dul-sp-en.rdf

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#"
     xml:base="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xmlns:ns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
     xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Agradecimiento: a María Poveda-Villalón por la generación de la documentación en HTML.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Acknowledgement: María Poveda-Villalón by the generation of the HTML documentation.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The DOLCE+DnS Ultralite ontology.
It is a simplification of some parts of the DOLCE Lite-Plus library (cf. https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/WNET/DLP3941_daml.html). 
Main aspects in which DOLCE+DnS Ultralite departs from DOLCE Lite-Plus are the following:

- The names of classes and relations have been made more intuitive
- The DnS-related part is closer to the newer &apos;constructive DnS&apos; ontology (http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/cDnS.owl).
- Temporal and spatial relations are simplified
- Qualities and regions are more relaxed than in DOLCE-Full: they can be used as attributes of any entity, although two axioms state that each quality has a region and viceversa
- Axiomatization makes use of simpler constructs than DOLCE Lite-Plus
- The architecture of the ontology is pattern-based, which means that DOLCE+DnS Ultralite is also available in modules, called &apos;content ontology design patterns&apos;, which can be applied independently in the design of domain ontologies (cf. http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org).  If many modules are needed in a same ontology project, it is anyway useful to use this integrated version.

The final result is a lightweight, easy-to-apply foundational ontology for modeling either physical or social contexts.
Several extensions of DOLCE+DnS Ultralite have been designed; see for example the extensions for information objects: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl, 
for systems: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/SystemsLite.owl, 
for plans: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/PlansLite.owl, 
and for the lexical and semiotic domains: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/lmm/LMM_L2.owl, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La ontología DOLCE+DnS Ultralite.

Es una simplificación de algunas partes de la biblioteca DOLCE Lite-Plus (cf. https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/WNET/DLP3941_daml.html).

Los principales aspectos en los cuales DOLCE+DnS Ultralite se diferencia de DOLCE Lite-Plus son los siguientes:

- Los nombres de las clases y de las relaciones se han hecho más intuitivos.
- La parte relacionada con DnS es más cercana a la ontología constructiva DnS más nueva (http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/cDnS.owl).
- Las relaciones temporales y espaciales se han simplificado.
- Las cualidades y las regiones son ahora más relajadas que en DOLCE-Full: ahora se pueden utilizar como atributos de cualquier entidad, aunque hay dos axiomas que establecen que cada cualidad tiene una región y viceversa.
- La axiomatización hace uso de contructos más simples que los de DOLCE Lite-Plus.
- La arquitectura de la ontología está basada en patrones, llamados patrones de contenido de diseño de ontologías, que pueden ser aplicados independientemente en el diseño de ontologías de dominio (cf. http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org). Esto significa que DOLCE+DnS Ultralite también está disponible por módulos, Si se necesitan muchos módulos en un mismo proyecto de ontologías, es, en cualquier caso, útil utilizar esta versión integrada.

El resultado final es una ontología general, ligera y fácil de aplicar tanto para contextos físicos como sociales.

Se han diseñado varias extensiones de DOLCE+DnS Ultralite; véase, por ejemplo, la extensión para objetos de información: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl,para sistemas: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/SystemsLite.owl,  para planes: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/PlansLite.owl,, y para el dominio léxico y semiótico: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/lmm/LMM_L2.owl, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <owl:versionInfo xml:lang="es">Created by Aldo Gangemi as both a simplification and extension of DOLCE and Descriptions and Situations ontologies.

The translation into Spanish has been carried out by Mariano Fernández-López</owl:versionInfo>
        <dc:title xml:lang="en">The ontology DOLCE+DnS Ultralite</dc:title>
        <terms:license rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/rdflicense/cc-by4.0"/>
        <owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">4.0</owl:versionInfo>
        <owl:versionInfo xml:lang="es">En 3.2, los enlaces entre las instancias de ‘región’ o ‘parámetro’ y sus tipos de datos han sido revisados y hecho más potentes, con el propósito de respaldar patrones de diseño para valores de datos que se modelan en OWL 1.0.
También, los nombres de las propiedades relacionadas han sido cambiados para hacerlos más intuitivos. Asimismo, se ha añadido un campo de comentario de gran tamaño a la propiedad de objeto ‘expresa’, con el propósito de clarificar algunas cuestiones sobre sus muchas interpretaciones.

En 3.3, se ha mejorado la relación entre regiones, parámetros, y tipos de datos.

En 3.5, se han refactorizado las clases relacionadas con personas: ‘persona’ en 3.4 es ahora ‘persona social’, para evitar la confusión con la intuición de sentido común; ‘persona’ es ahora la unión de personas sociales y humanos, siendo, por tanto, subclase de ‘agente’.

En 3.6, se han realizado otras correcciones sobre la restricción universal que involucra ‘expresa’. También se ha añadido la propiedad ‘es restricción de’ entre parámetros y entidades. Se han movido propiedades ‘asume’ y ‘adopta’ a un nuevo módulo:  http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/Conceptualization.owl.

En 3,7, se han corregido algunos nombres de clases y propiedades relacionados con ‘entidad formal’; se ha creado un nuevo módulo separado para restricciones universales generales (DULGCI.owl).

En 3.8, se han realizado más correcciones en la interfaz con las entidades formales y los enlaces a IOLite.owl.

En 3.9, se han corregido algunos nombres y comentarios.

En 3.10, se ha eliminado la restricción de cardinalidad de ‘tiene parte’ y ‘es parte de’, para que haya compatibilidad con OWL(DL). Además, éstas relaciones se han cambiado a ‘tiene componente’ y ‘es componente de’. También se ha aumentado el rango de ‘incluye agente’ para contener tanto agentes físicos como sociales, y de la restricción universal de ‘conceptualiza’ sobre ‘agentes’, para incluir todos los objetos sociales.

En 3.11, se ha introducido algún axioma más subpropiedad, y todos los elementos tienen etiqueta en inglés.

En 3.12, se han añadido clases para establecer correspondencias con algunas clases antiguas que habían sido utilizadas para el alineamiento con OntoWordNet.

En 3.13, se ha añadido la clase ‘concepto local’ para expresar un concepto que no se puede utilizar en una ‘descripción’ diferente de la que lo define. También se han actualizado algunos comentarios.

En 3.14, se han añadido algunos comentarios.

En 3.15, se han eliminado algunos axiomas  owl:disjointWith que relacionan ‘colección’ con ‘objeto de información’, ‘descripción’, ‘situación’, y ‘agente social’. La razón para hacer esto ha sido permitir restricciones menos estrictas sobre las relaciones de dominio que involucran colecciones que se puede concebir como descripciones, situaciones, agentes sociales, u objetos de información; por ejemplo: una colección de oraciones de un texto (un objeto de información) que están ordenadas  según un criterio de relevancia que se puede considerar todavía un texto.

En 3.16, el nombre de ‘es actuado por’ se ha cambiado por ‘actúa a través de’, que es más claro. También se ha añadido ‘región espacio temporal’ constituida por ‘región espacial’ e ‘intervalo de tiempo’.

En 3.17, se han eliminado los axiomas universales redundantes de ‘entidad’ y otras clases generales. Se han corregido, asimismo, restricciones sobre la clase ‘sustancia funcional’, así como los comentarios en las clases ‘diseño’ y ‘sustancia’.

En 3.18, se ha eliminado el axioma subClassOf entre ‘sustancia funcional’ y ‘artefacto diseñado’, se ha creado una nueva sublcase de ‘sustancia funcional’, llamada ‘sustancia diseñada’, y se ha creado un axioma subClassOf entre ‘sustancia diseñada’ y ‘artefacto diseñado’.

En 3.19, se ha eliminado el axioma de disyunción entre ‘concepto’ y ‘colección&apos; (por la misma razón que se ha explicado en la versión 3.15).

En 3.20, se ha revisado el comentario de ‘cualidad’, se ha añadido ‘entidad de información’ como superclase de ‘objeto de información’ y ‘materialización de información’ (representada como la unión de estas clases). Esto es necesario en muchas ontologías de dominio que no necesitan distinguir entre los aspectos concretos y abstractos de las entidades de información. Una posible revisión (no implementada aquí) sería introducir las relaciones: ‘expresa’ y ‘es sobre’ con un dominio más amplio: ‘entidad de información’, y dos propiedades más específicas: ‘expresa abstractamente’ y ‘es abstractamente sobre’. Esta última versión no ha sido implementada todavía, puesto que un habría que llevarse a cabo un largo proceso de revisión para comprobar el impacto de la revisión sobre los plugins de  DOLCE-DnS-Ultralite existentes.

En 3.21, se ha añadido un comentario a ‘entidad de información’, y se ha optimizado la representación de la equivalencia de ‘realización de información’.

En 3.22., se ha añadido un comentario a ‘personificación’.

En 3.23, se ha añadido la propiedad de objeto ‘asociado con’, y se han puesto todas las propiedades de objeto como subpropiedades suyas.

En 3.24, se ha eliminado la propiedad de tipo de datos ‘tiene proxy’.

En 3.25, se ha generalizado el dominio y el rango de ‘tiene componente’ y ‘es componente de’.

En 3.26, se han actualizado algunos comentarios para clarificar o ejemplificar los conceptos.

En 3.27, se ha añadido la anotación  rdfs:isDefinedBy para navegadores de datos enlazados.

