feat(topology/algebra/open_subgroup): basics on open subgroups

src/algebra/pi_instances.lean

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Pi instances for algebraic structures.
 import order.basic
 import algebra.module algebra.group
 import data.finset
+import ring_theory.subring
 import tactic.pi_instances
 
 namespace pi
@@ -340,6 +341,27 @@ instance {r : ring α} [add_comm_group β] [add_comm_group γ]
 instance {r : discrete_field α} [add_comm_group β] [add_comm_group γ]
   [vector_space α β] [vector_space α γ] : vector_space α (β × γ) := {}
 
+section substructures
+variables (s : set α) (t : set β)
+
+@[to_additive prod.is_add_submonoid]
+instance [monoid α] [monoid β] [is_submonoid s] [is_submonoid t] :
+  is_submonoid (s.prod t) :=
+{ one_mem := by rw set.mem_prod; split; apply is_submonoid.one_mem,
+  mul_mem := by intros; rw set.mem_prod at *; split; apply is_submonoid.mul_mem; tauto }
+
+@[to_additive prod.is_add_subgroup]
+instance is_subgroup.prod [group α] [group β] [is_subgroup s] [is_subgroup t] :
+  is_subgroup (s.prod t) :=
+{ inv_mem := by intros; rw set.mem_prod at *; split; apply is_subgroup.inv_mem; tauto,
+  .. prod.is_submonoid s t }
+
+instance is_subring.prod [ring α] [ring β] [is_subring s] [is_subring t] :
+  is_subring (s.prod t) :=
+{ .. prod.is_submonoid s t, .. prod.is_add_subgroup s t }
+
+end substructures
+
 end prod
 
