ci: add lint job to run clang-tidy check for named args

[fanquake]

After #24661, we should be able to enable clang-tidy named argument checking in the CI lint job. The simplest way to invoke this checking, is something like ./autogen.sh && ./configure CC=clang-12 CXX=clang++-12 && make clean && bear make -j9 && ( cd ./src/ && run-clang-tidy-12 -j9 ), which invokes clang-tidy using our .clang-tidy config.

Dependencies, like clang-tidy would need to be installed in the linting container, and a linting job could be added to https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/tree/master/test/lint.

It is possible to work on this now, by just basing your changes on the #24661 branch.

Useful skills:

• Bash
• CI

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[maflcko]

I think this requires a "mock" compilation so this will probably be a normal task, separate from the lint task.