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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?>
<!-- Use the following command to generate rtpproxy.8: -->
<!-- xsltproc /usr/local/share/xsl/docbook/manpages/docbook.xsl manpage.xml -->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY dhfirstname "<firstname>Maxim</firstname>">
<!ENTITY dhsurname "<surname>Sobolev</surname>">
<!-- Please adjust the date whenever revising the manpage. -->
<!ENTITY dhdate "<date>Jun 16, 2008</date>">
<!-- SECTION should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection other parameters are
allowed: see man(7), man(1). -->
<!ENTITY dhsection "<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>">
<!ENTITY dhemail "<email>sobomax@sippysoft.com</email>">
<!ENTITY dhusername "janakj">
<!ENTITY dhucpackage "<refentrytitle>rtpproxy</refentrytitle>">
<!ENTITY dhpackage "rtpproxy">
<!ENTITY debian "<productname>Debian</productname>">
<!ENTITY gnu "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
<!ENTITY gpl "&gnu; <acronym>GPL</acronym>">
]>
<refentry>
<refentryinfo>
<address>
&dhemail;
</address>
<author>
&dhfirstname;
&dhsurname;
</author>
<copyright>
<year>2006</year>
<holder>&dhusername;</holder>
</copyright>
&dhdate;
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
&dhucpackage;
&dhsection;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>&dhpackage;</refname>
<refpurpose>RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) Proxy Server</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>&dhpackage;</command>
<!-- TODO "S:N:c:" -->
<arg choice="opt"><option>-?</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-2</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-f</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-v</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-V</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-R</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-l</option> <replaceable>addr1<optional>/addr2</optional></replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-6</option> <replaceable>addr1<optional>/addr2</optional></replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option> <replaceable>ctrl_socket</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>tos</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-p</option> <replaceable>pidfile</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-T</option> <replaceable>max_ttl</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt">
<option>-r</option> <replaceable>rdir</replaceable>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-S</option> <replaceable>sdir</replaceable></arg>
</arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-L</option> <replaceable>nofile_limit</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-A</option> <replaceable>advaddr1<optional>/advaddr2</optional></replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-m</option> <replaceable>min_port</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-M</option> <replaceable>max_port</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-u</option> <replaceable>uname<optional>:gname</optional></replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-w</option> <replaceable>sock_mode</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-F</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-i</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-n</option> <replaceable>timeout_socket</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-P</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-a</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-d</option> <replaceable>log_level<optional>:log_facility</optional></replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option> <replaceable>setup_ttl</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para>
<command>&dhpackage;</command> is a symmetric RTP proxy designed to
be used in conjunction with the SIP Express Router (SER) or any
other SIP proxy or SIP B2BUA capable of rewriting SDP bodies in SIP messages
that it processes.
</para>
<para>
The main purpose of rtpproxy is to make the communication between
SIP user agents behind NAT(s) (Network Address Translator)
possible. Several cases exists when direct end-to-end communication
is not possible and RTP streams have to be relayed through another
host. Rtpproxy can be used to setup such a relaying host.
</para>
<para>
When two listen interfaces have been specified using the command
line parameters described below then rtpproxy will enter so called
bridging mode. In briding mode rtpproxy forwards RTP packets
received on one interface to the other interface and vice
versa. This mode can be used to forward RTP packets between
networks without direct network level connectivy (provided that the
host running rtpproxy has one interface in both of them). One
particular application of bridging mode is IPv4/IPv6 traversal of
RTP packets.
</para>
<para>
When instructured by SER rtpproxy can also record the entire RTP
session in a file on a local harddisk or play a pre-recorded file
to the user agent (so called Music-on-Hold).
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>OPTIONS</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-?</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show summary of options.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-2</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Send every RTP packet twice in sessions that use
low-bitrate codecs. Only packets that are smaller than
128 bytes will be sent twice. This option can improve
audio quality on lossy links.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-f</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Rtpproxy will stay in foreground mode if this option is
set.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-v</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show version of program.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-V</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show command protocol version.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-l</option> <replaceable>addr1<optional>/addr2</optional></replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
IPv4 listen IP address(es). You can specify either
one or two addresses. If two addresses have been
specified then rtpproxy will work in bridging mode.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-6</option> <replaceable>addr1<optional>/addr2</optional></replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
IPv6 listen IP address(es). You can specify either one
or two addresses. If two addresses have been specified
then rtpproxy will work in bridging mode.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-s</option> <replaceable>ctrl_socket</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This parameter configures rtpproxy control socket. The
control socket is used by nathelper module of SER to
create/modify/delete RTP sessions to be relayed.
