path_ocsp.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0

package pki

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"encoding/asn1"
	"encoding/base64"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/big"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/framework"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/certutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/errutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/logical"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/ocsp"
)

const (
	ocspReqParam            = "req"
	ocspResponseContentType = "application/ocsp-response"
	maximumRequestSize      = 2048 // A normal simple request is 87 bytes, so give us some buffer
)

type ocspRespInfo struct {
	serialNumber      *big.Int
	ocspStatus        int
	revocationTimeUTC *time.Time
	issuerID          issuerID
}

// These response variables should not be mutated, instead treat them as constants
var (
	OcspUnauthorizedResponse = &logical.Response{
		Data: map[string]interface{}{
			logical.HTTPContentType: ocspResponseContentType,
			logical.HTTPStatusCode:  http.StatusUnauthorized,
			logical.HTTPRawBody:     ocsp.UnauthorizedErrorResponse,
		},
	}
	OcspMalformedResponse = &logical.Response{
		Data: map[string]interface{}{
			logical.HTTPContentType: ocspResponseContentType,
			logical.HTTPStatusCode:  http.StatusBadRequest,
			logical.HTTPRawBody:     ocsp.MalformedRequestErrorResponse,
		},
	}
	OcspInternalErrorResponse = &logical.Response{
		Data: map[string]interface{}{
			logical.HTTPContentType: ocspResponseContentType,
			logical.HTTPStatusCode:  http.StatusInternalServerError,
			logical.HTTPRawBody:     ocsp.InternalErrorErrorResponse,
		},
	}

	ErrMissingOcspUsage = errors.New("issuer entry did not have the OCSPSigning usage")
	ErrIssuerHasNoKey   = errors.New("issuer has no key")
	ErrUnknownIssuer    = errors.New("unknown issuer")
)

func buildPathOcspGet(b *backend) *framework.Path {
	pattern := "ocsp/" + framework.MatchAllRegex(ocspReqParam)

	displayAttrs := &framework.DisplayAttributes{
		OperationPrefix: operationPrefixPKI,
		OperationVerb:   "query",
		OperationSuffix: "ocsp-with-get-req",
	}

	return buildOcspGetWithPath(b, pattern, displayAttrs)
}

func buildPathUnifiedOcspGet(b *backend) *framework.Path {
	pattern := "unified-ocsp/" + framework.MatchAllRegex(ocspReqParam)

	displayAttrs := &framework.DisplayAttributes{
		OperationPrefix: operationPrefixPKI,
		OperationVerb:   "query",
		OperationSuffix: "unified-ocsp-with-get-req",
	}

	return buildOcspGetWithPath(b, pattern, displayAttrs)
}

func buildOcspGetWithPath(b *backend, pattern string, displayAttrs *framework.DisplayAttributes) *framework.Path {
	return &framework.Path{
		Pattern:      pattern,
		DisplayAttrs: displayAttrs,
		Fields: map[string]*framework.FieldSchema{
			ocspReqParam: {
				Type:        framework.TypeString,
				Description: "base-64 encoded ocsp request",
			},
		},
		Operations: map[logical.Operation]framework.OperationHandler{
			logical.ReadOperation: &framework.PathOperation{
				Callback: b.ocspHandler,
			},
		},

		HelpSynopsis:    pathOcspHelpSyn,
		HelpDescription: pathOcspHelpDesc,
	}
}

func buildPathOcspPost(b *backend) *framework.Path {
	pattern := "ocsp"

	displayAttrs := &framework.DisplayAttributes{
		OperationPrefix: operationPrefixPKI,
		OperationVerb:   "query",
		OperationSuffix: "ocsp",
	}

	return buildOcspPostWithPath(b, pattern, displayAttrs)
}

func buildPathUnifiedOcspPost(b *backend) *framework.Path {
	pattern := "unified-ocsp"

	displayAttrs := &framework.DisplayAttributes{
		OperationPrefix: operationPrefixPKI,
		OperationVerb:   "query",
		OperationSuffix: "unified-ocsp",
	}

	return buildOcspPostWithPath(b, pattern, displayAttrs)
}

func buildOcspPostWithPath(b *backend, pattern string, displayAttrs *framework.DisplayAttributes) *framework.Path {
	return &framework.Path{
		Pattern:      pattern,
		DisplayAttrs: displayAttrs,
		Operations: map[logical.Operation]framework.OperationHandler{
			logical.UpdateOperation: &framework.PathOperation{
				Callback: b.ocspHandler,
			},
		},