En 3.28, se ha ampliado el universo de pre-/pos-condiciones para dar cabida a eventos y estados.

En 3.29, se han añadido algunas propiedades para proporcionar soporte al alineamiento de Dbpedia:   ‘el mismo escenario que’ (circunstancial análogo a coparticipación), incluyendo relaciones de proveniencia, por ejemplo, de parentesco compartido, propiedad, o relaciones en que se juega algún papel.

En 3.30, se han completado algunos dominios y rangos (anteriormente, owl:Thing, now dul:Entity), y se ha añadido el axioma ‘organismo’ subClassOf ‘agente físico’.

En 3.31, se ha añadido una restricción a ‘cualidad’ y otra a ‘región’ para asegurar que la restricción original de DOLCE de cualidades está siempre asociada con una región, y viceversa. Estos axiomas no excluyen, sin embargo, una aplicabilidad directa de cualidades o regiones obre cualquier otra entidad.

En 3.4, el módulo principal de la ontología se ha traducido al español.</owl:versionInfo>
        <dc:title xml:lang="es">La ontología DOLCE+DnS Ultralite</dc:title>
        <terms:creator xml:lang="es">Aldo Gangemi</terms:creator>
        <terms:contributor xml:lang="es">Mariano Fernández-López (traducción al español)</terms:contributor>
        <owl:versionInfo xml:lang="en">In 3.2, the links between instances of Region or Parameter, and datatypes have been revised and made more powerful, in order to support efficient design patterns for data value modelling in OWL1.0.
Also, the names of the related properties have been changed in order to make them more intuitive.
Furthermore, a large comment field has been added to the &apos;expresses&apos; object property, in order to clarify some issues about the many interpretations.
In 3.3, the relation between regions, parameters, and datatypes has been still improved.
In 3.5, the person-related classes have been refactored: Person in 3.4 is now SocialPerson, to avoid confusion with commonsense intuition; Person is now the union of social persons and humans, therefore being a subclass of Agent.
In 3.6, other fixes on universal restriction involving expresses. Also added the property &apos;isConstraintFor&apos; between parameters and entities. Moved the properties: &apos;assumes&apos; and &apos;adopts&apos; to the new module: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/Conceptualization.owl.
In 3.7, some fixes on the names of classes and properties related to FormalEntity; created a new separate module for general universal restrictions (DULGCI.owl).
In 3.8, more fixes on the interface to formal entities and links to IOLite.owl.
In 3.9, some naming and comment fixes.
In 3.10, removed cardinality restriction from hasPart and isPartOf restrictions (changed to hasComponent and isComponentOf), for OWL(DL) compatibility. Also enlarged the range of includesAgent to contain both social and physical agents, and of conceptualizes universal restriction on agents, to include all social objects.
In 3.11, some more subproperty axioms have been introduced, and all elements have got English labels.
In 3.12, added some classes to map some old DolceLitePlus classes that were used to align OntoWordNet.
In 3.13, added the LocalConcept class to express a Concept that cannot be used in a Description different from the one that defines it. Also updated some comments.
In 3.14, added some comments.
In 3.15, removed some owl:disjointWith axioms relating Collection to InformationObject, Description, Situation, and SocialAgent. The rationale for doing that is to allow less strict constraints on domain relations involving collections that can be also conceived as descriptions, situations, social agents, or information objects; for example: a collection of sentences from a text (an information object) that are ranked with a relevance criterion can be still considered a text.
In 3.16, name of isActedBy changed to actsThrough, which is clearer. Also added SpatioTemporalRegion as constituted by a SpaceRegion and a TimeInterval.
In 3.17, removed redundant universal axioms from Entity and other top classes. Fixed restrictions on FunctionalSubstance class, and comments in Design and Substance classes.
In 3.18, removed subClassOf axiom from FunctionalSubstance to DesignedArtifact, created a new subclass of FunctionalSubstance, called DesignedSubstance, and created a subClassOf axiom from DesignedSubstance to DesignedArtifact.
In 3.19, removed disjointness axiom between Concept and Collection (the same rationale applies as in 3.15 version.
In 3.20, revised the comment for Quality, added InformationEntity as the superclass for InformationObject and InformationRealization (represented as the union of those classes). This is needed in many domain ontologies that do not need to distinguish between abstract and concrete aspects of information entities. One possible revision (not implemented here) would be to introduce the relations: expresses and isAbout with a broader domain:InformationEntity, and two more specific properties: abstractlyExpresses and isAbstractlyAbout. This last revision has not been implemented yet, since a large revision procedure should be carried out in order to check the impact of the revision on the existing DOLCE-DnS-Ultralite plugins.
In 3.21, added comment to InformationEntity, and optimized representation of equivalence for InformationRealization.
In 3.22, added comment to Personification.
In 3.23, added associatedWith object property, and put all object properties as subproperties of it.
In 3.24, removed hasProxy datatype property.
In 3.25, generalized domain and range of hasComponent and isComponentOf.
In 3.26, updated some comments in order to clarify or exemplify the concepts.
In 3.27, added rdfs:isDefinedBy annotations for Linked Data browsers.
In 3.28, broadened the universe of pre-/post-conditions to give room to events and states.
In 3.29, added some properties to support DBpedia alignment: sameSettingAs (situational analogous to coparticipation), including relations originating e.g. from sharing kinship, ownership, or roleplaying situations.
In 3.30, completed some domains and ranges (formerly owl:Thing, now dul:Entity), and added axiom: Organism subClassOf PhysicalAgent.
In 3.31, added a restriction to Quality and one to Region in order to ensure the original DOLCE constraint of qualities being always associated with a region, and vice versa. These axioms do not however exclude a direct applicability of qualities or regions to any other entity.
In 3.4 the main module of the ontology has been translated into Spanish.</owl:versionInfo>
    </owl:Ontology>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Annotation properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://creativecommons.org/ns#license -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/ns#license"/>
    


    <!-- http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title"/>
    


    <!-- http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor"/>
    


    <!-- http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo -->

    <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo"/>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Datatypes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date -->

