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gunzip.go
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gunzip.go
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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package gzip implements reading and writing of gzip format compressed files,
// as specified in RFC 1952.
package gzip
import (
"bufio"
"compress/flate"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"hash/crc32"
"io"
"time"
)
const (
gzipID1 = 0x1f
gzipID2 = 0x8b
gzipDeflate = 8
flagText = 1 << 0
flagHdrCrc = 1 << 1
flagExtra = 1 << 2
flagName = 1 << 3
flagComment = 1 << 4
)
var (
// ErrChecksum is returned when reading GZIP data that has an invalid checksum.
ErrChecksum = errors.New("gzip: invalid checksum")
// ErrHeader is returned when reading GZIP data that has an invalid header.
ErrHeader = errors.New("gzip: invalid header")
)
var le = binary.LittleEndian
// noEOF converts io.EOF to io.ErrUnexpectedEOF.
func noEOF(err error) error {
if err == io.EOF {
return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
}
return err
}
// The gzip file stores a header giving metadata about the compressed file.
// That header is exposed as the fields of the [Writer] and [Reader] structs.
//
// Strings must be UTF-8 encoded and may only contain Unicode code points
// U+0001 through U+00FF, due to limitations of the GZIP file format.
type Header struct {
Comment string // comment
Extra []byte // "extra data"
ModTime time.Time // modification time
Name string // file name
OS byte // operating system type
}
// A Reader is an [io.Reader] that can be read to retrieve
// uncompressed data from a gzip-format compressed file.
//
// In general, a gzip file can be a concatenation of gzip files,
// each with its own header. Reads from the Reader
// return the concatenation of the uncompressed data of each.
// Only the first header is recorded in the Reader fields.
//
// Gzip files store a length and checksum of the uncompressed data.
// The Reader will return an [ErrChecksum] when [Reader.Read]
// reaches the end of the uncompressed data if it does not
// have the expected length or checksum. Clients should treat data
// returned by [Reader.Read] as tentative until they receive the [io.EOF]
// marking the end of the data.
type Reader struct {
Header // valid after NewReader or Reader.Reset
r flate.Reader
decompressor io.ReadCloser
digest uint32 // CRC-32, IEEE polynomial (section 8)
size uint32 // Uncompressed size (section 2.3.1)
buf [512]byte
err error
multistream bool
}
// NewReader creates a new [Reader] reading the given reader.
// If r does not also implement [io.ByteReader],
// the decompressor may read more data than necessary from r.
//
// It is the caller's responsibility to call Close on the [Reader] when done.
//
// The [Reader.Header] fields will be valid in the [Reader] returned.
func NewReader(r io.Reader) (*Reader, error) {
z := new(Reader)
if err := z.Reset(r); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return z, nil
}
// Reset discards the [Reader] z's state and makes it equivalent to the
// result of its original state from [NewReader], but reading from r instead.
// This permits reusing a [Reader] rather than allocating a new one.
func (z *Reader) Reset(r io.Reader) error {
*z = Reader{
decompressor: z.decompressor,
multistream: true,
}
if rr, ok := r.(flate.Reader); ok {
z.r = rr
} else {
z.r = bufio.NewReader(r)
}
z.Header, z.err = z.readHeader()
return z.err
}
// Multistream controls whether the reader supports multistream files.
//
// If enabled (the default), the [Reader] expects the input to be a sequence
// of individually gzipped data streams, each with its own header and
// trailer, ending at EOF. The effect is that the concatenation of a sequence
// of gzipped files is treated as equivalent to the gzip of the concatenation
// of the sequence. This is standard behavior for gzip readers.
//
// Calling Multistream(false) disables this behavior; disabling the behavior
// can be useful when reading file formats that distinguish individual gzip
// data streams or mix gzip data streams with other data streams.
// In this mode, when the [Reader] reaches the end of the data stream,
// [Reader.Read] returns [io.EOF]. The underlying reader must implement [io.ByteReader]
// in order to be left positioned just after the gzip stream.
// To start the next stream, call z.Reset(r) followed by z.Multistream(false).
// If there is no next stream, z.Reset(r) will return [io.EOF].
func (z *Reader) Multistream(ok bool) {
z.multistream = ok
}
// readString reads a NUL-terminated string from z.r.
// It treats the bytes read as being encoded as ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) and
// will output a string encoded using UTF-8.