		HelpSynopsis:    pathOcspHelpSyn,
		HelpDescription: pathOcspHelpDesc,
	}
}

func (b *backend) ocspHandler(ctx context.Context, request *logical.Request, data *framework.FieldData) (*logical.Response, error) {
	sc := b.makeStorageContext(ctx, request.Storage)
	cfg, err := b.crlBuilder.getConfigWithUpdate(sc)
	if err != nil || cfg.OcspDisable || (isUnifiedOcspPath(request) && !cfg.UnifiedCRL) {
		return OcspUnauthorizedResponse, nil
	}

	derReq, err := fetchDerEncodedRequest(request, data)
	if err != nil {
		return OcspMalformedResponse, nil
	}

	ocspReq, err := ocsp.ParseRequest(derReq)
	if err != nil {
		return OcspMalformedResponse, nil
	}

	useUnifiedStorage := canUseUnifiedStorage(request, cfg)

	ocspStatus, err := getOcspStatus(sc, ocspReq, useUnifiedStorage)
	if err != nil {
		return logAndReturnInternalError(b, err), nil
	}

	caBundle, issuer, err := lookupOcspIssuer(sc, ocspReq, ocspStatus.issuerID)
	if err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, ErrUnknownIssuer) {
			// Since we were not able to find a matching issuer for the incoming request
			// generate an Unknown OCSP response. This might turn into an Unauthorized if
			// we find out that we don't have a default issuer or it's missing the proper Usage flags
			return generateUnknownResponse(cfg, sc, ocspReq), nil
		}
		if errors.Is(err, ErrMissingOcspUsage) {
			// If we did find a matching issuer but aren't allowed to sign, the spec says
			// we should be responding with an Unauthorized response as we don't have the
			// ability to sign the response.
			// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5019#section-2.2.3
			return OcspUnauthorizedResponse, nil
		}
		return logAndReturnInternalError(b, err), nil
	}

	byteResp, err := genResponse(cfg, caBundle, ocspStatus, ocspReq.HashAlgorithm, issuer.RevocationSigAlg)
	if err != nil {
		return logAndReturnInternalError(b, err), nil
	}

	return &logical.Response{
		Data: map[string]interface{}{
			logical.HTTPContentType: ocspResponseContentType,
			logical.HTTPStatusCode:  http.StatusOK,
			logical.HTTPRawBody:     byteResp,
		},
	}, nil
}

func canUseUnifiedStorage(req *logical.Request, cfg *crlConfig) bool {
	if isUnifiedOcspPath(req) {
		return true
	}

	// We are operating on the existing /pki/ocsp path, both of these fields need to be enabled
	// for us to use the unified path.
	return shouldLocalPathsUseUnified(cfg)
}

func isUnifiedOcspPath(req *logical.Request) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(req.Path, "unified-ocsp")
}

func generateUnknownResponse(cfg *crlConfig, sc *storageContext, ocspReq *ocsp.Request) *logical.Response {
	// Generate an Unknown OCSP response, signing with the default issuer from the mount as we did
	// not match the request's issuer. If no default issuer can be used, return with Unauthorized as there
	// isn't much else we can do at this point.
	config, err := sc.getIssuersConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return logAndReturnInternalError(sc.Backend, err)
	}

	if config.DefaultIssuerId == "" {
		// If we don't have any issuers or default issuers set, no way to sign a response so Unauthorized it is.
		return OcspUnauthorizedResponse
	}

	caBundle, issuer, err := getOcspIssuerParsedBundle(sc, config.DefaultIssuerId)
	if err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, ErrUnknownIssuer) || errors.Is(err, ErrIssuerHasNoKey) {
			// We must have raced on a delete/update of the default issuer, anyways
			// no way to sign a response so Unauthorized it is.
			return OcspUnauthorizedResponse
		}
		return logAndReturnInternalError(sc.Backend, err)
	}

	if !issuer.Usage.HasUsage(OCSPSigningUsage) {
		// If we don't have any issuers or default issuers set, no way to sign a response so Unauthorized it is.
		return OcspUnauthorizedResponse
	}

	info := &ocspRespInfo{
		serialNumber: ocspReq.SerialNumber,
		ocspStatus:   ocsp.Unknown,
	}

	byteResp, err := genResponse(cfg, caBundle, info, ocspReq.HashAlgorithm, issuer.RevocationSigAlg)
	if err != nil {
		return logAndReturnInternalError(sc.Backend, err)
	}

	return &logical.Response{
		Data: map[string]interface{}{
			logical.HTTPContentType: ocspResponseContentType,
			logical.HTTPStatusCode:  http.StatusOK,
			logical.HTTPRawBody:     byteResp,
		},
	}
}