    <rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"/>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Object Properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsFor -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsFor">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación que tiene lugar entre cualquier ‘agente’ y un ‘agente social’. En principio, un ‘agente social’ requiere al menos un ‘agente físico’ para actuar, pero esta dependencia puede ser delegada, así, por ejemplo, un departamento puede actuar para una universidad y, a su vez, un agente físico puede actuar para el departamento.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation holding between any Agent, and a SocialAgent. In principle, a SocialAgent requires at least one PhysicalAgent in order to act, but this dependency can be &apos;delegated&apos;; e.g. a university can be acted for by a department, which on its turm is acted for by physical agents.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">acts for</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">actúa para</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">agisce per</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación inversa de &apos;actúa para&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation holding between a PhysicalAgent and a SocialAgent. In principle, a SocialAgent requires at least one PhysicalAgent in order to act, but this dependency can be &apos;delegated&apos;, e.g. a university can be acted for by a department, which is acted for by physical agents. AKA isActedBy</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">acts through</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">actúa a través de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">agisce mediante</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith">
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A catch-all object property, useful for alignment and querying purposes.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una propiedad de objeto multifunción, útil para fines de alineación y consulta.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">asociado con</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label>associatedWith</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#characterizes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#characterizes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isCharacterizedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between concepts and collections, where a Concept is said to characterize a Collection; it corresponds to a link between the (reified) intensional and extensional interpretations of a _proper subset of_ a (reified) class. This is different from covers, because it refers to an interpretation the entire reified class.
E.g. the collection of vintage saxophones is characterized by the Concept &apos;manufactured by hand&apos;, while it gets covered by the Concept &apos;Saxophone&apos; with the Parameter &apos;Vintage&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre conceptos y colecciones, donde un ‘concepto’ se dice que caracteriza una ‘colección’. Corresponde a un enlace entre representaciones extensionales e intensionales (reificadas) de un_subconjunto_propio_de_una clase (reificada). Es diferente de ‘cubre’, porque se refiere a una interpretación de la clase entera reificada. Por ejemplo, la colección de saxofones de época está caracterizada por el ‘concepto’ Hecho a Mano, mientras que está cubierta por el ‘concepto’ Saxofón, con el parámetro De Época.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">caracteriza</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">caratterizza</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">characterizes</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Concept and an Entity, e.g. the Role &apos;student&apos; classifies a Person &apos;John&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un ‘concepto’ y una ‘entidad’, por ejemplo, el ‘papel’ estudiante clasifica una persona.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">clasifica</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">classifica</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">classifies</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#conceptualizes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#conceptualizes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptualizedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation stating that an Agent is internally representing a SocialObject: situations, descriptions, concepts, etc. E.g., &apos;John believes in the conspiracy theory&apos;; &apos;Niels Bohr created the solar-system metaphor for the atomic theory&apos;; &apos;Jacques assumes all swans are white&apos;; &apos;the task force members share the attack plan&apos;.
Conceptualizations can be distinguished into different forms, primarily based on the type of SocialObject that is conceptualized. Descriptions and concepts can be &apos;assumed&apos;, situations can be &apos;believed&apos; or &apos;known&apos;, plans can be &apos;adopted&apos;, etc. (see ontology: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/Conceptualization.owl.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación que establece que un ‘agente’ está representando internamente un ‘objeto social’: situaciones, descripciones, conceptos, etc. Por ejemplo, “John cree en la teoría de la conspiración”; “Niels Bohr creó la metáfora del sistema solar para la teoría atómica”; “Diego asume que los cisnes son blancos”; “los miembros del cuerpo especial comparten el plan de ataque”. Se pueden distinguir las conceptualizaciones de diferentes maneras, primariamente basadas en el tipo de ‘objeto social’ que es conceptualizado. Las descripciones y los conceptos pueden ser “asumidos”; las situaciones pueden ser “creíadas” o “conocidas”, los planes puede ser “adoptados”, etc. (Véase la ontología  http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/Conceptualization.owl).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">conceptualiza</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">conceptualizes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">concettualizza</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#concretelyExpresses -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#concretelyExpresses">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConcretelyExpressedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an InformationRealization and a Description, e.g. &apos;the printout of the Italian Constitution concretelyExpresses the Italian Constitution&apos;. It should be supplied also with a rule stating that the InformationRealization realizes an InformationObject that expresses the Description</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una ‘realización de información’ y una ‘descripción’, por ejemplo, la Constitución Española impresa ‘concretamente expresa’ la Constitución Española. Se debería proporcionar también una regla que estableciera que una ‘realización de información’ realiza un ‘objeto de información’ que expresa la ‘descripción’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">concretely expresses</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">esprime concretamente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">expresa concretamente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#coparticipatesWith -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#coparticipatesWith">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#coparticipatesWith"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between two objects participating in a same Event; e.g., &apos;Vitas and Jimmy are playing tennis&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre dos objetos que participan en el mismo ‘evento’; por ejemplo, “Carlos y Juan están jugando al tenis”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">co-participa con</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">co-participates with</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">copartecipa con</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#covers -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#covers">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isCoveredBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between concepts and collections, where a Concept is said to cover a Collection; it corresponds to a link between the (reified) intensional and extensional interpretations of a (reified) class.
E.g. the collection of vintage saxophones is covered by the Concept &apos;Saxophone&apos; with the Parameter &apos;Vintage&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre conceptos y colecciones, donde un ‘concepto’ se dice que cubre una colección; se corresponde con un enlace entre las interpretaciones extensional e intensional (reificada) de una clase (reificada). Por ejemplo, la colección de saxofones de época está cubierta por el ‘concepto’ Saxofón con el parámetro De Época.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">covers</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">cubre</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ricopre</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#usesConcept"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Description and a Concept, e.g. a Workflow for a governmental Organization defines the Role &apos;officer&apos;, or &apos;the Italian Traffic Law defines the role Vehicle&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una ‘descripción’ y un ‘concepto’, por ejemplo, un ‘flujo de trabajo’ para una ‘organización’ gubernamental define el papel “policía”, o la Ley de Tráfico de España define el papel Vehículo.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">define</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">defines</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">definisce</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#definesRole -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#definesRole">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRoleDefinedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a description and a role, e.g. the recipe for a cake defines the role &apos;ingredient&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una descripción y un papel, por ejemplo, la receta para un pastel define el papel “ingrediente”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">define papel</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">defines role</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">definisce il ruolo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#definesTask -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#definesTask">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskDefinedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a description and a task, e.g. the recipe for a cake defines the task &apos;boil&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una descripción y una tarea, por ejemplo, la receta para un pastel define la tarea.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">define tarea</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">defines task</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">definisce il task</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#describes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#describes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDescribedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation between a Description and an Entity : a Description gives a unity to a Collection of parts (the components), or constituents, by assigning a Role to each of them in the context of a whole Object (the system).
A same Entity can be given different descriptions, for example, an old cradle can be given a unifying Description based on the original aesthetic design, the functionality it was built for, or a new aesthetic functionality in which it can be used as a flower pot.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una ‘descripción’ y una ‘entidad’: una ‘descripción’ proporciona unidad a una ‘colección’ de partes (los componentes), o constituyentes, asignando un papel a cada uno de ellos en el contexto de un ‘objeto’ en su totalidad (el sistema). A una misma entidad se le pueden dar diferentes descripciones, por ejemplo, a una vieja cuna se le puede dar una ‘descripción’ que unifica basada en el diseño estético original, la funcionalidad para la que fue construida, o una nueva funcionalidad estética en la que se pude utilizar como maceta con flores.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">describe</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">describes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">descrive</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyFollows -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyFollows">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#follows"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyPrecedes"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Sub-relación intransitiva de “sigue”. Por ejemplo, el miércoles precede directamente al jueves. El que la precedencia sea directa depende de la conceptualización del diseñador.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The intransitive follows relation. For example, Wednesday directly precedes Thursday. Directness of precedence depends on the designer conceptualization.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">directly follows</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">segue direttamente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">sigue directamente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyPrecedes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyPrecedes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#precedes"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación intransitiva “precede”. Por ejemplo, el miércoles precede directamente al jueves. El que la precedencia sea directa depende de la conceptualización del diseñador.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The intransitive precedes relation. For example, Monday directly precedes Tuesday. Directness of precedence depends on the designer conceptualization.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">directly precedes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">precede directamente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">precede direttamente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#executesTask -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#executesTask">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExecutedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an action and a task, e.g. &apos;putting some water in a pot and putting the pot on a fire until the water starts bubbling&apos; executes the task &apos;boiling&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una acción y una tarea, por ejemplo, ejecuta la tarea “hervir”</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">ejecuta tarea</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">esegue il task</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">executes task</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expands -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expands">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToDescription"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpandedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A partial order relation that holds between descriptions. It represents the proper part relation between a description and another description featuring the same properties as the former, with at least one additional one.
Descriptions can be expanded either by adding other descriptions as parts, or by refining concepts that are used by them. 
An &apos;intention&apos; to expand must be present (unless purely formal theories are considered, but even in this case a criterion of relevance is usually active).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación de orden parcial que se establece entre descripciones. Representa la relación parte propia entre una descripción y otra descripción que presenta las mismas propiedades que la anterior, con al menos una propiedad adicional. Las descripciones se pueden expandir añadiendo otras descripciones como partes, y también refinando conceptos.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">espande</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">expande</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">expands</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expresses -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expresses">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpressedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an InformationObject and a &apos;meaning&apos;, generalized here as a &apos;SocialObject&apos;. For example: &apos;A Beehive is a structure in which bees are kept, typically in the form of a dome or box.&apos; (Oxford dictionary)&apos;; &apos;the term Beehive expresses the concept Beehive in my apiculture ontology&apos;.
The intuition for &apos;meaning&apos; is intended to be very broad. A separate, large comment is included for those who want to investigate more on what kind of meaning can be represented in what form.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">This is a large comment field for those who want to investigate the different uses of the &apos;expresses&apos; relation for modeling different approaches to meaning characterization and modeling.
For example, in all these cases, some aspect of meaning is involved:

- Beehive means &quot;a structure in which bees are kept, typically in the form of a dome or box.&quot; (Oxford dictionary)
- &apos;Beehive&apos; is a synonym in noun synset 09218159 &quot;beehive|hive&quot; (WordNet)
- &apos;the term Beehive can be interpreted as the fact of &apos;being a beehive&apos;, i.e. a relation that holds for concepts such as Bee, Honey, Hosting, etc.&apos;
- &apos;the text of Italian apiculture regulation expresses a rule by which beehives should be kept at least one kilometer away from inhabited areas&apos;
- &apos;the term Beehive expresses the concept Beehive&apos;
- &apos;&apos;Beehive&apos; for apiculturists does not express the same meaning as for, say, fishermen&apos;
- &apos;Your meaning of &apos;Beautiful&apos; does not seem to fit mine&apos;
- &apos;&apos;Beehive&apos; is formally interpreted as the set of all beehives&apos;
- &apos;from the term &apos;Beehive&apos;, we can build a vector space of statistically significant cooccurring terms in the documents that contain it&apos;
- the lexeme &apos;Belly&apos; expresses the role &apos;Body_Part&apos; in the frame &apos;ObservableBodyParts&apos; (FrameNet)

As the examples suggest, the &apos;meaning of meaning&apos; is dependent on the background approach/theory that one assumes. One can hardly make a summary of the too many approaches and theories of meaning, therefore this relation is maybe the most controversial and difficult to explain; normally, in such cases it would be better to give up formalizing. 
However, the usefulness of having a &apos;semantic abstraction&apos; in modeling information objects is so high (e.g. for the semantic web, interoperability, reengineering, etc.), that we accept this challenging task, although without taking any particular position in the debate. 
We provide here some examples, which we want to generalize upon when using the &apos;expresses&apos; relation to model semantic aspects of social reality.

