Merge pull request #12774 from sveerara/vol_lock_warning

Generate warning when volumetric locking is used with second order el…

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/hertz_cyl/half_symm_q8/tests

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
     hertz_cyl_half_1deg_frictionless_aug_check_cont_press_0035.csv
     hertz_cyl_half_1deg_frictionless_aug_check_x_disp_0035.csv
     hertz_cyl_half_1deg_frictionless_aug_check_y_disp_0035.csv'
-    cli_args = 'Problem/type=AugmentedLagrangianContactProblem Problem/maximum_lagrangian_update_iterations=200 
+    cli_args = 'Problem/type=AugmentedLagrangianContactProblem Problem/maximum_lagrangian_update_iterations=200
     Contact/interface/model=frictionless Contact/interface/formulation=augmented_lagrange
     Contact/interface/al_penetration_tolerance=1e-12
     Outputs/file_base=hertz_cyl_half_1deg_frictionless_aug_out Outputs/chkfile/file_base=hertz_cyl_half_1deg_frictionless_aug_check
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
     type = 'CSVDiff'
     input = 'hertz_cyl_half_1deg_template1.i'
     csvdiff = 'hertz_cyl_half_1deg_mu_0_2_aug_check2.csv hertz_cyl_half_1deg_mu_0_2_aug_check_cont_press_0030.csv hertz_cyl_half_1deg_mu_0_2_aug_check_x_disp_0030.csv hertz_cyl_half_1deg_mu_0_2_aug_check_y_disp_0030.csv'
-    cli_args = 'Problem/type=AugmentedLagrangianContactProblem Problem/maximum_lagrangian_update_iterations=200 
+    cli_args = 'Problem/type=AugmentedLagrangianContactProblem Problem/maximum_lagrangian_update_iterations=200
     Contact/interface/formulation=augmented_lagrange Contact/interface/al_penetration_tolerance=1e-12
     Executioner/end_time=3.0 Contact/interface/friction_coefficient=0.2
     Outputs/file_base=hertz_cyl_half_1deg_mu_0_2_aug_out Outputs/chkfile/file_base=hertz_cyl_half_1deg_mu_0_2_aug_check

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_3/brick3_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_3/brick3_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_3/brick3_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_4/brick4_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_4/brick4_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_4/brick4_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/brick_4/tests

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
     input = 'brick4_mu_0_2_pen.i'
     csvdiff = 'brick4_mu_0_2_pen_check.csv brick4_mu_0_2_pen_check_cont_press_0001.csv brick4_mu_0_2_pen_check_x_disp_0001.csv'
     rel_err = 1e-5
-    abs_zero = 1e-8
+    abs_zero = 2e-8
     max_parallel = 1
     superlu = true
     prereq = 'mu_0_2_pen_sm'

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/cyl_3/cyl3_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/cyl_3/cyl3_template1.i

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/cyl_3/cyl3_template2.i

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/cyl_4/cyl4_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/cyl_4/cyl4_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/cyl_4/cyl4_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/plane_3/plane3_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/plane_3/plane3_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/plane_3/plane3_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/plane_4/plane4_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/plane_4/plane4_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/plane_4/plane4_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/ring_3/ring3_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/ring_3/ring3_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/ring_3/ring3_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/ring_4/ring4_mu_0_2_pen.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/ring_4/ring4_template1.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 

modules/combined/test/tests/contact_verification/patch_tests/ring_4/ring4_template2.i

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
 []
 
@@ -279,7 +278,7 @@
   line_search = 'none'
 
   nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
-  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
+  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
   l_max_its = 50
   nl_max_its = 100
   dt = 1.0

modules/combined/test/tests/gravity/gravity_hex20.i

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 []
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master/All]
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   strain = FINITE
   add_variables = true
   generate_output = 'stress_xx'

modules/combined/test/tests/gravity/gravity_hex20_sm.i

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 [GlobalParams]
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
+  volumetric_locking_correction = false
 []
 
 [Mesh]

modules/combined/test/tests/gravity/gravity_qp_select.i

@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@
 []
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master/All]
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   strain = FINITE
   #incremental = true
   add_variables = true

modules/combined/test/tests/gravity/gravity_qp_select_sm.i

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 
 [GlobalParams]
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
+  volumetric_locking_correction = false
 []
 
 [Mesh]

modules/combined/test/tests/gravity/gravity_rz_quad8.i

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 []
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master/All]
-  volumetric_locking_correction = true
   strain = FINITE
   add_variables = true
   generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_xy'

modules/combined/test/tests/gravity/gravity_rz_quad8_sm.i

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 [GlobalParams]
   displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
+  volumetric_locking_correction = false
 []
 
