Replace flake8 and isort with ruff linter and add black --check to linting step

[micahellison]

This PR:

• replaces flake8/flakeheaven with ruff
• replaces isort with ruff
• adds black --check to the linting step. Fixes Linting rules aren't enforced the same as format rules #1742.
• fixes line lengths of comments and long strings to comply with ruff's rules

While flakeheaven has worked out well for us, it is an order of magnitude slower than ruff on my machine. Moreover, ruff's configuration feels a lot simpler -- we don't have to install a bunch of packages for various rule sets.

FlakeHeaven was ignoring long lines with comments or strings, whereas ruff is a bit more strict. I reworded comments as necessary and broke long strings into multiple lines. In a couple instances, I added the noqa directive to ignore this rule on particular lines since I think they're already most readable in their current forms.

This should only affect developers, and developers shouldn't have to change anything in their process. Just keep running poe lint for linting checks and poe format to automatically sort imports and allow black to reformat code.

Checklist

• I have read the contributing doc.
• I have included a link to the relevant issue number.
• I have checked to ensure there aren't other open pull requests
  for the same issue.
• I have written new tests for these changes, as needed.

[wren]

🐩