In the most common approach, lexicographers that write dictionaries, glossaries, etc. assume that the meaning of a term is a paraphrase (or &apos;gloss&apos;, or &apos;definition&apos;). 
Another approach is provided by concept schemes like thesauri and lexicons, which assume that the meaning of a term is a &apos;concept&apos;, encoded as a &apos;lemma&apos;, &apos;synset&apos;, or &apos;descriptor&apos;.
Still another approach is that of psychologists and cognitive scientists, which often assume that the meaning of an information object is a concept encoded in the mind or cognitive system of an agent. 
A radically different approach is taken by social scientists and semioticians, who usually assume that meanings of an information object are spread across the communication practices in which members of a community use that object.
Another approach that tackles the distributed nature of meaning is assumed by geometrical models of semantics, which assume that the meaning of an InformationObject (e.g. a word) results from the set of informational contexts (e.g. within texts) in which that object is used similarly.
The logical approach to meaning is still different, since it assumes that the meaning of e.g. a term is equivalent to the set of individuals that the term can be applied to; for example, the meaning of &apos;Ali&apos; is e.g. an individual person called Ali, the meaning of &apos;Airplane&apos; is e.g. the set of airplanes, etc. 
Finally, an approach taken by structuralist linguistics and frame semantics is that a meaning is the relational context in which an information object can be applied; for example, a meaning of &apos;Airplane&apos; is situated e.g. in the context (&apos;frame&apos;) of passenger airline flights.

These different approaches are not necessarily conflicting, and they mostly talk about different aspects of so-called &apos;semantics&apos;. They can be summarized and modelled within DOLCE-Ultralite as follows (notice that such list is far from exhaustive):

(1) Informal meaning (as for linguistic or commonsense semantics: a distinction is assumed between (informal) meaning and reference; see isAbout for an alternative pattern on reference)
	- Paraphrase meaning (as for lexicographic semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between instances of InformationObject and different instances of InformationObject that act as &apos;paraphrases&apos;
	- Conceptual meaning (as for &apos;concept scheme&apos; semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between instances of InformationObject and instances of Concept
	- Relational meaning (as for frame semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between instances of InformationObject and instances of Description
	- Cognitive meaning (as for &apos;psychological&apos; semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between any instance of InformationObject and any different instance of InformationObject that isRealizedBy a mental, cognitive or neural state (depending on which theory of mind is assumed). Such states can be considered here as instances of Process (occurring in the mind, cognitive system, or neural system of an agent)
	- Cultural meaning (as for &apos;social science&apos; semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between instances of InformationObject and instances of SocialObject (institutions, cultural paradigms, norms, social practices, etc.)
	- Distributional meaning (as for geometrical models of meaning). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between any instance of InformationObject and any different instance of InformationObject that isFormallyRepresentedIn some (geometrical) Region (e.g. a vector space)

(2) Formal meaning (as for logic and formal semantics: no distinction is assumed between informal meaning and reference, therefore between &apos;expresses&apos; and &apos;isAbout&apos;, which can be used interchangeably)
	- Object-level formal meaning (as in the traditional first-order logic semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between an instance of InformationObject and an instance of Collection that isGroundingFor (in most cases) a Set; isGroundingFor is defined in the ontology: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/IOLite.owl
	- Modal formal meaning (as in possible-world semantics). Here it is modelled as the expresses relation between an instance of InformationObject and an instance of Collection that isGroundingFor a Set, and which isPartOf some different instance of Collection that isGroundingFor a PossibleWorld