Format of <replaceable>ctrl_socket</replaceable> is
<type>:<socket>. Following types are
supported:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>udp:</emphasis> Create UDP
control socket. In this mode RTPProxy will
listen on UDP for control messages from
SER/nathelper.
</para>
<para>
Example: -s udp:127.0.0.1:9000
</para>
<para>
IP address can be '*' in which case
rtpproxy will listen on all local
interfaces. If omitted port 22222 is used.
</para>
<note>
<para>
RTPProxy control protocol has no
built-in security mechanisms. Make sure
that you protect the listening IP and
port properly when using RTPProxy with
UDP control socket.
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>udp6:</emphasis> Create IPv6 UDP
control socket. In this mode RTPProxy will
listen on UDP/IPv6 for control messages
from SER/nathelper.
</para>
<para>
Example: -s udp6:::1:9000
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>unix:</emphasis> Create UNIX
domain socket for control interface. In
this mode SER/nathelper and RTPProxy must
be running on the same host. This is the
default setting for both SER/nathelper and
rtpproxy.
</para>
<para>Example: -s unix:/var/run/rtpproxy.sock</para>
<para>Default value is <filename>/var/run/rtpproxy.sock</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-t</option> <replaceable>tos</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set ToS (Type of Service) in the outgoing UDP
packets to this value. Default value is 0xB8. Setting this
parameter to -1 disables setting ToS resulting in operating
system default ToS being used instead.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-r</option> <replaceable>rec_dir</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>Directory where recorded RTP sessions will be stored.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-S</option> <replaceable>spool_dir</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Spool directory for RTP sessions being recorded. The
file will be moved to directory configured in
<option>-r</option> option after the session finishes.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-R</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Do not record RTCP when recording an RTP session. This
option is disabled (rtpproxy will record RTCP) by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-p</option> <replaceable>pid_file</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This parameter configures the name of the file where
PID of running rtpproxy will be stored. Default is
<filename>/var/run/rtpproxy.pid</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-T</option> <replaceable>max_ttl</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Limit the maximum TTL (Time To Live) of outgoing IP packets to
the value of <replaceable>max_ttl</replaceable>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-L</option> <replaceable>nofile_limit</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Adjust the number of simultaneous open connections.
Please note that each RTP media stream requires four
open connections. A SIP call can open more than one RTP
media stream depending on the client's setup.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-A</option> <replaceable>advaddr1<optional>/advaddr2</optional></replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Setup advertised address if necessary.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-m</option> <replaceable>min_port</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set lower limit on UDP ports range that the RTPproxy uses for
RTP/RTCP sessions to <replaceable>min_port</replaceable>.
Default is 35000.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-M</option> <replaceable>max_port</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set upper limit on UDP ports range that the RTPproxy uses for
RTP/RTCP sessions to <replaceable>max_port</replaceable>.
Default is 65000.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-u</option> <replaceable>uname<optional>:gname</optional></replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Switch RTPproxy to UID identified by the <replaceable>uname</replaceable>
and optional GID identified by <replaceable>gname</replaceable> when
proxy is up and running.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-w</option> <replaceable>sock_mode</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set access mode for the controlling UNIX-socket (if
used). Only applies if RTPproxy runs under a different
GID using <option>-u</option> option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-F</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
By default the RTPproxy will warn user if running as superuser (UID 0) in
local control mode and refuse to run in remote control mode at all.
This switch removes the check.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-i</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable independent timeout mode. By default, a timeout (which
results in automatic destruction of the session) can only occur
if no RTP packets are received on any of the session's ports. This
option if set varies that behaviour, such that a timeout will
occur if packets are still being received on one port but not
the other. The option should be used with caution since in some
cases it's perfectly fine to have packets coming from only one
side of conversation (i.e. when the second party has muted its
audio).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option> <replaceable>timeout_socket</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This parameter configures the optional timeout notification
socket. The socket should be created by another application,
preferably before starting rtpproxy. For those sessions where
the timeout mechanism is enabled, notifications are sent on
this socket if the session times out.