 namespace finset

src/topology/algebra/open_subgroup.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+import order.filter.lift
+import linear_algebra.basic
+import topology.opens topology.algebra.ring
+
+section
+open topological_space
+variables (G : Type*) [group G] [topological_space G] [topological_group G]
+
+/-- The type of open subgroups of a topological group. -/
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup]
+def open_subgroup := { U : set G // is_open U ∧ is_subgroup U }
+
+instance open_subgroup.has_coe :
+  has_coe (open_subgroup G) (opens G) := ⟨λ U, ⟨U.1, U.2.1⟩⟩
+end
+
+section
+open topological_space
+variables (G : Type*) [add_group G] [topological_space G] [topological_add_group G]
+
+instance open_add_subgroup.has_coe :
+  has_coe (open_add_subgroup G) (opens G) := ⟨λ U, ⟨U.1, U.2.1⟩⟩
+
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.has_coe] open_subgroup.has_coe
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.has_coe.equations._eqn_1] open_subgroup.has_coe.equations._eqn_1
+
+end
+
+namespace open_subgroup
+open function lattice topological_space
+variables {G : Type*} [group G] [topological_space G] [topological_group G]
+variables {U V : open_subgroup G}
+
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.has_mem]
+instance : has_mem G (open_subgroup G) := ⟨λ g U, g ∈ (U : set G)⟩
+
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.has_mem.equations._eqn_1] open_subgroup.has_mem.equations._eqn_1
+
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.ext]
+lemma ext : (U = V) ↔ ((U : set G) = V) :=
+by cases U; cases V; split; intro h; try {congr}; assumption
+
+@[extensionality, to_additive open_add_subgroup.ext']
+lemma ext' (h : (U : set G) = V) : (U = V) :=
+ext.mpr h
+
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.coe_injective]
+lemma coe_injective : injective (λ U : open_subgroup G, (U : set G)) :=
+λ U V h, ext' h
+
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.is_add_subgroup]
+instance : is_subgroup (U : set G) := U.2.2
+
+variable (U)
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.is_open]
+protected lemma is_open : is_open (U : set G) := U.2.1
+
+protected lemma one_mem : (1 : G) ∈ U := is_submonoid.one_mem (U : set G)
+
+protected lemma inv_mem {g : G} (h : g ∈ U) : g⁻¹ ∈ U :=
+  @is_subgroup.inv_mem G _ U _ g h
+
+protected lemma mul_mem {g₁ g₂ : G} (h₁ : g₁ ∈ U) (h₂ : g₂ ∈ U) : g₁ * g₂ ∈ U :=
+  @is_submonoid.mul_mem G _ U _ g₁ g₂ h₁ h₂
+
+lemma mem_nhds_one : (U : set G) ∈ nhds (1 : G) :=
+mem_nhds_sets U.is_open U.one_mem
+variable {U}
+
+instance : inhabited (open_subgroup G) :=
+{ default := ⟨set.univ, ⟨is_open_univ, by apply_instance⟩⟩ }
+
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.is_open_of_nonempty_open_subset]
+lemma is_open_of_nonempty_open_subset {s : set G} [is_subgroup s]
+  (h : ∃ U : opens G, nonempty U ∧ (U : set G) ⊆ s) :
+  is_open s :=
+begin
+  rw is_open_iff_forall_mem_open,
+  intros x hx,
+  rcases h with ⟨U, ⟨g, hg⟩, hU⟩,
+  use (λ y, y * (x⁻¹ * g)) ⁻¹' U,
+  split,
+  { intros u hu,
+    erw set.mem_preimage_eq at hu,
+    replace hu := hU hu,
+    replace hg := hU hg,
+    have : (x⁻¹ * g)⁻¹ ∈ s,
+    { simp [*, is_subgroup.inv_mem, is_submonoid.mul_mem], },
+    convert is_submonoid.mul_mem hu this, simp [mul_assoc] },
+  split,
+  { apply continuous_mul continuous_id continuous_const,
+    { exact U.property },
+    { apply_instance } },
+  { erw set.mem_preimage_eq,
+    convert hg,
+    rw [← mul_assoc, mul_right_inv, one_mul] }
+end
+
+-- @[to_additive open_add_subgroup.is_open_of_open_add_subgroup]
+lemma is_open_of_open_subgroup {s : set G} [is_subgroup s]
+  (h : ∃ U : open_subgroup G, (U : set G) ⊆ s) : is_open s :=
+is_open_of_nonempty_open_subset $ let ⟨U, hU⟩ := h in ⟨U, ⟨⟨1, U.one_mem⟩⟩, hU⟩
+
+
+@[to_additive open_add_subgroup.is_closed]
+lemma is_closed (U : open_subgroup G) : is_closed (U : set G) :=
+begin
+  show is_open (-(U : set G)),
+  rw is_open_iff_forall_mem_open,
+  intros x hx,
+  use (λ y, y * x⁻¹) ⁻¹' U,
+  split,
+  { intros u hux,
+    erw set.mem_preimage_eq at hux,
+    rw set.mem_compl_iff at hx ⊢,
+    intro hu, apply hx,
+    convert is_submonoid.mul_mem (is_subgroup.inv_mem hux) hu,
+    simp },
+  split,
+  { -- TODO(jmc): Use continuous_mul_right once #1065 has landed.
+    exact continuous_mul continuous_id continuous_const _ U.is_open },
+  { simpa using is_submonoid.one_mem (U : set G) }
+end
+
+section
+variables {H : Type*} [group H] [topological_space H] [topological_group H]
+
+def prod (U : open_subgroup G) (V : open_subgroup H) : open_subgroup (G × H) :=
+⟨(U : set G).prod (V : set H), is_open_prod U.is_open V.is_open, by apply_instance⟩
+
+end
+
+instance : partial_order (open_subgroup G) := partial_order.lift _ coe_injective (by apply_instance)
+
+instance : semilattice_inf_top (open_subgroup G) :=
+{ inf := λ U V, ⟨(U : set G) ∩ V, is_open_inter U.is_open V.is_open, by apply_instance⟩,
+  inf_le_left := λ U V, set.inter_subset_left _ _,
+  inf_le_right := λ U V, set.inter_subset_right _ _,
+  le_inf := λ U V W hV hW, set.subset_inter hV hW,
+  top := default _,
+  le_top := λ U, set.subset_univ _,
+  ..open_subgroup.partial_order }
+
+instance : semilattice_sup_top (open_subgroup G) :=
+{ sup := λ U V,
+  { val := group.closure ((U : set G) ∪ V),
+    property :=
+    begin
+      haveI subgrp := _, refine ⟨_, subgrp⟩,
+      { refine is_open_of_open_subgroup _,
+        exact ⟨U, set.subset.trans (set.subset_union_left _ _) group.subset_closure⟩ },
