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lhunath committed Apr 24, 2018
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 404.html
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Expand Up @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ <h1>Not found <span>:(</span></h1>
<script>
var GOOG_FIXURL_LANG = (navigator.language || '').slice(0,2),GOOG_FIXURL_SITE = location.host;
</script>
<script src="http://linkhelp.clients.google.com/tbproxy/lh/wm/fixurl.js"></script>
<script src="://linkhelp.clients.google.com/tbproxy/lh/wm/fixurl.js"></script>

<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions README.md
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
bash.academy
============
guide.bash.academy
==================

The http://bash.academy website
The https://guide.bash.academy website
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion _config.yml
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Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ email: lhunath@lyndir.com
description: >
A complete guide for newcomers and advanced users to correct usage and deep understanding of the bash shell language.
baseurl: ""
url: "http://guide.bash.academy"
url: "https://guide.bash.academy"
twitter_username: lhunath
github_username: lhunath

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion _includes/footer.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@

<footer>
<a href="http://lhunath.com">Maarten Billemont (lhunath)</a> — <a href="attributions.html">Attributions</a><br>
<a href="https://lhunath.com">Maarten Billemont (lhunath)</a> — <a href="attributions.html">Attributions</a><br>
{% if site.github_username %}
<a href="https://github.com/{{ site.github_username }}">
<span class="icon icon--github">
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions _layouts/default.html
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Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<body id="{{ page.id }}">

{% if page.editable or page.editable == null %}
<a class="page-edit fixed" href="http://prose.io/#lhunath/guide.bash.academy/edit/gh-pages/{{ page.path }}">[edit this page]</a>
<a class="page-edit fixed" href="https://prose.io/#lhunath/guide.bash.academy/edit/gh-pages/{{ page.path }}">[edit this page]</a>
{% endif %}

<header data-stellar-background-ratio="0.4">
Expand All @@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ <h3>{{ page.description }}</h3>
{% endif %}

{% if page.editable or page.editable == null %}
<a class="page-edit" href="http://prose.io/#lhunath/guide.bash.academy/edit/gh-pages/{{ page.path }}">[edit this page]</a>
<a class="page-edit" href="https://prose.io/#lhunath/guide.bash.academy/edit/gh-pages/{{ page.path }}">[edit this page]</a>
{% endif %}
</header>

<!--[if lt IE 7]>
<p class="chromeframe">You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a href="http://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> or <a href="http://www.google.com/chromeframe/?redirect=true">activate Google Chrome Frame</a> to improve your experience.</p>
<p class="chromeframe">You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a href="https://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> or <a href="https://www.google.com/chromeframe/?redirect=true">activate Google Chrome Frame</a> to improve your experience.</p>
<![endif]-->

