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设计(论文)主要内容

设计一种基于YOLO v5的视觉分拣零件系统,实现对传送带上的零件进行自动识别、分类和分拣,实现流水线的自动化操作。使用YOLO v5对工业相机采集到的图片进行零件的目标检测和分类,再通过控制分拣装置来移动零件。在设计过程中,需要进行数据集的采集和标注,模型的训练和调优,以及系统的硬件搭建和软件实现,并且实现高效、准确、稳定的零件自动化分拣。

系统介绍

在视频采集中,采用USB摄像头对传送带上零件的运动视频流进行采集,使用混合高斯模型对视频流的背景进行建模,并通过形态学操作去除噪声和连接连通域。在检测目标时,系统调用YOLOv5的API进行检测,并通过相邻帧间连通域的重叠面积、位移方向和大小跟踪目标。在分拣零件时,系统实时预估零件的位置,并根据预期时间延时开启对应喷嘴,然后关闭,从而实现对零件的分拣。该系统的硬件设备包括计算机、USB摄像头、电磁阀和喷嘴,通过modbus协议来控制电磁阀的开启和关闭。

软件介绍

本系统是基于YOLOv5视觉检测技术的一款视觉分拣零件系统。该系统采用USB摄像头对传送带上零件的运动视频流进行采集,并使用混合高斯模型对视频流的背景进行建模。在检测过程中,通过形态学操作去除噪声和连接连通域,根据相邻帧间连通域的重叠面积、位移方向和大小跟踪目标。

当检测到目标出现时,系统会自动提交任务到线程池,并调用YOLOv5的API进行检测。检测完成后,系统会实时预估零件的位置,并根据预期时间延时开启对应喷嘴,然后关闭,从而实现对零件的分拣。通过modbus协议,系统可以控制多路开关来开启和关闭电磁阀,从而控制喷嘴吹送零件。

系统架构

采用分层架构模式将系统分成不同的层,每一层负责特定的任务,并通过接口相互通信。

  1. 应用层:接收检测层的结果,然后延时启动对应区域的喷嘴。

  2. 检测层:负责零件类型的检测,使用yolov5检测跟踪到的目标零件图片的类型,并将结果返回给应用层。

  3. 跟踪层:负责目标零件的跟踪,获取传送带上的视频流,使用背景减除和连通域分析获取目标零件的连通域,然后使用卡尔曼滤波跟踪目标零件,并将跟踪结果传递给检测层。

  4. 数据层:负责获取传送带上的视频流,并将其传递给跟踪层。该层还可以负责管理数据的存储和传输。

以上设计中,每一层都有明确定义的职责,并使用接口相互通信。这样的设计使得系统具有良好的可维护性和可扩展性,也有助于系统的测试和调试。同时,分层架构模式也使得各个层次之间的耦合度降低,有助于改善系统的性能和安全性。

参考资料

无损检测小白白的博客1介绍了一个基于YOLO v5的多任务模型,可以同时检测和分割零件,该模型是作者的本科毕业项目。
抛到海里的博客2教程了如何从零开始用YOLO v5训练自己的数据集,其中包括了如何创建环境、安装依赖、标注数据、修改配置文件等步骤。

Nines~的博客3实战了一个基于YOLO v5的实时目标检测项目,可以在视频或图片中识别出不同类别的物体,并展示了效果图。

Train Custom Data · ultralytics/yolov5 Wiki · GitHub1: This page provides a tutorial on how to train custom data using YOLOv5 Pytorch format. It also explains how to create a dataset.yaml file and label images using Roboflow.

YOLOv5 | PyTorch2: This page shows an example of loading a pretrained YOLOv5s model and passing an image for inference. It also describes the input and output formats of YOLOv5 and provides links to other resources.

Object Detection and Tracking Using Yolo - IEEE Xplore3: This is a conference paper that presents an object detection and tracking system using YOLO. It also discusses the advantages and limitations of YOLO compared to other methods.

YOLOv5: An Automatic Food Detection System for Dietary Assessment: This is a journal paper that proposes a food detection system based on YOLOv5 for dietary assessment. It also evaluates the performance of YOLOv5 on two food image datasets and compares it with other models.

A Comparative Study of Object Detection Algorithms: SSD, Faster R-CNN, and YOLO: This is a conference paper that compares three popular object detection algorithms: SSD, Faster R-CNN, and YOLO. It also analyzes their strengths and weaknesses and provides suggestions for future research.

A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Semantic Segmentation: This is a survey paper that reviews various deep learning techniques applied to semantic segmentation, which is a task of assigning a label to each pixel in an image. It also covers some applications of semantic segmentation such as medical imaging and autonomous driving.

参考文献

N. M. Krishna, R. Y. Reddy, M. S. C. Reddy, K. P. Madhav and G. Sudham, "Object Detection and Tracking Using Yolo," 2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA), Coimbatore, India, 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/ICIRCA51532.2021.9544598.

J. Peng, W. Liu, T. You and B. Wu, "Improved YOLO-V3 Workpiece Detection Method for Sorting," 2020 5th International Conference on Robotics and Automation Engineering (ICRAE), Singapore, Singapore, 2020, pp. 70-75, doi: 10.1109/ICRAE50850.2020.9310804.

Y. Mao, C. Chen and Z. Pan, "Intelligent Sorting System," 2022 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analytics (ICCCBDA), Chengdu, China, 2022, pp. 311-315, doi: 10.1109/ICCCBDA55098.2022.9778939.

P. Xin and Z. X. Dong, "Intellegent Coal Gangue Sorting System Based on YOLOv5," 2022 Asia Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Machine Learning (CACML), Hangzhou, China, 2022, pp. 482-486, doi: 10.1109/CACML55074.2022.00088.

L. Bohong and W. Xinpeng, "Garbage Detection Algorithm Based on YOLO v3," 2022 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA), Changchun, China, 2022, pp. 784-788, doi: 10.1109/EEBDA53927.2022.9744738.

G. Yang et al., "Garbage Classification System with YOLOV5 Based on Image Recognition," 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), Nanjing, China, 2021, pp. 11-18, doi: 10.1109/ICSIP52628.2021.9688725.

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