Single expectation test

[andreareginato]

Write your thoughts about the "single expectation test" best practice.

[sj26]

This can, however, be the bane of performant testing.

[josephlord]

I'm fairly new and inexperienced with Rspec and especially where there is some significant set up it can make it very slow. I have sometimes written as separate tests during TDD, got it working and then written a combined test to leave running in CI process/automatic testing and commented out the separate tests. If the combined test fails I can quickly activate the separate tests to find the exact issue.

[davearonson]

I sometimes use an assertion to verify that the conditions are right for the test to be valid. For instance, on one project, we had a very complicated set of fixtures, in several related models. There were about a dozen devs, so we were often stepping on each other's fixtures. When I tested a scope, I would usually do "it finds only those that fit" and "it omits only those that don't fit", by looping through the found or omitted records, and verifying that they fit or not. However, this tactic depends on there being ANY records that do or don't fit. So, I preceded the loop with a test that the set contained at least one record. One of our pull-request-approvers regularly made the perfect the enemy of the good, strictly enforcing "one assert per test", and rejected that style, so I made the existence-check a separate test, much slower. (To those who say putting the assertion in a loop was already a violation, yes I could have set a flag upon error and checked it at the end of the loop, but that cuts out a lot of clue about which record violated it. Yes, I could have initted something to nil and set it to the offending record's id on error, but still....)

[myronmarston]

I think this best practice, as written, is misleading and not helpful. Here's what I'd say instead:

• In isolated unit specs, you want each example to specify one (and only one) behavior. Multiple expectations in the same example are a signal that you may be specifying multiple behaviors.
• In tests that are not isolated (e.g. ones that integrate with a DB, an external webservice, or end-to-end-tests), you take a massive performance hit to do the same setup over and over again, just to set a different expectation in each test. In these sorts of slower tests, I think it's fine to specify more than one isolated behavior.

As in all things, software engineering is about tradeoffs, and this is no exception. It's bad to encourage cargo-cult thinking here.

[brycemcd]

+1 to @myronmarston

[thermistor]

+1 to @myronmarston

[coreyhaines]

One of the primary reasons for the "single assertion per test" is to provide easy and understandable traceability for what caused the failure, and keep multiple errors from mingling together and confusing this feedback.
While I do agree that single assertion tests are generally a good thing, I warn people to stay away from it as a guideline and instead focus on the goal: making test failures point directly to the cause of the error.

[jandudulski]

👍 to @myronmarston

[mike-burns]

Later you make the point that you should have custom matchers. That is actually a very pragmatic suggestion that accomplishes a similar goal to this suggestion.

[pelle]

+1 to @myronmarston

[larrylv]

+1 to @myronmarston

[rilian]

+1 to @myronmarston

[andreareginato]

Updated using the @myronmarston description.
Any correction and comment to the updated guideline is appreciated.

[uptrending]

GOOD (NOT ISOLATED) should say BAD (NOT ISOLATED)

[lucaspiller]

+1 to @myronmarston (I was going to say exactly that :D)

[alexandru-calinoiu]

Please consider updating this spec as assign_to matcher is no longer part of the latest version of shoulda. More details here http://robots.thoughtbot.com/post/47031676783/shoulda-matchers-2-0

[abuisman]

@uptrending

Why so? The text states that it should say 'GOOD', so why do you think it isn't? You could be right of course, but why?

[derick]

+1 @coreyhaines

[andreareginato]

Guys, if you think of any change, please send us a pull request with the update.

[dcorking]

Where,and in which versions, is the is_expected_to message defined? I can't find it in the rspec API docs. Is it meant to be locally defined by the user?

[myronmarston]

@dcorking -- is_expected is a new API in 2.99/3.0. It's documented in a couple places:

• https://relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-core/v/3-0/docs/subject/one-liner-syntax
• http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/MemoizedHelpers#is_expected-instance_method

[dcorking]

@andreareginato according to Myron's reply, the message is is_expected. How did you get is_expected_to (with 2 underscores) to work for you? (Is it a typo?)

[andreareginato]

Yep. It was a typo. Sorry for that. Now it's up and running with the needed corrections.

[telmofcosta]

subject { color }
it "is blue" do
  expect(subject.RGB.R).to be < 0.2
  expect(subject.RGB.G).to be < 0.2
  expect(subject.RGB.B).to be > 0.8
end

In this example, I just want to test that some action gives me the color blue. But the only way I have to test that it's blue is by its RBG components. If I don't break the single expectation test pattern, I loose the "why" I have this test. It is important for me that the reason I want this is that I want to make sure the color is some kind of blue.

What is wrong with this reasoning?

[myronmarston]

What is wrong with this reasoning?

Absolutely nothing. Your example is specifying one behavior, and that's what's important. The fact that it takes 3 expectations to do isn't particularly important.

That said, in RSpec 3.1+, you could use a single expectation:

expect(subject.RGB).to have_attributes(
  R: a_value < 0.2,
  G: a_value < 0.2,
  B: a_value > 0.8
)

[dayyan]

FYI the example method respond_with_content_type has been deprecated in RSpec 2.0.

[xaviershay]

While I do agree that single assertion tests are generally a good thing, I warn people to stay away from it as a guideline and instead focus on the goal: making test failures point directly to the cause of the error.

@coreyhaines would you agree that aggregate_failures (introduced in 3.3!) addresses this concern?

The "not isolated" example could be updated to include it:

it 'creates a resource', :aggregate_failures do
  expect(response).to respond_with_content_type(:json)
  expect(response).to assign_to(:resource)
end

Relevant docs: https://www.relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-expectations/v/3-3/docs/aggregating-failures

[aesyondu]

See also post about single-expecation-fetish:

People do this because they've heard that one should have only one expectation per example (which is mixed up with the valid rule that one should only test one method call per example)

[zameo94]

Hi, i have a question.
In this example:
it { is_expected.to eq(true) }
how can i test the .class ?
Something like that not work:
it { is_expected.class.to eq(true) }
Thank you

[akz92]

@zameo94 is_expected is essentially a shorthand for expect(subject) so I see two possible options for you:

1. Use a regular expect to get the subject's class:

it { expect(subject.class).to eq(Boolean) }

2. If you are going to write multiple expectations you could set the class as the subject and use the is_expected shorthand:

context "class assertions" do
  subject { object.class } # object being the object's whose class you want to test

  it { is_expected.to be(Boolean) }
end

[zameo94]

@akz92 thank you