{{ content }}
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion _sass/_layout.scss
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@import url('http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand:300,700|Maven+Pro:400,700|Varela+Round');
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand:300,700|Maven+Pro:400,700|Varela+Round');
@font-face {
font-family: 'Source Code Pro Light';
src: url('../fnt/sourcecodepro-light.eot');
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion attributions.html
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Expand Up @@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ <h1>Attributions</h1>
<p>Thanks to these great artists for providing their works under permissive licenses so that other artists like I can build on their shoulders and do great things in turn:</p>
<dl>
<dt><img src="img/hard-drive.svg"></dt>
<dd><a href="http://thenounproject.com/term/hard-drive/38070/">http://thenounproject.com/term/hard-drive/38070/</a>
<dd><a href="://thenounproject.com/term/hard-drive/38070/">thenounproject.com/term/hard-drive/38070/</a>
</dl>
34 changes: 17 additions & 17 deletions expansions.html
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Expand Up @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><kbd>url='http://guide.bash.academy/variables.html'</kbd></th>
<th colspan="3"><kbd>url='https://guide.bash.academy/variables.html'</kbd></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tr>
Expand All @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url#<mark>*/</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td rowspan="2">
<pre><mark>http:/</mark>/guide.bash.academy/variables.html
<pre><mark>https:/</mark>/guide.bash.academy/variables.html
↓
/guide.bash.academy/variables.html</pre>
</td>
Expand All @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url##<mark>*/</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td rowspan="2">
<pre><mark>http://guide.bash.academy/</mark>variables.html
<pre><mark>https://guide.bash.academy/</mark>variables.html
↓
variables.html</pre>
</td>
Expand All @@ -411,9 +411,9 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url%<mark>/*</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http://guide.bash.academy<mark>/variables.html</mark>
<pre>https://guide.bash.academy<mark>/variables.html</mark>
↓
http://guide.bash.academy</pre>
https://guide.bash.academy</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
Expand All @@ -425,9 +425,9 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url%%<mark>/*</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http:<mark>//guide.bash.academy/variables.html</mark>
<pre>https:<mark>//guide.bash.academy/variables.html</mark>
↓
http:</pre>
https:</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
Expand All @@ -439,9 +439,9 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url/<mark>.</mark>/<mark>-</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http://guide<mark>.</mark>bash.academy/variables.html
<pre>https://guide<mark>.</mark>bash.academy/variables.html
↓
http://guide-bash.academy/variables.html</pre>
https://guide-bash.academy/variables.html</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
Expand All @@ -453,9 +453,9 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url//<mark>.</mark>/<mark>-</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http://guide<mark>.</mark>bash<mark>.</mark>academy/variables<mark>.</mark>html
<pre>https://guide<mark>.</mark>bash<mark>.</mark>academy/variables<mark>.</mark>html
↓
http://guide-bash-academy/variables-html</pre>
https://guide-bash-academy/variables-html</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
Expand All @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url/#<mark>*:</mark>/<mark>https:</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre><mark>http:</mark>//guide.bash.academy/variables.html
<pre><mark>https:</mark>//guide.bash.academy/variables.html
↓
https://guide.bash.academy/variables.html</pre>
</td>
Expand All @@ -481,9 +481,9 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url/%<mark>.html</mark>/<mark>.jpg</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http://guide.bash.academy/variables<mark>.html</mark>
<pre>https://guide.bash.academy/variables<mark>.html</mark>
↓
http://guide.bash.academy/variables.jpg</pre>
https://guide.bash.academy/variables.jpg</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
Expand All @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${#url}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http://guide.bash.academy/variables.html
<pre>https://guide.bash.academy/variables.html
↓
40</pre>
</td>
Expand All @@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
</th>
<td><kbd>"${url:<mark>7</mark>}"</kbd></td>
<td>
<pre>http://<mark>guide.bash.academy/variables.html</mark>
<pre>https://<mark>guide.bash.academy/variables.html</mark>
↓
guide.bash.academy/variables.html</pre>
</td>
Expand All @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ <h3>Parameter Expansion</h3>
<td>
<pre><mark>htt</mark>p://guide.bas<mark>h</mark>.academy/variables.<mark>ht</mark>ml
↓
HTTp://guide.basH.academy/variables.HTml</pre>
HTTps://guide.basH.academy/variables.HTml</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions inception.html
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Expand Up @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ <h1>Where do I find bash and how is it used?</h1>
<h2>Where do I find bash? How do I start using it?</h2>

<p>Assuming that your operating system came with bash installed, you'll find bash as a simple executable program located in one of your system's standard binary directories. A binary is an executable program that contains "binary code" which is executed directly by the system's kernel. If you're running a system that does not ship with bash pre-installed, such as FreeBSD or Windows, you'll need to either use a distribution platform to download and install it, or obtain bash's source code and build the binary yourself. FreeBSD users can use <code>ports</code>, Windows users can use
<code>cygwin</code>, but there are alternative distributions. The source code is available from <a href="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/">GNU.org</a>. If all else fails, employ the powers of the Internet to find a means of installing bash before you continue.</p>
<code>cygwin</code>, but there are alternative distributions. The source code is available from <a href="https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/">GNU.org</a>. If all else fails, employ the powers of the Internet to find a means of installing bash before you continue.</p>

<aside>
<p>If you would prefer to experiment with the bash shell on a remote computer or cannot currently install a bash shell on your own device, you might be interested in a remote shell service such as <a href="https://sdf.org/">The Super Dimension Fortress (SDF)</a>.</p>
Expand All @@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ <h2>Where do I find bash? How do I start using it?</h2>
<p>Apart from the source of the commands bash executes, these two modes of operation are very similar. For now, suffice it to say that if bash is asking you for a command to run, you're in <dfn>interactive mode</dfn>. If it's running commands stored in a file, it's running a script in <dfn>non-interactive mode</dfn>.</p>