This is only a first step to provide a framework, in which one can model different aspects of meaning. A more developed ontology should approach the problem of integrating the different uses of &apos;expresses&apos;, so that different theories, resources, methods can interoperate.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un ‘objeto de información’ y un “significado”, generalizado aquí como un ‘objeto social’. Por ejemplo, “una colmena es una estructura en la que las abejas se refugian, normalmente en forma cúpula o caja” (Oxford dictionary) expresa el concepto Abeja en mi ontología de apicultura. La intuición para “significado” se asume que es muy amplia. Se proporciona un comentario más amplio de esta relación en inglés.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">esprime</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">expresa</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">expresses</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expressesConcept -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expressesConcept">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expresses"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptExpressedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an InformationObject and a Concept , e.g. the term &quot;dog&quot; expresses the Concept &quot;dog&quot;. For expressing a relational meaning, see the more general object property: expresses</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un ‘objeto de información’ y un ‘concepto’, por ejemplo, el término “perro” expresa el concepto Perro. Para expresar un significado relacional, véase la propiedad de objeto más general ‘expresa’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">esprime il concetto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">expresa concepto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">expresses concept</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#farFrom -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#farFrom">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#farFrom"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Generic distance relation between any Entity(s). E.g. Rome is far from Beijing, astronomy is far from necromancy.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación genérica de distancia entre entidades cualesquiera. Por ejemplo, Madrid está lejos de Pekín, la astronomía está lejos de la nigromancia.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está lejos de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">far from</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#follows -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#follows">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#precedes"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities, expressing a &apos;sequence&apos; schema. 
E.g. &apos;year 2000 follows 1999&apos;, &apos;preparing coffee&apos; follows &apos;deciding what coffee to use&apos;, &apos;II World War follows I World War&apos;, etc. 
It can be used between tasks, processes or time intervals, and subproperties would fit best in order to distinguish the different uses.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un entidades, que expresa un esquema de “secuencia”. Por ejemplo, “el año 2000 sigue al 1999”, “preparar un café sigue a decidir qué tipo de café utilizar”, “la II Guerra Mundial sigue a la I Guerra Mundial”, etc. Se puede utilizar entre tareas, procesos o intervalos de tiempo, aunque se recomienda utilizar subpropiedades para matizar mejor los distintos tipos de usos.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">follows</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">segue</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">sigue</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasCommonBoundary -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasCommonBoundary">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasCommonBoundary"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation to encode either formal or informal characterizations of &apos;boundaries&apos; common to two different entities: an Event that ends when another begins, two abstract regions that have a common topological boundary, two objects that are said to be &apos;in contact&apos; from a commonsense perspective, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación para codificar bien caracterizaciones formales o bien informales de límites comunes a dos entidades diferentes: un ‘evento’ que termina cuando otro empieza, dos regiones abstractas que tienen un límite topológico común, dos objetos que se dice que están “en contacto” desde una perspectiva del sentido común.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has common boundary</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene límite común</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasComponent -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasComponent">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isComponentOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación ‘tiene parte de’ sin transitividad, que tiene lugar entre un ‘objeto’ (el sistema) y otro (el componente), y asumiendo un ‘diseño’ que estructura el ‘objeto’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The hasPart relation without transitivity, holding between an Object (the system) and another (the component), and assuming a Design that structures the Object.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha componente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has component</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene componente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConstituentOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">&apos;Constituency&apos; depends on some layering of  the world described by the ontology. For example, scientific granularities (e.g. body-organ-tissue-cell) or ontological &apos;strata&apos; (e.g. social-mental-biological-physical) are  typical layerings. 
Intuitively, a constituent is a part belonging to a lower layer. Since layering is actually a partition of the world described by the ontology, constituents are not properly classified as parts, although this kinship can be intuitive for common sense.
A desirable advantage of this distinction is that we are able to talk e.g. of physical constituents of non-physical objects (e.g. systems), while this is not possible in terms of parts.
Example of are the persons constituting a social system, the molecules constituting a person, the atoms constituting a river, etc. 
In all these examples, we notice a typical discontinuity between the constituted and the constituent object: e.g. a social system is conceptualized at a different layer from the persons that constitute it, a person is conceptualized at a different layer from the molecules that constitute them, and a river is conceptualized at a different layer from the atoms that constitute it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">“Constitución” depende de una estructura por niveles del mundo descrito por una ontología. Por ejemplo, las granularidades científicas (por ejemplo cuerpo-órgano-tejido-célula) o estratos ontológicos (por ejemplo, social-mental-biológico-físico) son estructuras por niveles típicas. Intuitivamente, un constituyente es una parte perteneciente a un nivel inferior. Puesto que la estructura por niveles es realmente una partición del mundo descrito por una ontología, los constituyentes no se clasifican propiamente como partes, aunque esta aproximación pueda ser intuitiva para el sentido común. Una ventaja deseable de esta distinción es que podemos hablar, por ejemplo, de constiyuentes físicos de objetos no físicos (por ejemplo, sistemas), mientras que no es posible hacerlo en términos de partes. Un ejemplo es el de las personas que constituyen un sistema social, las moléculas que constituyen una persona, los átomos que constituyen un río, etc. En todos estos ejemplos, podemos apreciar un discontinuidad típica entre el constituido y el constituyente; por ejemplo, un sistema social se conceptualiza en diferentes niveles desde la personas que lo constituyen, y un río se conceptualiza en diferentes niveles desde los átomos que los constituyen.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha costituente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has constituent</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene constituyente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstraint -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstraint">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConstraintFor"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between parameters and entities. It allows to assert generic constraints (encoded as parameters), e.g. MinimumAgeForDriving isConstraintFor John (where John is a legal subject under the TrafficLaw).
The intended semantics is that a Parameter isParameterFor a Concept that classifies an Entity; moreover, it entails that a Parameter parametrizes a Region that isRegionFor that Entity.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre parámetros y entidades. Permite afirmar restricciones genéricas (codificadas como parámetros), por ejemplo, Edad Mínima Para Conducir es Restricción Para Juan (donde Juan es el sujeto legal bajo la Ley de Tráfico). La semántica que hay detrás es que un ‘parámetro’ ‘es parámetro de’ un ‘concepto’ que clasifica una ‘entidad’; además, implica que un ‘parámetro’ paratetriza una ‘región’ que ‘es región para’ esa entidad.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha vincolo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has constraint</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene restricción</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasLocation -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasLocation">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isLocationOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A generic, relative spatial location, holding between any entities. E.g. &apos;the cat is on the mat&apos;, &apos;Omar is in Samarcanda&apos;, &apos;the wound is close to the femural artery&apos;.
For &apos;absolute&apos; locations, see SpaceRegion</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una localización espacial relativa y genérica, que tiene lugar entre entidades cualesquiera. Por ejemplo, “el gato está en la esterilla”, “Omar está en Samarcanda”, “la herida está cerca de la arteria femoral”. Para localizaciones “absolutas”, véase ‘región espacial’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha localizzazione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has location</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene localización</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasMember -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasMember">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isMemberOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between collections and entities, e.g. &apos;my collection of saxophones includes an old Adolphe Sax original alto&apos; (i.e. my collection has member an Adolphe Sax alto).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre colecciones y entidades, por ejemplo, “mi colección de saxofones incluye un alto original de Adolphe Sax” (es decir, mi colección tiene como miembro un alto de Adolphe Sax).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha membro</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has member</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene miembro</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParameter -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParameter">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParameterFor"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept can have a Parameter that constrains the attributes that a classified Entity can have in a certain Situation, e.g. a 4WheelDriver Role definedIn the ItalianTrafficLaw has a MinimumAge parameter on the Amount 16.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un concepto puede tener un ‘parámetro’ que restringe los atributos que una ‘entidad’ clasificada puede tener en una determinada situación. Por ejemplo, un Conductor de Vehículos de Cuatro Ruedas ‘está definido en’ la Ley de Tráfico Española como alguien que tiene un parámetro Edad Mínima de 18 años.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha parametro</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has parameter</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene parámetro</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPartOf"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A schematic relation between any entities, e.g. &apos;the human body has a brain as part&apos;, &apos;20th century contains year 1923&apos;, &apos;World War II includes the Pearl Harbour event&apos;.
Subproperties and restrictions can be used to specialize hasPart for objects, events, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación esquemática entre entidades cualesquiera, por ejemplo, “el cuerpo humano tiene un cerebro como parte”, “el siglo XX contiene el año 1923”, “la II Guerra Mundial incluye el evento de Pearl Harbour”. Se pueden utilizar subpropiedades y restricciones para especializar ‘tiene parte’ para objetos, eventos, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha parte</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has part</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene parte</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParticipant -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParticipant">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParticipantIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an object and a process, e.g. &apos;John took part in the discussion&apos;, &apos;a large mass of snow fell during the avalanche&apos;, or &apos;a cook, some sugar, flour, etc. are all present in the cooking of a cake&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un objeto y un proceso, por ejemplo, “Juan tomó parte en la discusión”, “una gran masa de nieve calló durante la avalancha”, o “un cocinero, algo de azúcar, harina, etc. están presentes en la elaboración de un pastel”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha come partecipante</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has participant</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene participante</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPostcondition -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPostcondition">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyPrecedes"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPostconditionOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Direct succession applied to situations. 
E.g., &apos;A postcondition of our Plan is to have things settled&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Sucesión directa aplicada a situaciones. Por ejemplo, “una poscondición de nuestro plan es tener aparatos instalados”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha postcondizione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has postcondition</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene poscondición</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPrecondition -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPrecondition">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyFollows"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPreconditionOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Direct precedence applied to situations. 
E.g., &apos;A precondition to declare war against a foreign country is claiming to find nuclear weapons in it&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Precedencia directa aplicada a situaciones. Por ejemplo, “una precondición para declarar la guerra contra un país extranjero es una afirmación de haber encontrado armas nucleares en él”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha precondizione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has precondition</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene precondición</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasQuality -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasQuality">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isQualityOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities and qualities, e.g. &apos;Dmitri&apos;s skin is yellowish&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre entidades y cualidades, por ejemplo, “La piel de Dmitri es amarillenta”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha qualità</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has quality</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene cualidad</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegion -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegion">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities and regions, e.g. &apos;the number of wheels of that truck is 12&apos;, &apos;the time of the experiment is August 9th, 2004&apos;, &apos;the whale has been localized at 34 degrees E, 20 degrees S&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre entidades y regiones, por ejemplo, “el número de ruedas de un camión es 12”, “el momento de realizar el experimento fue el 9 de agosto de 2004”, “la ballena ha sido localizada a 34 grados este, 30 grados sur”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha attributo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has region</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene región</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRole -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRole">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRoleOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an object and a role, e.g. the person &apos;John&apos; has role &apos;student&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un objeto y un papel, por ejemplo, la persona “Juan” juega el papel de “estudiante”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha ruolo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has role</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">juega el papel de</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasSetting -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasSetting">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities and situations, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee with a new fantastic Arabica&apos;, i.e.: (an amount of) a new fantastic Arabica hasSetting the preparation of my coffee this morning.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre entidades y situaciones, por ejemplo, “esta mañana he preparado mi café con un fantástico nuevo café arábica”, es decir, (una candidad de) un fantástico nuevo café arábica ‘está en el contexto’ de preparación de mi café esta mañana.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está en el contexto de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has setting</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è nel contesto di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasTask -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasTask">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between roles and tasks, e.g. &apos;students have the duty of giving exams&apos; (i.e. the Role &apos;student&apos; hasTask the Task &apos;giving exams&apos;).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre papeles y tareas, por ejemplo, “los estudiantes tienen la obligación de entregar los exámenes” (es decir, el papel estudiante ‘tiene como tarea’ la ‘tarea’ de “dar los exámenes”).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha come obiettivo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has task</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene como tarea</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasTimeInterval -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasTimeInterval">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegion"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIntervalOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación genérica entre eventos e intervalos de tiempo.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The generic relation between events and time intervals.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha intervallo temporale</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has time interval</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene intervalo de tiempo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesAction -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesAction">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesEvent"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isActionIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between situations and actions, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee and had my fingers burnt&apos; (i.e.: the preparation of my coffee this morning included a burning of my fingers).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre situaciones y acciones, por ejemplo, “esta mañana he preparado mi café y me he quemado los dedos” (es decir, la preparación de mi café esta mañana incluyó una quemadura de mis dedos).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">include azione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">includes action</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">incluye acción</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesAgent -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesAgent">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesObject"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAgentIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between situations and persons, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee and had my fingers burnt&apos; (i.e.: the preparation of my coffee this morning included me).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre situaciones y personas,  por ejemplo, “esta mañana he preparado mi café y me he quemado los dedos” (es decir, la preparación de mi café esta mañana me incluyó a mí).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">include l&apos;agente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">includes agent</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">incluye agente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesEvent -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesEvent">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isEventIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between situations and events, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee and had my fingers burnt&apos; (i.e.: the preparation of my coffee this morning included a burning of my fingers).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre situaciones y eventos, por ejemplo, “esta mañana he preparado mi café y me he quemado los dedos” (es decir, la preparación de mi café esta mañana incluyó una quemadura de mis dedos).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">include l&apos;evento</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">includes event</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">incluye evento</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesObject -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesObject">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isObjectIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between situations and objects, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee and had my fingers burnt&apos; (i.e.: the preparation of my coffee this morning included me).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre situaciones y objetos, por ejemplo, “esta mañana he preparado mi café y me he quemado los dedos” (es decir, la preparación de mi café esta mañana me incluyó a mí).