 [Problem]

modules/combined/test/tests/internal_volume/hex20.i

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master]
   [./all]
-    volumetric_locking_correction = true
     incremental = true
     strain = FINITE
   [../]

modules/combined/test/tests/internal_volume/rz_quad8.i

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master]
   [./all]
-    volumetric_locking_correction = true
     incremental = true
     strain = FINITE
   [../]

modules/combined/test/tests/nodal_area/nodal_area_Hex20.i

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master]
   [./all]
-    volumetric_locking_correction = true
     incremental = true
     save_in = 'react_x react_y react_z'
     add_variables = true

modules/combined/test/tests/nodal_area/nodal_area_Hex20_3.i

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master]
   [./all]
-    volumetric_locking_correction = true
     incremental = true
     save_in = 'react_x react_y react_z'
     add_variables = true

modules/combined/test/tests/nodal_area/nodal_area_Hex20_3_sm.i

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 [GlobalParams]
   order = SECOND
   displacements = 'displ_x displ_y displ_z'
+  volumetric_locking_correction = false
 []
 
 [Functions]

modules/combined/test/tests/nodal_area/nodal_area_Hex27.i

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 
 [Modules/TensorMechanics/Master]
   [./all]
-    volumetric_locking_correction = true
     incremental = true
     save_in = 'react_x react_y react_z'
     add_variables = true

modules/tensor_mechanics/doc/content/bib/tensor_mechanics.bib

@@ -332,3 +332,12 @@ @article{Levitas2011
   Pages = {284},
   Year = {2011}
 }
+
+@article{nakshatrala2008fem,
+  Author = {Nakshatrala, K. B. and Masud, A. and Hjelmstad, K. D.},
+  Journal = {Computational Mechanics},
+  Title = {On finite element formulations for nearly incompressible linear elasticity},
+  Volume = {41},
+  Pages = {547-561},
+  Year = {2008}
+}

modules/tensor_mechanics/doc/content/modules/tensor_mechanics/VolumetricLocking.md

@@ -66,4 +66,24 @@ the following pre-conditioner block may be used:
          start=Preconditioning
          end=Executioner
 
+## Verification of locking correction on Cook's membrane
+
+A 2D trapezoidal membrane [fig_cook] with Poisson's ratio of 0.4999 is fixed at the left edge and sheared at the right edge. Locking behavior of the membrane is observed with the use of first order (Quad4) elements with no volumetric locking correction. This locking results in much lower vertical displacement at Point A than that observed in other scenarios [fig_cook_results]. Locking can be avoided with the use of Quad4 elements along with volumetric locking correction or with the use of second order elements (Quad8) with or without volumetric locking correction. These results match with that presented in Fig. 6 of [cite!nakshatrala2008fem].  
+
+!row!
+
+!media media/tensor_mechanics/cook_problem.png
+      style=width:35%;margin-left:2%;
+      id=fig_cook
+      caption=2D problem to demonstrate volumetric locking.
+
+!media media/tensor_mechanics/cook_results.png
+      style=width:35%;margin-left:2%;
+      id=fig_cook_results
+      caption= Vertical displacement at Point A for different element types and mesh density. Locking behavior is observed when Quad4 elements with no volumetric locking correction are used.
+
+!row-end!
+
+Note that at least 20 nodes per edge are required to converge to the correct solution even when volumetric locking correction is used for this problem. Also, second order elements do not display locking behavior, so volumetric locking correction is not required for second order elements. Using volumetric locking correction with second order elements causes a different convergence pattern for the displacements [fig_cook_results] and it is also shown to result in noisy zigzag pattern in stress or strain profiles.
+
 !bibtex bibliography

modules/tensor_mechanics/src/kernels/StressDivergenceTensors.C

@@ -103,6 +103,12 @@ StressDivergenceTensors::StressDivergenceTensors(const InputParameters & paramet
   // Error if volumetric locking correction is turned on for 1D problems
   if (_ndisp == 1 && _volumetric_locking_correction)
     mooseError("Volumetric locking correction should be set to false for 1-D problems.");
+
+  // Generate warning when volumetric locking correction is used with second order elements
+  if (_mesh.hasSecondOrderElements() && _volumetric_locking_correction)
+    mooseWarning("Volumteric locking correction is not required for second order elements. Using "
+                 "volumetric locking with second order elements could cause zigzag patterns in "
+                 "stresses and strains.");
 }
 
 void

modules/tensor_mechanics/src/materials/ComputeStrainBase.C

@@ -61,6 +61,12 @@ ComputeStrainBase::ComputeStrainBase(const InputParameters & parameters)
 
   if (getParam<bool>("use_displaced_mesh"))
     paramError("use_displaced_mesh", "The strain calculator needs to run on the undisplaced mesh.");
+
+  // Generate warning when volumetric locking correction is used with second order elements
+  if (_mesh.hasSecondOrderElements() && _volumetric_locking_correction)
+    mooseWarning("Volumteric locking correction is not required for second order elements. Using "
+                 "volumetric locking with second order elements could cause zigzag patterns in "
+                 "stresses and strains.");
 }
 
 void