID, inputUTXOs, outputUTXOs); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error indexing tx: %w", err)
}
vm.pubsub.Publish(NewPubSubFilterer(tx))
vm.walletService.decided(txID)
return nil
}