func fetchDerEncodedRequest(request *logical.Request, data *framework.FieldData) ([]byte, error) {
	switch request.Operation {
	case logical.ReadOperation:
		// The param within the GET request should have a base64 encoded version of a DER request.
		base64Req := data.Get(ocspReqParam).(string)
		if base64Req == "" {
			return nil, errors.New("no base64 encoded ocsp request was found")
		}

		if len(base64Req) >= maximumRequestSize {
			return nil, errors.New("request is too large")
		}

		return base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(base64Req)
	case logical.UpdateOperation:
		// POST bodies should contain the binary form of the DER request.
		// NOTE: Writing an empty update request to Vault causes a nil request.HTTPRequest, and that object
		//       says that it is possible for its Body element to be nil as well, so check both just in case.
		if request.HTTPRequest == nil {
			return nil, errors.New("no data in request")
		}
		rawBody := request.HTTPRequest.Body
		if rawBody == nil {
			return nil, errors.New("no data in request body")
		}
		defer rawBody.Close()

		requestBytes, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(rawBody, maximumRequestSize))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		if len(requestBytes) >= maximumRequestSize {
			return nil, errors.New("request is too large")
		}
		return requestBytes, nil
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported request method: %s", request.Operation)
	}
}

func logAndReturnInternalError(b *backend, err error) *logical.Response {
	// Since OCSP might be a high traffic endpoint, we will log at debug level only
	// any internal errors we do get. There is no way for us to return to the end-user
	// errors, so we rely on the log statement to help in debugging possible
	// issues in the field.
	b.Logger().Debug("OCSP internal error", "error", err)
	return OcspInternalErrorResponse
}

func getOcspStatus(sc *storageContext, ocspReq *ocsp.Request, useUnifiedStorage bool) (*ocspRespInfo, error) {
	revEntryRaw, err := fetchCertBySerialBigInt(sc, revokedPath, ocspReq.SerialNumber)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	info := ocspRespInfo{
		serialNumber: ocspReq.SerialNumber,
		ocspStatus:   ocsp.Good,
	}

	if revEntryRaw != nil {
		var revEntry revocationInfo
		if err := revEntryRaw.DecodeJSON(&revEntry); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		info.ocspStatus = ocsp.Revoked
		info.revocationTimeUTC = &revEntry.RevocationTimeUTC
		info.issuerID = revEntry.CertificateIssuer // This might be empty if the CRL hasn't been rebuilt
	} else if useUnifiedStorage {
		dashSerial := normalizeSerialFromBigInt(ocspReq.SerialNumber)
		unifiedEntry, err := getUnifiedRevocationBySerial(sc, dashSerial)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		if unifiedEntry != nil {
			info.ocspStatus = ocsp.Revoked
			info.revocationTimeUTC = &unifiedEntry.RevocationTimeUTC
			info.issuerID = unifiedEntry.CertificateIssuer
		}
	}

	return &info, nil
}

func lookupOcspIssuer(sc *storageContext, req *ocsp.Request, optRevokedIssuer issuerID) (*certutil.ParsedCertBundle, *issuerEntry, error) {
	reqHash := req.HashAlgorithm
	if !reqHash.Available() {
		return nil, nil, x509.ErrUnsupportedAlgorithm
	}

	// This will prime up issuerIds, with either the optRevokedIssuer value if set
	// or if we are operating in legacy storage mode, the shim bundle id or finally
	// a list of all our issuers in this mount.
	issuerIds, err := lookupIssuerIds(sc, optRevokedIssuer)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	matchedButNoUsage := false
	for _, issuerId := range issuerIds {
		parsedBundle, issuer, err := getOcspIssuerParsedBundle(sc, issuerId)
		if err != nil {
			// A bit touchy here as if we get an ErrUnknownIssuer for an issuer id that we picked up
			// from a revocation entry, we still return an ErrUnknownOcspIssuer as we can't validate
			// the end-user actually meant this specific issuer's cert with serial X.
			if errors.Is(err, ErrUnknownIssuer) || errors.Is(err, ErrIssuerHasNoKey) {
				// This skips either bad issuer ids, or root certs with no keys that we can't use.
				continue
			}
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		// Make sure the client and Vault are talking about the same issuer, otherwise
		// we might have a case of a matching serial number for a different issuer which
		// we should not respond back in the affirmative about.
		matches, err := doesRequestMatchIssuer(parsedBundle, req)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		if matches {
			if !issuer.Usage.HasUsage(OCSPSigningUsage) {
				matchedButNoUsage = true
				// We found a matching issuer, but it's not allowed to sign the
				// response, there might be another issuer that we rotated
				// that will match though, so keep iterating.
				continue
			}