+      { apply_instance }
+    end },
+  le_sup_left := λ U V, set.subset.trans (set.subset_union_left _ _) group.subset_closure,
+  le_sup_right := λ U V, set.subset.trans (set.subset_union_right _ _) group.subset_closure,
+  sup_le := λ U V W hU hV, group.closure_subset $ set.union_subset hU hV,
+  ..open_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_inf_top }
+
+@[simp] lemma coe_inf : (↑(U ⊓ V) : set G) = (U : set G) ∩ V := rfl
+
+lemma le_iff : U ≤ V ↔ (U : set G) ⊆ V := iff.rfl
+
+end open_subgroup
+
+namespace open_add_subgroup
+open lattice
+variables {G : Type*} [add_group G] [topological_space G] [topological_add_group G]
+variables {U V : open_add_subgroup G}
+
+variable (U)
+
+protected lemma zero_mem : (0 : G) ∈ U := is_add_submonoid.zero_mem (U : set G)
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.zero_mem] open_subgroup.one_mem
+
+protected lemma neg_mem {g : G} (h : g ∈ U) : -g ∈ U :=
+  @is_add_subgroup.neg_mem G _ U _ g h
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.neg_mem] open_subgroup.inv_mem
+
+protected lemma add_mem {g₁ g₂ : G} (h₁ : g₁ ∈ U) (h₂ : g₂ ∈ U) : g₁ + g₂ ∈ U :=
+  @is_add_submonoid.add_mem G _ U _ g₁ g₂ h₁ h₂
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.add_mem] open_subgroup.mul_mem
+
+lemma mem_nhds_zero : (U : set G) ∈ nhds (0 : G) :=
+mem_nhds_sets U.is_open U.zero_mem
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.mem_nhds_zero] open_subgroup.mem_nhds_one
+
+variable {U}
+
+lemma is_open_of_open_add_subgroup {s : set G} [_root_.is_add_subgroup s]
+  (h : ∃ U : open_add_subgroup G, (U : set G) ⊆ s) : _root_.is_open s :=
+is_open_of_nonempty_open_subset $ let ⟨U, hU⟩ := h in ⟨U, ⟨⟨0, U.zero_mem⟩⟩, hU⟩
+
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.is_open_of_open_add_subgroup]
+open_subgroup.is_open_of_open_subgroup
+
+section
+variables {H : Type*} [add_group H] [topological_space H] [topological_add_group H]
+
+def prod (U : open_add_subgroup G) (V : open_add_subgroup H) : open_add_subgroup (G × H) :=
+⟨(U : set G).prod (V : set H), is_open_prod U.is_open V.is_open, by apply_instance⟩
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.prod] open_subgroup.prod
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.prod.equations._eqn_1] open_subgroup.prod.equations._eqn_1
+
+end
+
+instance : inhabited (open_add_subgroup G) :=
+{ default := ⟨set.univ, ⟨is_open_univ, by apply_instance⟩⟩ }
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.inhabited] open_subgroup.inhabited
+
+instance : partial_order (open_add_subgroup G) := partial_order.lift _ coe_injective (by apply_instance)
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.partial_order] open_subgroup.partial_order
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.partial_order.equations._eqn_1] open_subgroup.partial_order.equations._eqn_1
+
+instance : semilattice_inf_top (open_add_subgroup G) :=
+{ inf := λ U V, ⟨(U : set G) ∩ V, is_open_inter U.is_open V.is_open, by apply_instance⟩,
+  inf_le_left := λ U V, set.inter_subset_left _ _,
+  inf_le_right := λ U V, set.inter_subset_right _ _,
+  le_inf := λ U V W hV hW, set.subset_inter hV hW,
+  top := default _,
+  le_top := λ U, set.subset_univ _,
+  ..open_add_subgroup.partial_order }
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_inf_top] open_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_inf_top
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_inf_top.equations._eqn_1] open_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_inf_top.equations._eqn_1
+
+instance : semilattice_sup_top (open_add_subgroup G) :=
+{ sup := λ U V,
+  { val := add_group.closure ((U : set G) ∪ V),
+    property :=
+    begin
+      have subgrp := _, refine ⟨_, subgrp⟩,
+      { refine is_open_of_open_add_subgroup _,
+        exact ⟨U, set.subset.trans (set.subset_union_left _ _) add_group.subset_closure⟩ },
+      { apply_instance }
+    end },
+  le_sup_left := λ U V, set.subset.trans (set.subset_union_left _ _) group.subset_closure,
+  le_sup_right := λ U V, set.subset.trans (set.subset_union_right _ _) group.subset_closure,
+  sup_le := λ U V W hU hV, group.closure_subset $ set.union_subset hU hV,
+  ..open_add_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_inf_top }
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_sup_top] open_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_sup_top
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_sup_top.equations._eqn_1] open_subgroup.lattice.semilattice_sup_top.equations._eqn_1
+
+@[simp] lemma coe_inf : (↑(U ⊓ V) : set G) = (U : set G) ∩ V := rfl
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.coe_inf] open_subgroup.coe_inf
+
+lemma le_iff : U ≤ V ↔ (U : set G) ⊆ V := iff.rfl
+attribute [to_additive open_add_subgroup.le_iff] open_subgroup.le_iff
+
+end open_add_subgroup
+
+namespace submodule
+open open_add_subgroup
+variables {R : Type*} {M : Type*} [comm_ring R]
+variables [add_comm_group M] [topological_space M] [topological_add_group M] [module R M]
+
+lemma is_open_of_open_submodule {P : submodule R M}
+  (h : ∃ U : submodule R M, is_open (U : set M) ∧ U ≤ P) : is_open (P : set M) :=
+let ⟨U, h₁, h₂⟩ := h in is_open_of_open_add_subgroup ⟨⟨U, h₁, by apply_instance⟩, h₂⟩
+
+end submodule
+
+namespace ideal
+variables {R : Type*} [comm_ring R]
+variables [topological_space R] [topological_ring R]
+
+lemma is_open_of_open_subideal {I : ideal R}
+  (h : ∃ U : ideal R, is_open (U : set R) ∧ U ≤ I) : is_open (I : set R) :=
+submodule.is_open_of_open_submodule h
+
+end ideal