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[LeetCode] 326. Power of Three #326

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 1 comment
Open

[LeetCode] 326. Power of Three #326

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 1 comment

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Given an integer, write a function to determine if it is a power of three.

Example 1:

Input: 27
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: 0
Output: false

Example 3:

Input: 9
Output: true

Example 4:

Input: 45
Output: false

Follow up:
Could you do it without using any loop / recursion?

 

这道题让我们判断一个数是不是3的次方数,在LeetCode中,有一道类似的题目Power of Two,那道题有个非常简单的方法,由于2的次方数实在太有特点,最高位为1,其他位均为0,所以特别容易,而3的次方数没有显著的特点,最直接的方法就是不停地除以3,看最后的迭代商是否为1,要注意考虑输入是负数和0的情况,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    bool isPowerOfThree(int n) {
        while (n && n % 3 == 0) {
            n /= 3;
        }
        return n == 1;
    }
};

 

题目中的Follow up让我们不用循环,那么有一个投机取巧的方法,由于输入是int,正数范围是0-231,在此范围中允许的最大的3的次方数为319=1162261467,那么我们只要看这个数能否被n整除即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    bool isPowerOfThree(int n) {
        return (n > 0 && 1162261467 % n == 0);
    }
};

 

最后还有一种巧妙的方法,利用对数的换底公式来做,高中学过的换底公式为logab = logcb / logca,那么如果n是3的倍数,则log3n一定是整数,我们利用换底公式可以写为log3n = log10n / log103,注意这里一定要用10为底数,不能用自然数或者2为底数,否则当n=243时会出错,原因请看这个帖子。现在问题就变成了判断log10n / log103是否为整数,在c++中判断数字a是否为整数,我们可以用 a - int(a) == 0 来判断,参见代码如下:

 

解法三:

class Solution {
public:
    bool isPowerOfThree(int n) {
        return (n > 0 && int(log10(n) / log10(3)) - log10(n) / log10(3) == 0);
    }
};

 

类似题目:

Power of Two

Power of Four

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/power-of-three

https://leetcode.com/problems/power-of-three/discuss/77856/1-line-java-solution-without-loop-recursion

https://leetcode.com/problems/power-of-three/discuss/77876/**-A-summary-of-all-solutions-(new-method-included-at-15%3A30pm-Jan-8th)

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

@lld2006
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lld2006 commented Jan 1, 2020

解法3里面的link 已经无效了。

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