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">include l&apos;oggetto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">includes object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">incluye objeto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesTime -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesTime">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between situations and time intervals, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee and had my fingers burnt&apos; (i.e.: preparing my coffee was held this morning). A data value attached to the time interval typically complements this modelling pattern.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre situaciones e intervalos de tiempo, por ejemplo, “esta mañana he preparado mi café y me he quemado los dedos” (es decir, la preparación de mi café ha tenido lugar esta mañana). Normalmente complementa este patrón de modelización un valor de dato adjunto al intervalo de tiempo.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">include tempo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">includes time</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">incluye tiempo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#introduces -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#introduces">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isIntroducedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Description and a SocialAgent, e.g. a Constitutional Charter introduces the SocialAgent &apos;PresidentOfRepublic&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una ‘descripción’ y un ‘agente social’, por ejemplo, un Acta Constitutiva presenta el ‘agente social’ Presidente del Gobierno.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">introduce</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">introduces</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">presenta</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#involvesAgent -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#involvesAgent">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParticipant"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAgentInvolvedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Agent participation.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Participación de agente.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">coinvolge agente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">implica agente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">involves agent</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAbout -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAbout">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isReferenceOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between information objects and any Entity (including information objects). It can be used to talk about e.g. entities are references of proper nouns: the proper noun &apos;Leonardo da Vinci&apos; isAbout the Person Leonardo da Vinci; as well as to talk about sets of entities that can be described by a common noun: the common noun &apos;person&apos; isAbout the set of all persons in a domain of discourse, which can be represented in DOLCE-Ultralite as an individual of the class: Collection .</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre objetos de información y entidades cualesquiera (incluyendo objetos de información). Se puede utilizar para hablar sobre, por ejemplo, entidades referenciadas por nombres propios: “Leonardo da Vinci” ‘se refiere a’ la ‘persona’ Leonardo da Vinci. También se puede utilizar para conjuntos de entidades que se describen mediante un nombre común: el nombre común  “persona” se refiere al conjunto de todas las personas en un dominio del discurso.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is about</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">se refiere a</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">si riferisce a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isActionIncludedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isActionIncludedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isEventIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es acción incluida en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is action included in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un&apos;azione nel contesto di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAgentIncludedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAgentIncludedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isObjectIncludedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es agente incluido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is agent included in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un agente nel contesto di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAgentInvolvedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isAgentInvolvedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParticipantIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Agent participation.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Participación de agente.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es agente implicado en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is agent involved in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un agente coinvolto in</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isCharacterizedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isCharacterizedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está caracterizado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is characterized by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">is characterized by {@en-us}</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è caratterizzato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Concept and an Entity, e.g. &apos;John is considered a typical rude man&apos;; your last concert constitutes the achievement of a lifetime; &apos;20-year-old means she&apos;s mature enough&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre un ‘concepto’ y una ‘entidad’, por ejemplo, “Juan está considerado como el típico hombre grosero”; “tu último concierto constituye un logro en tu vida”; “20 años de edad significa que ha madurado lo suficiente”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está clasificado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is classified by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è classificato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isComponentOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isComponentOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPartOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene componente&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The hasPart relation without transitivity, holding between an Object (the system) and another (the component), and assuming a Design that structures the Object.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es componente de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is component of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è componente di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptExpressedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptExpressedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpressedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an InformationObject and a Concept , e.g. the term &quot;dog&quot; expresses the Concept &quot;dog&quot;. For expressing a relational meaning, see the more general object property: expresses</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;expresa concepto&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es concepto expresado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is concept expressed by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un concetto espresso da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptUsedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptUsedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#usesConcept"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A more generic relation holding between a Description and a Concept. In order to be used, a Concept must be previously definedIn another Description</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;utiliza concepto&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es concepto utilizado en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is concept used in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un concetto usato in</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptualizedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptualizedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation stating that an Agent is internally representing a Description . E.g., &apos;John believes in the conspiracy theory&apos;; &apos;Niels Bohr created a solar-system metaphor for his atomic theory&apos;; &apos;Jacques assumes all swans are white&apos;; &apos;the task force shares the attack plan&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;conceptualiza&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está conceptualizado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is conceptualized by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è concettualizzato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConcretelyExpressedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConcretelyExpressedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an InformationRealization and a Description, e.g. &apos;the printout of the Italian Constitution concretelyExpresses the Italian Constitution&apos;. It should be supplied also with a rule stating that the InformationRealization realizes an InformationObject that expresses the Description</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;expresa concretamente&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está concretamente expresado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is concretely expressed by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è espresso concretamente da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConstituentOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConstituentOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">&apos;Constituency&apos; depends on some layering of  the world described by the ontology. For example, scientific granularities (e.g. body-organ-tissue-cell) or ontological &apos;strata&apos; (e.g. social-mental-biological-physical) are  typical layerings. 
Intuitively, a constituent is a part belonging to a lower layer. Since layering is actually a partition of the world described by the ontology, constituents are not properly classified as parts, although this kinship can be intuitive for common sense.
A desirable advantage of this distinction is that we are able to talk e.g. of physical constituents of non-physical objects (e.g. systems), while this is not possible in terms of parts.
Example of are the persons constituting a social system, the molecules constituting a person, the atoms constituting a river, etc. 
In all these examples, we notice a typical discontinuity between the constituted and the constituent object: e.g. a social system is conceptualized at a different layer from the persons that constitute it, a person is conceptualized at a different layer from the molecules that constitute them, and a river is conceptualized at a different layer from the atoms that constitute it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Es la relación inversa de &apos;tiene constituyente&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es constituyente de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is constituent of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è costituente di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConstraintFor -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConstraintFor">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between parameters and entities. It allows to assert generic constraints (encoded as parameters), e.g. MinimumAgeForDriving isConstraintFor John (where John is a legal subject under the TrafficLaw).
The intended semantics is that a Parameter isConstraintFor and Entity if the Parameter isParameterFor a Concept that classifies that Entity; moreover, it entails that a Parameter parametrizes a Region that isRegionFor that Entity.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Es la relación inversa de &apos;tiene restricción&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es restricción para</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is constraint for</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un vincolo per</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isCoveredBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isCoveredBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between concepts and collections, where a Concept is said to cover a Collection; it corresponds to a link between the (reified) intensional and extensional interpretations of a (reified) class.
E.g. the collection of vintage saxophones is covered by the Concept &apos;Saxophone&apos; with the Parameter &apos;Vintage&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Es la relación inversa de &apos;es cubierto por&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está cubierto por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is covered by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è ricoperto da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isConceptUsedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Description and a Concept, e.g. a Workflow for a governmental Organization defines the Role &apos;officer&apos;, or &apos;the Italian Traffic Law defines the role Vehicle&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;define&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está definido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is defined in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è definito in</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDescribedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDescribedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Es la relación inversa de &apos;describe&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation between an Entity and a Description: a Description gives a unity to a Collection of parts (the components), or constituents, by assigning a Role to each of them in the context of a whole Object (the system).
A same Entity can be given different descriptions, for example, an old cradle can be given a unifying Description based on the original aesthetic design, the functionality it was built for, or a new aesthetic functionality in which it can be used as a flower pot.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está descrito por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is described by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è descritto da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isEventIncludedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isEventIncludedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasSetting"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es evento incluido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is event included in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un evento nel contesto di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExecutedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExecutedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an action and a task, e.g. &apos;putting some water in a pot and putting the pot on a fire until the water starts bubbling&apos; executes the task &apos;boiling&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;ejecuta tarea&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es ejecutado en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is executed in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è eseguito mediante</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpandedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpandedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToDescription"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A partial order relation that holds between descriptions. It represents the proper part relation between a description and another description featuring the same properties as the former, with at least one additional one.
Descriptions can be expanded either by adding other descriptions as parts, or by refining concepts that are used by them. 
An &apos;intention&apos; to expand must be present (unless purely formal theories are considered, but even in this case a criterion of relevance is usually active).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;expande&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">expandido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is expanded in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è espansa in</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpressedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpressedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a dul:SocialObject (the &apos;meaning&apos;) and a dul:InformationObject (the &apos;expression&apos;). 
For example: &apos;A Beehive is a structure in which bees are kept, typically in the form of a dome or box.&apos; (Oxford dictionary)&apos;; &apos;the term Beehive expresses the concept Beehive in my apiculture ontology&apos;.
The intuition for &apos;meaning&apos; is intended to be very broad. A separate, large comment is included in the encoding of &apos;expresses&apos;, for those who want to investigate more on what kind of meaning can be represented in what form.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;expresa&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está expresado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is expressed by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è espresso da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isIntroducedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isIntroducedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Description and a SocialAgent, e.g. a Constitutional Charter introduces the SocialAgent &apos;PresidentOfRepublic&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;presenta&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es presentado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is introduced by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è introdotto da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isLocationOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isLocationOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A generic, relative localization, holding between any entities. E.g. &apos;Rome is the seat of the Pope&apos;, &apos;the liver is the location of the tumor&apos;.
For &apos;absolute&apos; locations, see SpaceRegion</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene localización&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es localización de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is location of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è una localizzazione di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isMemberOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isMemberOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between collections and entities, e.g. &apos;the Night Watch by Rembrandt is in the Rijksmuseum collection&apos;; &apos;Davide is member of the Pen Club&apos;, &apos;Igor is one the subjects chosen for the experiment&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene miembro&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es miembro de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is member of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è membro di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isObjectIncludedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isObjectIncludedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasSetting"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es objeto incluido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is object included in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un oggetto nel contesto di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isObservableAt -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isObservableAt">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegion"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeOfObservationOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation to represent a (past, present or future) TimeInterval at which an Entity is observable.
In order to encode a specific time, a data value should be related to the TimeInterval. 
An alternative way of representing time is the datatype property: hasIntervalDate</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación para presentar un ‘intervalo de tiempo’ (pasado, presente o futuro) en el que una ‘entidad’ es observable. Para codificar un tiempo específico, se debería asociar un valor de datos con el ‘intervalo de tiempo’. Una forma alternativa de representar tiempo es la propiedad de datos: ‘tiene fecha de intervalo’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es observable a lo largo de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is observable at</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è osservabile a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParameterFor -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParameterFor">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept can have a Parameter that constrains the attributes that a classified Entity can have in a certain Situation, e.g. a 4WheelDriver Role definedIn the ItalianTrafficLaw has a MinimumAge parameter on the Amount 16.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene parámetro&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es parámetro de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is parameter for</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un parametro per</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParametrizedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParametrizedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#parametrizes"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de parametriza.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation between a Parameter, e.g. &apos;MajorAge&apos;, and a Region, e.g. &apos;&gt;17 year&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está parametrizado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is parametrized by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è parametrizzato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPartOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPartOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between any entities, e.g.&apos;brain is a part of the human body&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene parte&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es parte de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is part of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è parte di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParticipantIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParticipantIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an object and a process, e.g. &apos;John took part in the discussion&apos;, &apos;a large mass of snow fell during the avalanche&apos;, or &apos;a cook, some sugar, flour, etc. are all present in the cooking of a cake&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene participante&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es participante en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is participant in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un partecipante a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPostconditionOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPostconditionOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyFollows"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Direct succession applied to situations. 
