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Python之异步http库--aiohttp.md

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Python之异步http库--aiohttp

官方文档解释： aiohttp是基于asyncio的一个异步http客户端和服务器 总结官方文档：https://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/en/stable/client_quickstart.html

这里主要介绍的是aiohttp客户端的操作

一、发送http请求

这里面的用法跟requests库很相似。

get请求

import aiohttp
import asyncio

"""
    aiohttp:发送http请求
    1.创建一个ClientSession对象
    2.通过ClientSession对象去发送请求（get, post, delete等）
    3.await 异步等待返回结果
"""

async def main():
    url = 'http://httpbin.org/get'
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url) as res:
            print(res.status)
            print(await res.text())
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
task = loop.create_task(main())
loop.run_until_complete(task)

post请求

import aiohttp
import asyncio

"""
    aiohttp:发送POST请求
"""

async def main():
    data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
    url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.post(url, data=data) as res:
            print(res.status)
            print(await res.text())
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
task = loop.create_task(main())
loop.run_until_complete(task)

自定义请求头

headers = {'content-type': 'image/gif'}
session.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)

cookie

url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = {'cookies_are': 'working'}
async with ClientSession(cookies=cookies) as session:

二、传递参数

import aiohttp
import asyncio

"""
    aiohttp:传递参数
    方式一：通过字典的形式  params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
    方式二：通过二元组的形式  params = [('key', 'value1'), ('key', 'value2')]

"""

async def main():
    url = 'http://httpbin.org/get'
    params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}  
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url, params=params) as res:
            # http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2
            print(res.url)
            print(await res.text())
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
task = loop.create_task(main())
loop.run_until_complete(task)

三、状态码与响应内容

import aiohttp
import asyncio

"""
    aiohttp:相应内容与状态码
    状态码：res.status
    响应内容：res.text() 或者 res.text(encoding='utf-8')
    二进制内容：res.read()
    json响应内容：res.json()
    读取流：res.content.read(size)
"""

async def main():
    url = 'https://api.github.com/events'
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url) as res:
            print(res.status)
            print(await res.text())
            print('**********************************')
            print(await res.read())
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
task = loop.create_task(main())
loop.run_until_complete(task)

四、流式响应内容（Streaming Response Content）

import aiohttp
import asyncio

"""
    res.content.read(size)
"""

async def main():
    url = 'https://api.github.com/events'
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url) as res:
            # <StreamReader 8202 bytes>
            print(res.content)
            print(await res.content.read())
            with open('test.txt', 'wb') as fd:
                while True:
                    chunk = await res.content.read()
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    fd.write(chunk)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
task = loop.create_task(main())
loop.run_until_complete(task)

五、超时设置

timeout = aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=60)
async with aiohttp.ClientSession(timeout=timeout) as session: