Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
Update README.md
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
trvrb committed Aug 24, 2023
1 parent cff7fc2 commit 2cebf64
Showing 1 changed file with 4 additions and 5 deletions.
9 changes: 4 additions & 5 deletions README.md
Expand Up @@ -6,23 +6,22 @@

## Abstract

Cross-species transmission (CST) has led to many devastating epidemics, but is still a poorly understood phenomenon. HIV-1 and HIV-2 (human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2), which have collectively caused over 35 million deaths, are the result of many CSTs from chimpanzees, gorillas, and sooty mangabeys. While the immediate history of HIV is known, there are over 45 lentiviruses that infect specific species of primates, and it is not understood whether host switching is a common occurrence. We thus took a phylogenetic approach to better understand the natural history of SIV recombination and CST. We used discrete trait analysis to model host species as a discrete trait in the viral phylogeny and inferred the pairwise transmission rates between each pair of 24 primate hosts. We identify 14 novel, ancient cross-species transmission events. We also find that lentiviral lineages vary widely in their ability to infect new host species: SIVcol (from colobus monkeys) is evolutionarily isolated, while SIVagms (from African green monkeys) frequently move between host subspecies. We also examine the origins of SIVcpz (the predecessor of HIV-1) in greater detail than previous studies, and find that there are still large portions of the genome with unknown origins. Ultimately, these results demonstrate that while lentiviral CST remains a rare event in the scope of evolutionary time, these viruses have a far more extensive history of host switching and recombination than previously described.
Cross-species transmission (CST) has led to many devastating epidemics, but is still a poorly understood phenomenon. HIV-1 and HIV-2 (human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2), which have collectively caused over 35 million deaths, are the result of multiple CSTs from chimpanzees, gorillas, and sooty mangabeys. While the immediate history of HIV is known, there are over 45 lentiviruses that infect specific species of primates, and patterns of host switching are not well characterized. We thus took a phylogenetic approach to better understand the natural history of SIV recombination and CST. We modeled host species as a discrete character trait on the viral phylogeny and inferred historical host switches and the pairwise transmission rates between each pair of 24 primate hosts. We identify 14 novel, well-supported, ancient cross-species transmission events. We also find that lentiviral lineages vary widely in their ability to infect new host species: SIVcol (from colobus monkeys) is evolutionarily isolated, while SIVagms (from African green monkeys) frequently move between host subspecies. We also examine the origins of SIVcpz (the predecessor of HIV-1) in greater detail than previous studies, and find that there are still large portions of the genome with unknown origins. Observed patterns of CST are likely driven by a combination of ecological circumstance and innate immune factors.

## Citation

> Bell S.M., Bedford T. 2017. Modern-Day SIV viral diversity generated by extensive recombination and cross-species transmission. In prep.
[Bell and Bedford. 2017. Modern-Day SIV viral diversity generated by extensive recombination and cross-species transmission. PLoS Pathog 13: e1006466.](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006466)

## Outline

* [SIV sequence data and host metadata](data/)
* [Analyze recombination](recombination/)
* [Build trees for each portion of the genome, and infer cross-species transmissions with discrete trait analysis.](beast/)
* Figures: [main text](figures/main-text/) and [supplement](figures/supplement/)
* [Main text figures](figures/main-text/)
* [Supplemental figures](figures/supplement/)

## Install

Install Python packages with:

pip install -r requirements.txt

![](figures/png/Fig3.png)

0 comments on commit 2cebf64

Please sign in to comment.