proxier.go

/*
Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package winuserspace

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang/glog"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
	utilnet "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/net"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/proxy"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/netsh"
)

const allAvailableInterfaces string = ""
const stickyMaxAgeMinutes int = 180 // TODO: parameterize this in the API.

type portal struct {
	ip         string
	port       int
	isExternal bool
}

type serviceInfo struct {
	isAliveAtomic       int32 // Only access this with atomic ops
	portal              portal
	protocol            api.Protocol
	socket              proxySocket
	timeout             time.Duration
	activeClients       *clientCache
	dnsClients          *dnsClientCache
	sessionAffinityType api.ServiceAffinity
}

func (info *serviceInfo) setAlive(b bool) {
	var i int32
	if b {
		i = 1
	}
	atomic.StoreInt32(&info.isAliveAtomic, i)
}

func (info *serviceInfo) isAlive() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&info.isAliveAtomic) != 0
}

func logTimeout(err error) bool {
	if e, ok := err.(net.Error); ok {
		if e.Timeout() {
			glog.V(3).Infof("connection to endpoint closed due to inactivity")
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// Proxier is a simple proxy for TCP connections between a localhost:lport
// and services that provide the actual implementations.
type Proxier struct {
	loadBalancer   LoadBalancer
	mu             sync.Mutex // protects serviceMap
	serviceMap     map[ServicePortPortalName]*serviceInfo
	syncPeriod     time.Duration
	udpIdleTimeout time.Duration
	portMapMutex   sync.Mutex
	portMap        map[portMapKey]*portMapValue
	numProxyLoops  int32 // use atomic ops to access this; mostly for testing
	netsh          netsh.Interface
	hostIP         net.IP
}

// assert Proxier is a ProxyProvider
var _ proxy.ProxyProvider = &Proxier{}

// A key for the portMap.  The ip has to be a string because slices can't be map
// keys.
type portMapKey struct {
	ip       string
	port     int
	protocol api.Protocol
}

func (k *portMapKey) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d/%s", k.ip, k.port, k.protocol)
}

// A value for the portMap
type portMapValue struct {
	owner  ServicePortPortalName
	socket interface {
		Close() error
	}
}

var (
	// ErrProxyOnLocalhost is returned by NewProxier if the user requests a proxier on
	// the loopback address. May be checked for by callers of NewProxier to know whether
	// the caller provided invalid input.
	ErrProxyOnLocalhost = fmt.Errorf("cannot proxy on localhost")
)

// IsProxyLocked returns true if the proxy could not acquire the lock on iptables.
func IsProxyLocked(err error) bool {
	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "holding the xtables lock")
}

// Used below.
var localhostIPv4 = net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1")
var localhostIPv6 = net.ParseIP("::1")

// NewProxier returns a new Proxier given a LoadBalancer and an address on
// which to listen.  Because of the iptables logic, It is assumed that there
// is only a single Proxier active on a machine. An error will be returned if
// the proxier cannot be started due to an invalid ListenIP (loopback) or
// if iptables fails to update or acquire the initial lock. Once a proxier is
// created, it will keep iptables up to date in the background and will not
// terminate if a particular iptables call fails.
func NewProxier(loadBalancer LoadBalancer, listenIP net.IP, netsh netsh.Interface, pr utilnet.PortRange, syncPeriod, udpIdleTimeout time.Duration) (*Proxier, error) {
	if listenIP.Equal(localhostIPv4) || listenIP.Equal(localhostIPv6) {
		return nil, ErrProxyOnLocalhost
	}

	hostIP, err := utilnet.ChooseHostInterface()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to select a host interface: %v", err)
	}

	glog.V(2).Infof("Setting proxy IP to %v and initializing iptables", hostIP)
	return createProxier(loadBalancer, listenIP, netsh, hostIP, syncPeriod, udpIdleTimeout)
}

func createProxier(loadBalancer LoadBalancer, listenIP net.IP, netsh netsh.Interface, hostIP net.IP, syncPeriod, udpIdleTimeout time.Duration) (*Proxier, error) {
	return &Proxier{
		loadBalancer:   loadBalancer,
		serviceMap:     make(map[ServicePortPortalName]*serviceInfo),
		portMap:        make(map[portMapKey]*portMapValue),
		syncPeriod:     syncPeriod,
		udpIdleTimeout: udpIdleTimeout,
		netsh:          netsh,
		hostIP:         hostIP,
	}, nil
}

// Sync is called to immediately synchronize the proxier state
func (proxier *Proxier) Sync() {
	proxier.cleanupStaleStickySessions()
}

// SyncLoop runs periodic work.  This is expected to run as a goroutine or as the main loop of the app.  It does not return.
func (proxier *Proxier) SyncLoop() {
	t := time.NewTicker(proxier.syncPeriod)
	defer t.Stop()
	for {
		<-t.C
		glog.V(6).Infof("Periodic sync")
		proxier.Sync()
	}
}

