Standardize error reporting for definitions

[jayconrod]

Most compiler errors refer to a specific definition in source code. The location of the definition should be included in the exception if it is known, otherwise NoLoc should be used. The source name should be included if it is known, otherwise the full name should be used.

It doesn't make sense to have this logic in every place where we report an error. Instead, exception classes should have a static factory method to create an exception using a definition and a short message. The source name, name, and location can be taken directly from the definition.