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nanoAOD-tools

A minimal set of tool for working with NanoAODs (with dependencies on only python + root, not on the CMSSW framework)

Please note that, starting with CMSSW_13_3_0 (with backports for the coming 13_0_16 and 13_1_2), the framework part of NanoAODTools is maintained as a CMSSW package, in PhysicsTools/NanoAODTools.

This repository and the instructions below are still relevant only for older CMSSW releases.

Checkout instructions: standalone

You need to setup python 2.7 and a recent ROOT version first.

git clone https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/nanoAOD-tools.git NanoAODTools
cd NanoAODTools
bash standalone/env_standalone.sh build
source standalone/env_standalone.sh

Repeat only the last command at the beginning of every session.

Please never commit neither the build directory, nor the empty init.py files created by the script.

Checkout instructions: CMSSW (CMSSW 12X and below)

cd $CMSSW_BASE/src
git clone https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/nanoAOD-tools.git PhysicsTools/NanoAODTools
cd PhysicsTools/NanoAODTools
cmsenv
scram b

General instructions to run the post-processing step

The script to run the post-processing step is scripts/nano_postproc.py.

The basic syntax of the command is the following:

python scripts/nano_postproc.py /path/to/output_directory /path/to/input_tree.root

Here is a summary of its features:

  • the -s,--postfix option is used to specify the suffix that will be appended to the input file name to obtain the output file name. It defaults to _Friend in friend mode, _Skim in full mode.
  • the -c,--cut option is used to pass a string expression (using the same syntax as in TTree::Draw) that will be used to select events. It cannot be used in friend mode.
  • the -J,--json option is used to pass the name of a JSON file that will be used to select events. It cannot be used in friend mode.
  • if run with the --full option (default), the output will be a full nanoAOD file. If run with the --friend option, instead, the output will be a friend tree that can be attached to the input tree. In the latter case, it is not possible to apply any kind of event selection, as the number of entries in the parent and friend tree must be the same.
  • the -b,--branch-selection option is used to pass the name of a file containing directives to keep or drop branches from the output tree. The file should contain one directive among keep/drop (wildcards allowed as in TTree::SetBranchStatus) or keepmatch/dropmatch (python regexp matching the branch name) per line, as shown in the this example file.
    • --bi and --bo allows to specify the keep/drop file separately for input and output trees.
  • the --justcount option will cause the script to printout the number of selected events, without actually writing the output file.

Please run with --help for a complete list of options.

How to write and run modules

It is possible to import modules that will be run on each entry passing the event selection, and can be used to calculate new variables that will be included in the output tree (both in friend and full mode) or to apply event filter decisions.

We will use python/postprocessing/examples/exampleModule.py as an example. The module definition file, containing a simple constructor

   exampleModuleConstr = lambda : exampleProducer(jetSelection= lambda j : j.pt > 30)

should be imported using the following syntax:

python scripts/nano_postproc.py outDir /eos/cms/store/user/andrey/f.root -I PhysicsTools.NanoAODTools.postprocessing.examples.exampleModule exampleModuleConstr

Let us now examine the structure of the exampleProducer module class. All modules must inherit from PhysicsTools.NanoAODTools.postprocessing.framework.eventloop.Module.

  • the __init__ constructor function should be used to set the module options.
  • the beginFile function should create the branches that you want to add to the output file, calling the branch(branchname, typecode, lenVar) method of wrappedOutputTree. typecode should be the ROOT TBranch type ("F" for float, "I" for int etc.). lenVar should be the name of the variable holding the length of array branches (for instance, branch("Electron_myNewVar","F","nElectron")). If the lenVar branch does not exist already - it can happen if you create a new collection, see an example here) - it will be automatically created.
  • the analyze function is called on each event. It should return True if the event is to be retained, False if it should be dropped.

Keep/drop branches

See the effect of keep/drop instructions by running:

python scripts/nano_postproc.py outDir /eos/cms/store/user/andrey/f.root -I PhysicsTools.NanoAODTools.postprocessing.examples.exampleModule exampleModuleConstr -s _exaModu_keepdrop --bi scripts/keep_and_drop_input.txt --bo scripts/keep_and_drop_output.txt

comparing to the previous command (without --bi and --bo). The output branch created by exampleModuleConstr produces the same result in both cases. But this one drops all other branches when creating output tree. It also runs faster.

The event interface, defined in PhysicsTools.NanoAODTools.postprocessing.framework.datamodule, allows to dynamically construct views of objects organized in collections, based on the branch names, for instance:

electrons = Collection(event, "Electron")
if len(electrons)>1: print electrons[0].someVar+electrons[1].someVar
electrons_highpt = filter(lambda x: x.pt>50, electrons)

and this will access the elements of the Electron_someVar, Electron_pt branch arrays. Event variables can be accessed simply by event.someVar, for instance event.rho.

The output branches should be filled calling the fillBranch(branchname, value) method of wrappedOutputTree. value should be the desired value for single-value branches, an iterable with the correct length for array branches. It is not necessary to fill the lenVar branch explicitly, as this is done automatically using the length of the passed iterable.

mht producer

Now, let's have a look at another example, python/postprocessing/examples/mhtjuProducerCpp.py, file. Similarly, it should be imported using the following syntax:

python scripts/nano_postproc.py outDir /eos/cms/store/user/andrey/f.root -I PhysicsTools.NanoAODTools.postprocessing.examples.mhtjuProducerCpp mhtju

This module has the same structure of its producer as exampleProducer, but in addition it utilizes a C++ code to calculate the mht variable, src/mhtjuProducerCppWorker.cc. This code is loaded in the __init__ method of the producer.