// cleanupStaleStickySessions cleans up any stale sticky session records in the hash map.
func (proxier *Proxier) cleanupStaleStickySessions() {
	proxier.mu.Lock()
	defer proxier.mu.Unlock()
	servicePortNameMap := make(map[proxy.ServicePortName]bool)
	for name := range proxier.serviceMap {
		servicePortName := proxy.ServicePortName{
			NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{
				Namespace: name.Namespace,
				Name:      name.Name,
			},
			Port: name.Port,
		}
		if servicePortNameMap[servicePortName] == false {
			// ensure cleanup sticky sessions only gets called once per serviceportname
			servicePortNameMap[servicePortName] = true
			proxier.loadBalancer.CleanupStaleStickySessions(servicePortName)
		}
	}
}

// This assumes proxier.mu is not locked.
func (proxier *Proxier) stopProxy(service ServicePortPortalName, info *serviceInfo) error {
	proxier.mu.Lock()
	defer proxier.mu.Unlock()
	return proxier.stopProxyInternal(service, info)
}

// This assumes proxier.mu is locked.
func (proxier *Proxier) stopProxyInternal(service ServicePortPortalName, info *serviceInfo) error {
	delete(proxier.serviceMap, service)
	info.setAlive(false)
	err := info.socket.Close()
	return err
}

func (proxier *Proxier) getServiceInfo(service ServicePortPortalName) (*serviceInfo, bool) {
	proxier.mu.Lock()
	defer proxier.mu.Unlock()
	info, ok := proxier.serviceMap[service]
	return info, ok
}

func (proxier *Proxier) setServiceInfo(service ServicePortPortalName, info *serviceInfo) {
	proxier.mu.Lock()
	defer proxier.mu.Unlock()
	proxier.serviceMap[service] = info
}

// addServicePortPortal starts listening for a new service, returning the serviceInfo.
// The timeout only applies to UDP connections, for now.
func (proxier *Proxier) addServicePortPortal(servicePortPortalName ServicePortPortalName, protocol api.Protocol, listenIP string, port int, timeout time.Duration) (*serviceInfo, error) {
	var serviceIP net.IP
	if listenIP != allAvailableInterfaces {
		if serviceIP = net.ParseIP(listenIP); serviceIP == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse ip '%q'", listenIP)
		}
		// add the IP address.  Node port binds to all interfaces.
		args := proxier.netshIpv4AddressAddArgs(serviceIP)
		if existed, err := proxier.netsh.EnsureIPAddress(args, serviceIP); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		} else if !existed {
			glog.V(3).Infof("Added ip address to fowarder interface for service %q at %s:%d/%s", servicePortPortalName, listenIP, port, protocol)
		}
	}

	// add the listener, proxy
	sock, err := newProxySocket(protocol, serviceIP, port)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	si := &serviceInfo{
		isAliveAtomic: 1,
		portal: portal{
			ip:         listenIP,
			port:       port,
			isExternal: false,
		},
		protocol:            protocol,
		socket:              sock,
		timeout:             timeout,
		activeClients:       newClientCache(),
		dnsClients:          newDnsClientCache(),
		sessionAffinityType: api.ServiceAffinityNone, // default
	}
	proxier.setServiceInfo(servicePortPortalName, si)

	glog.V(2).Infof("Proxying for service %q at %s:%d/%s", servicePortPortalName, listenIP, port, protocol)
	go func(service ServicePortPortalName, proxier *Proxier) {
		defer runtime.HandleCrash()
		atomic.AddInt32(&proxier.numProxyLoops, 1)
		sock.ProxyLoop(service, si, proxier)
		atomic.AddInt32(&proxier.numProxyLoops, -1)
	}(servicePortPortalName, proxier)

	return si, nil
}

func (proxier *Proxier) closeServicePortPortal(servicePortPortalName ServicePortPortalName, info *serviceInfo) error {
	// turn off the proxy
	if err := proxier.stopProxy(servicePortPortalName, info); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// close the PortalProxy by deleting the service IP address
	if info.portal.ip != allAvailableInterfaces {
		serviceIP := net.ParseIP(info.portal.ip)
		args := proxier.netshIpv4AddressDeleteArgs(serviceIP)
		if err := proxier.netsh.DeleteIPAddress(args); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// getListenIPPortMap returns a slice of all listen IPs for a service.
func getListenIPPortMap(service *api.Service, listenPort int, nodePort int) map[string]int {
	listenIPPortMap := make(map[string]int)
	listenIPPortMap[service.Spec.ClusterIP] = listenPort

	for _, ip := range service.Spec.ExternalIPs {
		listenIPPortMap[ip] = listenPort
	}

	for _, ingress := range service.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
		listenIPPortMap[ingress.IP] = listenPort
	}

	if nodePort != 0 {
		listenIPPortMap[allAvailableInterfaces] = nodePort
	}

	return listenIPPortMap
}

// OnServiceUpdate manages the active set of service proxies.
// Active service proxies are reinitialized if found in the update set or
// shutdown if missing from the update set.
func (proxier *Proxier) OnServiceUpdate(services []api.Service) {
	glog.V(4).Infof("Received update notice: %+v", services)
	activeServicePortPortals := make(map[ServicePortPortalName]bool) // use a map as a set
	for i := range services {
		service := &services[i]