// This method always updates z.digest with the data read.
func (z *Reader) readString() (string, error) {
var err error
needConv := false
for i := 0; ; i++ {
if i >= len(z.buf) {
return "", ErrHeader
}
z.buf[i], err = z.r.ReadByte()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if z.buf[i] > 0x7f {
needConv = true
}
if z.buf[i] == 0 {
// Digest covers the NUL terminator.
z.digest = crc32.Update(z.digest, crc32.IEEETable, z.buf[:i+1])
// Strings are ISO 8859-1, Latin-1 (RFC 1952, section 2.3.1).
if needConv {
s := make([]rune, 0, i)
for _, v := range z.buf[:i] {
s = append(s, rune(v))
}
return string(s), nil
}
return string(z.buf[:i]), nil
}
}
}
// readHeader reads the GZIP header according to section 2.3.1.
// This method does not set z.err.
func (z *Reader) readHeader() (hdr Header, err error) {
if _, err = io.ReadFull(z.r, z.buf[:10]); err != nil {
// RFC 1952, section 2.2, says the following:
// A gzip file consists of a series of "members" (compressed data sets).
//
// Other than this, the specification does not clarify whether a
// "series" is defined as "one or more" or "zero or more". To err on the
// side of caution, Go interprets this to mean "zero or more".
// Thus, it is okay to return io.EOF here.
return hdr, err
}
if z.buf[0] != gzipID1 || z.buf[1] != gzipID2 || z.buf[2] != gzipDeflate {
return hdr, ErrHeader
}
flg := z.buf[3]
if t := int64(le.Uint32(z.buf[4:8])); t > 0 {
// Section 2.3.1, the zero value for MTIME means that the
// modified time is not set.
hdr.ModTime = time.Unix(t, 0)
}
// z.buf[8] is XFL and is currently ignored.
hdr.OS = z.buf[9]
z.digest = crc32.ChecksumIEEE(z.buf[:10])
if flg&flagExtra != 0 {
if _, err = io.ReadFull(z.r, z.buf[:2]); err != nil {
return hdr, noEOF(err)
}
z.digest = crc32.Update(z.digest, crc32.IEEETable, z.buf[:2])
data := make([]byte, le.Uint16(z.buf[:2]))
if _, err = io.ReadFull(z.r, data); err != nil {
return hdr, noEOF(err)
}
z.digest = crc32.Update(z.digest, crc32.IEEETable, data)
hdr.Extra = data
}
var s string
if flg&flagName != 0 {
if s, err = z.readString(); err != nil {
return hdr, noEOF(err)
}
hdr.Name = s
}
if flg&flagComment != 0 {
if s, err = z.readString(); err != nil {
return hdr, noEOF(err)
}
hdr.Comment = s
}
if flg&flagHdrCrc != 0 {
if _, err = io.ReadFull(z.r, z.buf[:2]); err != nil {
return hdr, noEOF(err)
}
digest := le.Uint16(z.buf[:2])
if digest != uint16(z.digest) {
return hdr, ErrHeader
}
}
z.digest = 0
if z.decompressor == nil {
z.decompressor = flate.NewReader(z.r)
} else {
z.decompressor.(flate.Resetter).Reset(z.r, nil)
}
return hdr, nil
}
// Read implements [io.Reader], reading uncompressed bytes from its underlying [Reader].
func (z *Reader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
if z.err != nil {
return 0, z.err
}
for n == 0 {
n, z.err = z.decompressor.Read(p)
z.digest = crc32.Update(z.digest, crc32.IEEETable, p[:n])
z.size += uint32(n)
if z.err != io.EOF {
// In the normal case we return here.
return n, z.err
}
// Finished file; check checksum and size.
if _, err := io.ReadFull(z.r, z.buf[:8]); err != nil {
z.err = noEOF(err)
return n, z.err
}
digest := le.Uint32(z.buf[:4])
size := le.Uint32(z.buf[4:8])
if digest != z.digest || size != z.size {
z.err = ErrChecksum
return n, z.err
}
z.digest, z.size = 0, 0
// File is ok; check if there is another.
if !z.multistream {
return n, io.EOF
}
z.err = nil // Remove io.EOF
if _, z.err = z.readHeader(); z.err != nil {
return n, z.err
}
}
return n, nil
}
// Close closes the [Reader]. It does not close the underlying [io.Reader].
// In order for the GZIP checksum to be verified, the reader must be
// fully consumed until the [io.EOF].
func (z *Reader) Close() error { return z.decompressor.Close() }