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Avro Event Format for CloudEvents - Version 1.0.1

Abstract

The Avro Format for CloudEvents defines how events attributes are expressed in the Avro 1.9.0 Specification.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Attributes
  3. Data
  4. Examples

1. Introduction

CloudEvents is a standardized and protocol-agnostic definition of the structure and metadata description of events. This specification defines how the elements defined in the CloudEvents specification are to be represented in the Avro 1.9.0.

The Attributes section describes the naming conventions and data type mappings for CloudEvents attributes for use as Avro message properties.

This specification does not define an envelope format. The Avro type system's intent is primarily to provide a consistent type system for Avro itself and not for message payloads.

1.1. Conformance

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119.

2. Attributes

This section defines how CloudEvents attributes are mapped to the Avro type-system. This specification explicitly maps each attribute.

2.1 Type System Mapping

The CloudEvents type system MUST be mapped to Avro types as follows.

CloudEvents Avro
Boolean boolean
Integer int
String string
Binary bytes
URI string following RFC 3986 §4.3
URI-reference string following RFC 3986 §4.1
Timestamp string following RFC 3339 (ISO 8601)

Extension specifications MAY define secondary mapping rules for the values of attributes they define, but MUST also include the previously defined primary mapping.

2.3 OPTIONAL Attributes

CloudEvents Spec defines OPTIONAL attributes. The Avro format defines that these fields MUST use the null type and the actual type through the union.

Example:

["null", "string"]

2.4 Definition

Users of Avro MUST use a message whose binary encoding is identical to the one described by the CloudEvent Avro Schema:

{
  "namespace": "io.cloudevents",
  "type": "record",
  "name": "CloudEvent",
  "version": "1.0",
  "doc": "Avro Event Format for CloudEvents",
  "fields": [
    {
      "name": "attribute",
      "type": {
        "type": "map",
        "values": ["null", "boolean", "int", "string", "bytes"]
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "data",
      "type": [
        "bytes",
        "null",
        "boolean",
        {
          "type": "map",
          "values": [
            "null",
            "boolean",
            {
              "type": "record",
              "name": "CloudEventData",
              "doc": "Representation of a JSON Value",
              "fields": [
                {
                  "name": "value",
                  "type": {
                    "type": "map",
                    "values": [
                      "null",
                      "boolean",
                      { "type": "map", "values": "CloudEventData" },
                      { "type": "array", "items": "CloudEventData" },
                      "double",
                      "string"
                    ]
                  }
                }
              ]
            },
            "double",
            "string"
          ]
        },
        { "type": "array", "items": "CloudEventData" },
        "double",
        "string"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

3 Data

Before encoding, the AVRO serializer MUST first determine the runtime data type of the content. This can be determined by examining the data for invalid UTF-8 sequences or by consulting the datacontenttype attribute.

If the implementation determines that the type of the data is binary, the value MUST be stored in the data field using the bytes type.

For other types (non-binary data without a datacontenttype attribute), the implementation MUST translate the data value into a representation of the JSON value using the union types described for the data record.

4 Examples

The following table shows exemplary mappings:

CloudEvents Type Exemplary Avro Value
type string "com.example.someevent"
specversion string "1.0"
source string "/mycontext"
id string "7a0dc520-c870-4193c8"
time string "2019-06-05T23:45:00Z"
dataschema string "http://registry.com/schema/v1/much.json"
contenttype string "application/json"
data bytes "{"much":{"wow":"json"}}"
dataschema string "http://registry.com/subjects/ce/versions/1"
contenttype string "application/avro"
data bytes [avro-serialized-bytes]

References