		// if ClusterIP is "None" or empty, skip proxying
		if !api.IsServiceIPSet(service) {
			glog.V(3).Infof("Skipping service %s due to clusterIP = %q", types.NamespacedName{Namespace: service.Namespace, Name: service.Name}, service.Spec.ClusterIP)
			continue
		}

		for i := range service.Spec.Ports {
			servicePort := &service.Spec.Ports[i]
			// create a slice of all the source IPs to use for service port portals
			listenIPPortMap := getListenIPPortMap(service, int(servicePort.Port), int(servicePort.NodePort))
			protocol := servicePort.Protocol

			for listenIP, listenPort := range listenIPPortMap {
				servicePortPortalName := ServicePortPortalName{
					NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{
						Namespace: service.Namespace,
						Name:      service.Name,
					},
					Port:         servicePort.Name,
					PortalIPName: listenIP,
				}
				activeServicePortPortals[servicePortPortalName] = true
				info, exists := proxier.getServiceInfo(servicePortPortalName)
				if exists && sameConfig(info, service, protocol, listenPort) {
					// Nothing changed.
					continue
				}
				if exists {
					glog.V(4).Infof("Something changed for service %q: stopping it", servicePortPortalName)
					if err := proxier.closeServicePortPortal(servicePortPortalName, info); err != nil {
						glog.Errorf("Failed to close service port portal %q: %v", servicePortPortalName, err)
					}
				}
				glog.V(1).Infof("Adding new service %q at %s:%d/%s", servicePortPortalName, listenIP, listenPort, protocol)
				info, err := proxier.addServicePortPortal(servicePortPortalName, protocol, listenIP, listenPort, proxier.udpIdleTimeout)
				if err != nil {
					glog.Errorf("Failed to start proxy for %q: %v", servicePortPortalName, err)
					continue
				}
				info.sessionAffinityType = service.Spec.SessionAffinity
				glog.V(10).Infof("info: %#v", info)
			}
			if len(listenIPPortMap) > 0 {
				// only one loadbalancer per service port portal
				servicePortName := proxy.ServicePortName{
					NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{
						Namespace: service.Namespace,
						Name:      service.Name,
					},
					Port: servicePort.Name,
				}
				proxier.loadBalancer.NewService(servicePortName, service.Spec.SessionAffinity, stickyMaxAgeMinutes)
			}
		}
	}

	for name, info := range proxier.serviceMap {
		if !activeServicePortPortals[name] {
			glog.V(1).Infof("Stopping service %q", name)

			if err := proxier.closeServicePortPortal(name, info); err != nil {
				glog.Errorf("Failed to close service port portal %q: %v", name, err)
			}
		}
	}

	proxier.mu.Lock()
	defer proxier.mu.Unlock()

	// servicePortNameMap tracks all service port portals with the same name/port.
	// A value of true means there is one or more service port portals with name/port pair.
	servicePortNameMap := make(map[proxy.ServicePortName]bool)
	for name := range proxier.serviceMap {
		servicePortName := proxy.ServicePortName{
			NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{
				Namespace: name.Namespace,
				Name:      name.Name,
			},
			Port: name.Port,
		}
		servicePortNameMap[servicePortName] = servicePortNameMap[servicePortName] || activeServicePortPortals[name]
	}

	// Only delete load balancer if all listen ips per name/port show inactive.
	for name := range servicePortNameMap {
		if !servicePortNameMap[name] {
			proxier.loadBalancer.DeleteService(name)
		}
	}
}

func sameConfig(info *serviceInfo, service *api.Service, protocol api.Protocol, listenPort int) bool {
	return info.protocol == protocol && info.portal.port == listenPort && info.sessionAffinityType == service.Spec.SessionAffinity
}

func isTooManyFDsError(err error) bool {
	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "too many open files")
}

func isClosedError(err error) bool {
	// A brief discussion about handling closed error here:
	// https://code.google.com/p/go/issues/detail?id=4373#c14
	// TODO: maybe create a stoppable TCP listener that returns a StoppedError
	return strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "use of closed network connection")
}

func (proxier *Proxier) netshIpv4AddressAddArgs(destIP net.IP) []string {
	intName := proxier.netsh.GetInterfaceToAddIP()
	args := []string{
		"interface", "ipv4", "add", "address",
		"name=" + intName,
		"address=" + destIP.String(),
	}

	return args
}

func (proxier *Proxier) netshIpv4AddressDeleteArgs(destIP net.IP) []string {
	intName := proxier.netsh.GetInterfaceToAddIP()
	args := []string{
		"interface", "ipv4", "delete", "address",
		"name=" + intName,
		"address=" + destIP.String(),
	}

	return args
}