</para>
<para>
Format of <replaceable>timeout_socket</replaceable> is
<type>:<socket>. Following types are
supported:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>unix:</emphasis>Connect to UNIX
domain socket for sending timeout notifications. In
this mode B2BUA and RTPProxy must be running on the
same host.
</para>
<para>Example: -n unix:/var/run/rtpproxy_timeout.sock</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>tcp:</emphasis>Connect to a remote
host using TCP/IP for sending timeout notifications.
Format of the <replaceable>socket</replaceable>
parameter in this case is <host>:<port>.
</para>
<para>Example: -n tcp:10.20.30:12345</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
There is no default value, notifications are not sent and not
permitted unless a value is specified explicitly.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-P</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Record sessions using PCAP file format instead of non-standard
ad-hoc format. The PCAP format, which is the de-facto
standard for packet capturing software, has the advantage of
being compatible with numerous third-party tools and utilities,
such as Wireshark (Ethereal) for example. The drawback of PCAP
is sligtly larger overhead (extra 12 bytes for every saved RTP
packet for IPv4). Also, recording IPv6 sessions in PCAP format
is not supported at the moment.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-a</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Record all sessions going through the RTPproxy unconditionally.
By default the RTPproxy requires call control software (i.e.
SER, OpenSER or B2BUA) to enable recording explicitly on
per-session basis by sending appropriate record command.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-d</option> <replaceable>log_level<optional>:log_facility</optional></replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This parameter configures the verbosity level of the log output.
Possible <replaceable>log_level</replaceable> values in the order
from the most verboe to the least verbose are: DBUG, INFO, WARN,
ERR and CRIT.
</para>
<para>
The optional <replaceable>log_facility</replaceable> parameter
sets syslog(3) facility assigned to log messages.
</para>
<para>
Example: -d WARN:LOG_LOCAL5
</para>
<para>
The default level in foreground mode is is DBUG, in background -
WARN and facility is LOG_DAEMON.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>HowItWorks</title>
<para>
When SER receives an INVITE request, it extracts Call-ID from it
and communicates it to rtpproxy via Unix domain socket or
UDP. Rtproxy looks for an existing session with such Call-ID. If
the session exists it returns UDP port for that session, if not,
then it creates a new session, binds to a first empty UDP port from
the range specified at the compile time and returns number of that
port to a SER. After receiving reply from the proxy, SER replaces
media ip:port in the SDP to point to the proxy and forwards request
as usually.
</para>
<para>
When SER receives a non-negative SIP reply with SDP it again extracts
Call-ID from it and communicates it to the proxy. In this case the proxy
does not allocate a new session if it doesn't exist, but simply performs a
lookup among existing sessions and returns either a port number if the
session is found, or error code indicating that there is no session with
such id. After receiving positive reply from the proxy, SER replaces media
ip:port in the SIP reply to point to the proxy and forwards reply as
usually.
</para>
<para>
After the session has been created, the proxy listens on the port
it has allocated for that session and waits for receiving at least
one UDP packet from each of two parties participating in the
call. Once such packet is received, the proxy fills one of two
ip:port structures associated with each call with source ip:port of
that packet. When both structures are filled in, the proxy starts
relaying UDP packets between parties.
</para>
<para>
The proxy tracks idle time for each of existing sessions (i.e. the time
within which there were no packets relayed), and automatically cleans
up a sessions whose idle times exceed the value specified at compile
time (60 seconds by default).
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>FILES</title>
<para>
<filename>/usr/sbin/rtpproxy</filename>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>LICENSE</title>
<para>
This program is licensed under the BSD license. See
<filename>COPYING</filename> file in the rtpproxy sources for details.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>AVAILABILITY</title>
<para>
The latest version of this program can be found at
<ulink url="http://www.rtpproxy.org/">http://www.rtpproxy.org/</ulink>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>SEEALSO</title>
<para>ser(8).</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>