			return parsedBundle, issuer, nil
		}
	}

	if matchedButNoUsage {
		// We matched an issuer but it did not have an OCSP signing usage set so bail.
		return nil, nil, ErrMissingOcspUsage
	}

	return nil, nil, ErrUnknownIssuer
}

func getOcspIssuerParsedBundle(sc *storageContext, issuerId issuerID) (*certutil.ParsedCertBundle, *issuerEntry, error) {
	issuer, bundle, err := sc.fetchCertBundleByIssuerId(issuerId, true)
	if err != nil {
		switch err.(type) {
		case errutil.UserError:
			// Most likely the issuer id no longer exists skip it
			return nil, nil, ErrUnknownIssuer
		default:
			return nil, nil, err
		}
	}

	if issuer.KeyID == "" {
		// No point if the key does not exist from the issuer to use as a signer.
		return nil, nil, ErrIssuerHasNoKey
	}

	caBundle, err := parseCABundle(sc.Context, sc.Backend, bundle)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	return caBundle, issuer, nil
}

func lookupIssuerIds(sc *storageContext, optRevokedIssuer issuerID) ([]issuerID, error) {
	if optRevokedIssuer != "" {
		return []issuerID{optRevokedIssuer}, nil
	}

	if sc.Backend.useLegacyBundleCaStorage() {
		return []issuerID{legacyBundleShimID}, nil
	}

	return sc.listIssuers()
}

func doesRequestMatchIssuer(parsedBundle *certutil.ParsedCertBundle, req *ocsp.Request) (bool, error) {
	// issuer name hashing taken from golang.org/x/crypto/ocsp.
	var pkInfo struct {
		Algorithm pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier
		PublicKey asn1.BitString
	}
	if _, err := asn1.Unmarshal(parsedBundle.Certificate.RawSubjectPublicKeyInfo, &pkInfo); err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	h := req.HashAlgorithm.New()
	h.Write(pkInfo.PublicKey.RightAlign())
	issuerKeyHash := h.Sum(nil)

	h.Reset()
	h.Write(parsedBundle.Certificate.RawSubject)
	issuerNameHash := h.Sum(nil)

	return bytes.Equal(req.IssuerKeyHash, issuerKeyHash) && bytes.Equal(req.IssuerNameHash, issuerNameHash), nil
}

func genResponse(cfg *crlConfig, caBundle *certutil.ParsedCertBundle, info *ocspRespInfo, reqHash crypto.Hash, revSigAlg x509.SignatureAlgorithm) ([]byte, error) {
	curTime := time.Now()
	duration, err := parseutil.ParseDurationSecond(cfg.OcspExpiry)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// x/crypto/ocsp lives outside of the standard library's crypto/x509 and includes
	// ripped-off variants of many internal structures and functions. These
	// lack support for PSS signatures altogether, so if we have revSigAlg
	// that uses PSS, downgrade it to PKCS#1v1.5. This fixes the lack of
	// support in x/ocsp, at the risk of OCSP requests failing due to lack
	// of PKCS#1v1.5 (in say, PKCS#11 HSMs or GCP).
	//
	// Other restrictions, such as hash function selection, will still work
	// however.
	switch revSigAlg {
	case x509.SHA256WithRSAPSS:
		revSigAlg = x509.SHA256WithRSA
	case x509.SHA384WithRSAPSS:
		revSigAlg = x509.SHA384WithRSA
	case x509.SHA512WithRSAPSS:
		revSigAlg = x509.SHA512WithRSA
	}

	// Due to a bug in Go's ocsp.ParseResponse(...), we do not provision
	// Certificate any more on the response to help Go based OCSP clients.
	// This was technically unnecessary, as the Certificate given here
	// both signed the OCSP response and issued the leaf cert, and so
	// should already be trusted by the client.
	//
	// See also: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/59641
	template := ocsp.Response{
		IssuerHash:         reqHash,
		Status:             info.ocspStatus,
		SerialNumber:       info.serialNumber,
		ThisUpdate:         curTime,
		NextUpdate:         curTime.Add(duration),
		ExtraExtensions:    []pkix.Extension{},
		SignatureAlgorithm: revSigAlg,
	}

	if info.ocspStatus == ocsp.Revoked {
		template.RevokedAt = *info.revocationTimeUTC
		template.RevocationReason = ocsp.Unspecified
	}

	return ocsp.CreateResponse(caBundle.Certificate, caBundle.Certificate, template, caBundle.PrivateKey)
}

const pathOcspHelpSyn = `
Query a certificate's revocation status through OCSP'
`

const pathOcspHelpDesc = `
This endpoint expects DER encoded OCSP requests and returns DER encoded OCSP responses
`