E.g., &apos;Taking some rest is a postcondition of my search for a hotel&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene poscondición&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es poscondición de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is postcondition of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è postcondizione di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPreconditionOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isPreconditionOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyPrecedes"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Direct precedence applied to situations. 
E.g., &apos;claiming to find nuclear weapons in a foreign country is a precondition to declare war against it&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene precondición&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es precondición de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is precondition of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è precondizione di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isQualityOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isQualityOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities and qualities, e.g. &apos;Dmitri&apos;s skin is yellowish&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene cualidad&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es cualidad de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is quality of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è una qualità di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRealizedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRealizedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizes"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an information realization and an information object, e.g. the paper copy of the Italian Constitution realizes the text of the Constitution.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;realiza&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es realizado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is realized by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è realizzato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isReferenceOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isReferenceOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between information objects and any Entity (including information objects). It can be used to talk about e.g. entities are references of proper nouns: the proper noun &apos;Leonardo da Vinci&apos; isAbout the Person Leonardo da Vinci; as well as to talk about sets of entities that can be described by a common noun: the common noun &apos;person&apos; isAbout the set of all persons in a domain of discourse, which can be represented in DOLCE-Ultralite as an individual of the class: Collection .
The isReferenceOf relation is irreflexive, differently from its inverse isAbout.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;se refiere a&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es referencia de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is reference of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è il riferimento di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isReferenceOfInformationRealizedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isReferenceOfInformationRealizedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizesInformationAbout"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;realiza información sobre&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation between entities and information realizations, e.g. between Italy and a paper copy of the text of the Italian Constitution.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es referencia de información realizada por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is reference of information realized by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è riferimento dell&apos;informazione realizzata da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities and regions, e.g. &apos;the color of my car is red&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene región&apos;</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es región de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is region for</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è una regione di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any relation between concepts, e.g. superordinated, conceptual parthood, having a parameter, having a task, superordination, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier relación entre conceptos, por ejemplo, superordinado, parte conceptual, tener el mismo parámetro, hacer una tarea, subordinación, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está relacionado con (concepto)</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is related to concept</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è associato al concetto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToDescription -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToDescription">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToDescription"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any relation between descriptions.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier relación entre descripciones.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está relacionado con (descripción)</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is related to description</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è associata alla descrizione</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRoleDefinedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRoleDefinedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a description and a role, e.g. the role &apos;Ingredient&apos; is defined in the recipe for a cake.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;define papel&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es papel definido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is role defined in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un ruolo definito in</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRoleOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRoleOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an object and a role, e.g. &apos;student&apos; is the role of &apos;John&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;juega el papel de&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es papel de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is role of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un ruolo di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSatisfiedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSatisfiedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#satisfies"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Situation and a Description, e.g. the execution of a Plan satisfies that plan.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;satisface&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is satisfied by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">satisfecho por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è soddisfatta da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between situations and entities, e.g. &apos;this morning I&apos;ve prepared my coffee with a new fantastic Arabica&apos;, i.e.: the preparation of my coffee this morning is the setting for (an amount of) a new fantastic Arabica.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;está en el contexto de&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">include</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">incluye</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is setting for</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSpecializedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSpecializedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#specializes"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A partial order relation that holds between social objects. It represents the subsumption relation between e.g. a Concept and another Concept that is broader in extensional interpretation, but narrowe in intensional interpretation.
E.g. PhDStudent Role specializes Student Role</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;especializa&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es especializado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is specialized by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è specializzato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSubordinatedTo -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSubordinatedTo">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyFollows"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSuperordinatedTo"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Direct succession applied to concepts. E.g. the role &apos;Officer&apos; is subordinated to &apos;Director&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Sucesión directa aplicada a conceptos. Por ejemplo, el papel Oficial está subordinado al de Inspector.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está subordinado a</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is subordinated to</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è subordinato a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSuperordinatedTo -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSuperordinatedTo">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#directlyPrecedes"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Direct precedence applied to concepts. E.g. the role &apos;Executive&apos; is superordinated to &apos;DepartmentManager&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación inversa a &apos;está subordinado a&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está superordinado a</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is superordinated to</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è superordinato a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskDefinedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskDefinedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a description and a task, e.g. the task &apos;boil&apos; is defined in a recipe for a cake.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;define tarea&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es tarea definida en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is task defined in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un task definito in</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRelatedToConcept"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between roles and tasks, e.g. &apos;students have the duty of giving exams&apos; (i.e. the Role &apos;student&apos; hasTask the Task &apos;giving exams&apos;).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene como tarea&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es tarea de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is task of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un obiettivo per</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIncludedIn -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIncludedIn">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasSetting"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es tiempo incluido en</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is time included in</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è un tempo nel contesto di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIntervalOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIntervalOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;tiene intervalo de tiempo&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The generic relation between time intervals and events.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es intervalo de tiempo de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">intervallo temporale di</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is time interval of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeOfObservationOf -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeOfObservationOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation to represent a (past, present or future) TimeInterval at which an Entity is observable.
In order to encode a specific time, a data value should be related to the TimeInterval. 
An alternative way of representing time is the datatype property: hasIntervalDate</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;es observable a lo largo de&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">es tiempo de observación de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is time of observation of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è il tempo di osservazione di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isUnifiedBy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isUnifiedBy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#unifies"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Collection has a unification criterion, provided by a Description; for example, a community of practice can be unified by a shared theory or interest, e.g. the community that makes research on mirror neurons shares some core knowledge about mirror neurons, which can be represented as a Description MirrorNeuronTheory that unifies the community. There can be several unifying descriptions.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;unifica&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está unificado por</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is unified by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è unificato da</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#nearTo -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#nearTo">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#nearTo"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Generic distance relation between any Entity(s). E.g. Rome is near to Florence, astronomy is near to physics.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación de distancia genérica entre entidades cualesquiera. Por ejemplo, Madrid está cerca de Toledo, la astronomía está cerca de la física.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está cerca de</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">near to</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#overlaps -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#overlaps">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#overlaps"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A schematic relation between any entities, e.g. &apos;the chest region overlaps with the abdomen region&apos;, &apos;my spoken words overlap with hers&apos;, &apos;the time of my leave overlaps with the time of your arrival&apos;, &apos;fibromyalgia overlaps with other conditions&apos;.
Subproperties and restrictions can be used to specialize overlaps for objects, events, time intervals, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación esquemática entre entidades cualesquiera, por ejemplo, “la región del pecho se solapa con la región del abdomen”, “las palabras que yo hablo se solapan con las tuyas”, “el tiempo de mi partida se solapa con el tiempo tu llegada”, “la fibromialgia se solapa con otras condiciones”. Se pueden utilizar subpropiedades y restricciones para especializar el solape de objetos, eventos, intervalos de tiempo, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">overlaps</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">se solapa con</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">sovrapposto a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#parametrizes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#parametrizes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación entre un ‘parámetro’, por ejemplo, Límite de Edad, y una ‘región’, por ejemplo, “18 años”. Para una relación más orientada a los datos, véase ‘tiene valor’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation between a Parameter, e.g. &apos;MajorAgeLimit&apos;, and a Region, e.g. &apos;18_year&apos;.
For a more data-oriented relation, see hasDataValue</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">parametriza</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">parametrizes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">parametrizza</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#precedes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#precedes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between entities, expressing a &apos;sequence&apos; schema. 
E.g. &apos;year 1999 precedes 2000&apos;, &apos;deciding what coffee to use&apos; precedes &apos;preparing coffee&apos;, &apos;World War II follows World War I&apos;, &apos;in the Milan to Rome autoroute, Bologna precedes Florence&apos;, etc.
It can then be used between tasks, processes, time intervals, spatially locate objects, situations, etc. 
Subproperties can be defined in order to distinguish the different uses.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Relación inversa de &apos;sigue&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">precede</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">precede</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">precedes</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between an information realization and an information object, e.g. the paper copy of the Italian Constitution realizes the text of the Constitution.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una realización de información y un objeto de información, por ejemplo, la copia en papel de la Constitución Española realiza el texto de la Constitución.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">realiza</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">realizes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">realizza</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizesInformationAbout -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizesInformationAbout">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La relación entre entidades y realizaciones de información, por ejemplo, entre España y una copia del texto de la Constitución Española.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The relation between entities and information realizations, e.g. between Italy and a paper copy of the text of the Italian Constitution.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">realiza información sobre</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">realizes information about</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">realizza informazione che si riferisce a a</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#sameSettingAs -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#sameSettingAs">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#sameSettingAs"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between two entities participating in a same Situation; e.g., &apos;Our company provides an antivenom service&apos; (the situation is the service, the two entities are the company and the antivenom).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre dos entidades participantes en la misma ‘situación’, por ejemplo, “nuestra empresa proporciona un servicio antisuero” (la situación es el servicio, las dos entidades son la compañía y el antisuero).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy>https://w3id.org/def/dul-es</rdfs:isDefinedBy>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">está en la misma situación que</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is in the same setting as</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">è nella stessa situazione di</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#satisfies -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#satisfies">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A relation between a Situation and a Description, e.g. the execution of a Plan satisfies that plan.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación entre una ‘situación’ y una ‘descripción’, por ejemplo la ejecución de un ‘plan’ satisface ese plan.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">satisface</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">satisfies</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">soddisfa</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#specializes -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#specializes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A partial order relation that holds between social objects. 
It mainly represents the subsumption relation between e.g. a Concept or Description and another Concept (resp. Description) that is broader in extensional interpretation, but narrower in intensional interpretation. For example, the role PhDStudent specializes the role Student.
Another possible use is between a Collection that isCoveredBy a Concept A, and another Collection that isCoveredBy a Concept B that on its turm specializes A. For example, the 70,000 series Selmer Mark VI saxophone Collection specializes the Selmer Mark VI saxophone Collection.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación de orden parcial que tiene lugar entre objetos sociales. Representa principalmente la relación de subsunción entre, por ejemplo, un ‘concepto’ o ‘descripción’ y otro concepto (‘descripción’ respectivamente) que es más amplia en la interpretación extensional, pero más estrecha en la interpretación intensional. Por ejemplo, el papel Estudiante de Doctorado especializa el papel Estudiante. Otro posible uso es entre una ‘colección’ que ‘es cubierta por’ un ‘concepto’ A, y otra ‘colección’ que es cubierta por un concepto B que, a su vez, especializa A. Por ejemplo, la serie de saxofones altos de la colección Selmer Mark VI especializa la colección Selmer Mark VI.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">especializa</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">specializes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">specializza</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#unifies -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#unifies">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Collection has a unification criterion, provided by a Description; for example, a community of practice can be unified by a shared theory or interest, e.g. the community that makes research on mirror neurons shares some core knowledge about mirror neurons, which can be represented as a Description MirrorNeuronTheory that unifies the community. There can be several unifying descriptions.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘colección’ tiene un criterio de unificación, proporcionado por una ‘descripción’; por ejemplo, una comunidad de práctica puede estar unificada por una teoría compartida o interés, por ejemplo, la comunidad que hace investigación en neuronas especulares comparte algunos conocimientos básicos sobre neuronas especulares, que pueden ser representados como una ‘descripción’ (la Teoría de Neuronas Especulares) que unifica la comunidad. Puede haber varias descripciones unificadoras.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">unifica</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">unifica</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">unifies</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#usesConcept -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#usesConcept">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#associatedWith"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A generic relation holding between a Description and a Concept. In order to be used, a Concept must be previously definedIn another Description.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una relación genérica que tiene lugar entre una ‘descripción’ y un ‘concepto’. Para ser usada, un ‘concepto’ debe ser previamente en (‘definido en’) otra descripción.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">usa il concetto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">uses concept</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">utiliza concepto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Data properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasDataValue -->