<p>Also recall that the bash program generally runs in a text-based interface. It has no graphical interface for you to interact with, which means that if you're currently in a graphical interface, you'll first need to open a text-based interface before you can perform any meaningful interaction with the bash program. The standard way of opening a text-based interface involves opening a <dfn>terminal</dfn>. In the old days, terminals were the hardware devices we used to
connect to a computer and interact with it. Nowadays, most terminals are "emulated". That is to say, they are programs on your computer, either graphical or textual, that "emulate" a real terminal in software and create a textual interface for you to use. There is a wide variety of terminal emulators, and the ones available to you vary depending on what system you're on. Linux and *BSD users might use <a href="http://rxvt.sourceforge.net/">rxvt</a>, <a
href="http://invisible-island.net/xterm/">xterm</a>, <a href="https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-terminal/stable/">gnome-terminal</a> or <a href="http://konsole.kde.org/">konsole</a>. OS X users might use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(OS_X)">Terminal</a> or <a href="http://www.iterm2.com/#/section/home">iTerm 2</a>. Windows users can use programs such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_Prompt">cmd.exe</a>, <a
href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/console/">Console 2</a> and <a href="https://code.google.com/p/mintty/">mintty</a>. There are many alternatives for each operating system. Find one you like and read on as soon as it's installed and you're ready to start it.</a>
connect to a computer and interact with it. Nowadays, most terminals are "emulated". That is to say, they are programs on your computer, either graphical or textual, that "emulate" a real terminal in software and create a textual interface for you to use. There is a wide variety of terminal emulators, and the ones available to you vary depending on what system you're on. Linux and *BSD users might use <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/rxvt">rxvt</a>, <a
href="https://invisible-island.net/xterm/">xterm</a>, <a href="https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-terminal/stable/">gnome-terminal</a> or <a href="https://konsole.kde.org/">konsole</a>. OS X users might use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(OS_X)">Terminal</a> or <a href="https://www.iterm2.com/#/section/home">iTerm 2</a>. Windows users can use programs such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_Prompt">cmd.exe</a>, <a
href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/console/">Console 2</a> and <a href="https://code.google.com/p/mintty/">mintty</a>. There are many alternatives for each operating system. Find one you like and read on as soon as it's installed and you're ready to start it.</a>

<p>Let's start bash!<br>
First, make sure you're in a text-based interface by opening your terminal or terminal emulator program. Once you're in a text-based interface, you'll need to find a way to run programs. Just like graphical interfaces can vary greatly in how you start programs with them, as can text-based interfaces. Luckily, however, most terminals are configured to start a shell program as soon as it's ready. Remember how bash is a shell program? Chances are, your terminal will start with
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions index.html
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Expand Up @@ -12,16 +12,16 @@
<p>This guide has gone through several iterations and is the result of a severe lack of consistent, clear and reliable language on the topic on the rest of the Internet as well as the public library or book stores.</p>

<h2>Authorship</h2>
<p>The primary author and maintainer of this guide is <a href="http://www.lhunath.com">lhunath (Maarten Billemont)</a>.</p>
<p>This guide is open source, licensed under <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a> (CC-BY-SA). The source code is available at <a href="https://github.com/lhunath/guide.bash.academy">GitHub</a>. Go there to report issues or fork the guide to contribute changes (big or small). To keep up to date with new chapters or improvements to this guide, you could star the GitHub project.</p>
<p>The primary author and maintainer of this guide is <a href="https://www.lhunath.com">lhunath (Maarten Billemont)</a>.</p>
<p>This guide is open source, licensed under <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a> (CC-BY-SA). The source code is available at <a href="https://github.com/lhunath/guide.bash.academy">GitHub</a>. Go there to report issues or fork the guide to contribute changes (big or small). To keep up to date with new chapters or improvements to this guide, you could star the GitHub project.</p>
<p>For advice, comments, suggestions, corrections or recommendations, contact lhunath, <a href="https://github.com/lhunath/guide.bash.academy/issues">file an issue</a> or visit <a href="irc://freenode.org/#bash">the freenode.org #bash community on IRC</a>.
<p>This guide is an active work in progress. New chapters are being written and existing chapters are continuously being updated and improved.</p>
<p>Using this guide, I am sharing my knowledge and expertise with the world freely in the hopes of benefitting you and all others like you. If you've benefitted from the knowledge and experience gained through this guide, consider "giving back" to encourage a society of open access and freedom of information. You can give back by providing feedback on the guide at the GitHub project page, making corrections by hitting the <em>edit</em> buttons on the chapter pages, sharing this
guide with any of your friends that have similar interests so that they too may learn as you have, or contributing financially in gratitude for my work, time and effort put into writing and maintaining this guide.</p>

{% include contribute.html %}

<p><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a></p>
<p><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a></p>

<h2>Exercises</h2>
<p>After introducing new practical concepts, the guide offers a set of exercises to allow you to practice your new knowledge. For a summary of all exercises in this guide, see <a href="exercises">our exercises index</a>.</p>
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