    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasDataValue">
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A datatype property that encodes values from a datatype for an Entity. 
There are several ways to encode values in DOLCE (Ultralite):

1) Directly assert an xsd:_ value to an Entity by using hasDataValue
2) Assert a Region for an Entity by using hasRegion, and then assert an xsd:_ value to that Region, by using hasRegionDataValue
3) Assert a Quality for an Entity by using hasQuality, then assert a Region for that Quality, and assert an xsd:_ value to that Region, by using hasRegionDataValue
4) When the value is required, but not directly observed, assert a Parameter for an xsd:_ value by using hasParameterDataValue, and then associate the Parameter to an Entity by using isConstraintFor
5) When the value is required, but not directly observed, you can also assert a Parameter for a Region by using parametrizes, and then assert an xsd:_ value to that Region, by using hasRegionDataValue

The five approaches obey different requirements. 
For example, a simple value can be easily asserted by using pattern (1), but if one needs to assert an interval between two values, a Region should be introduced to materialize that interval, as pattern (2) suggests. 
Furthermore, if one needs to distinguish the individual Quality of a value, e.g. the particular nature of the density of a substance, pattern (3) can be used. 
Patterns (4) and (5) should be used instead when a constraint or a selection is modeled, independently from the actual observation of values in the real world.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una propiedad de datos que codifica valores de un tipo de datos para una ‘entidad’. Hay varias formas de codificar valores en esta ontología:

1) Asignando un xsd:_value a una ‘entidad’ utilizando ‘tiene valor’.
2) Asignando una ‘región’ a una ‘entidad’ utilizando ‘tiene región’, y asignando un xsd:_value a la ‘región’.
3) Asignando una ‘cualidad’ a una ‘entidad’ utilizando ‘tiene cualidad’, y asignando una ‘región’ a esa ‘cualidad’, y asignando un xsd:_value a esa ‘región’, utilizando ‘tiene valor de región’.
4) Cuando se requiere el valor, pero no directamente observado, asignar un valor a un parámetro a través de ‘tiene valor de parámetro’, y entonces asociar el ‘parámetro’ a una ‘entidad’ utilizando ‘es restricción para’.
5) Cuando se requiere el valor, pero no directamente observado, se puede asignar un ‘parámetro’ a una ‘región’ utilizando ‘parametriza’, y entonces asignando un xsd:_valor a esa ‘región’, utilizando ‘tiene valor de región’.

Los cinco enfoques responden a diferentes requisitos. Por ejemplo, un valor simple se puede asignar fácilmente utilizando el patrón (1), pero si se necesita asignar un intervalo entre dos valores, se debería introducir una ‘región’ para materializar ese intervalo, como sugiere el patrón (2). Además, si se necesita distinguir la ‘cualidad’ individual de un valor, por ejemplo, la naturaleza particular de la densidad de una sustancia, se puede utilizar el patrón (3). Los patrones (4) y (5) se deberían utilizar cuando se modele una restricción o una selección, independientemente de la observación directa de los valores del mundo real.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha valore</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has data value</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene valor</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasEventDate -->

    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasEventDate">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasDataValue"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A datatype property that encodes values from xsd:date for an Event; a same Event can have more than one xsd:date value: begin date, end date, date at which the interval holds, as well as dates expressed in different formats: xsd:gYear, xsd:dateTime, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una propiedad de datos que codifica valores de un xsd:date para un ‘evento’; el mismo evento puede tener más de un valor xsd:date: fecha de comienzo, fecha de final, fecha en la que ocurre el intervalo, así como fechas expresadas en diferentes formatos: xsd:Year, xsd:dateTime, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">evento ha data</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has event date</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene fecha de evento</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasIntervalDate -->

    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasIntervalDate">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegionDataValue"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A datatype property that encodes values from xsd:date for a TimeInterval; a same TimeInterval can have more than one xsd:date value: begin date, end date, date at which the interval holds, as well as dates expressed in different formats: xsd:gYear, xsd:dateTime, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una propiedad de datos que codifica valores para un xsd:date para un ‘intervalo de tiempo’; el mismo ‘intervalo de tiempo’ puede tener más de un valor xsd:date: fecha de comienzo, fecha de fin, fecha en la que ocurre el intervalo, así como fechas expresadas en diferentes formatos: xsd:Year, xsd:dateTime, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has interval date</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">intervallo ha data</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene fecha de intervalo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParameterDataValue -->

    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParameterDataValue">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasDataValue"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Parametriza valores de un tipo de datos. Por ejemplo, un ‘parámetro’ Edad Mínima para Conducir ‘tiene valor de parámetro’ 18 en el tipo de datos xsd:int, en el código español de circulación. En este ejemplo, Edad Mínima para Conducir ‘está definida en’ el Código de la Circulación de España. Una parametrización más compleja requiere un camino más largo. Por ejemplo, suponiendo que el Intervalo de Edad para Acceder al Cuerpo Nacional de Policía de España esté entre 18 y 65 años, se podrían utilizar dos sub-parámetros: Edad Mínima para Acceder al Cuerpo Nacional de Policía y Edad Máxima para acceder al Cuerpo Nacional de Policía. La ordenación de los sub-parámetros puede ser llevada a cabo mediante la propiedad de objeto ‘precede’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Parametrizes values from a datatype. For example, a Parameter MinimumAgeForDriving hasParameterDataValue 18 on datatype xsd:int, in the Italian traffic code. In this example, MinimumAgeForDriving isDefinedIn the Norm ItalianTrafficCodeAgeDriving.
Ordering on subparameters can be created by using or specializing the object property &apos;precedes&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">ha valore</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has parameter data value</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene valor de parámetro</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegionDataValue -->

    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegionDataValue">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasDataValue"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A datatype property that encodes values for a Region, e.g. a float for the Region Height.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Propiedad de datos que codifica los valores para una ‘región’, por ejemplo, float para la ‘región’ Altura.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has region data value</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">regione ha valore</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tiene valor de región</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Classes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Abstract -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Abstract">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any Entity that cannot be located in space-time. E.g. mathematical entities: formal semantics elements, regions within dimensional spaces, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier entidad que no se puede localizar en el espacio-tiempo. Por ejemplo, entidades matemáticas: elementos de semántica formal, espacios vectoriales, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Abstract</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Astratto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">entidad abstracta</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParticipant"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#executesTask"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An Event with at least one Agent that isParticipantIn it, and that executes a Task that typically isDefinedIn a Plan, Workflow, Project, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘evento’ con al menos un ‘agente’ que ‘es participante’ en él, y que ejecuta una ‘tarea’ que normalmente ‘es definida en’ un ‘plan’, ‘workflow’, ‘proyecto’, etc.

Véase la clase ‘evento’, donde aparecen reflexiones sobre clasificación de eventos. Véase también ‘transición’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Action</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Azione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">acción</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAgent"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Additional comment: a computational agent can be considered as a PhysicalAgent that realizes a certain class of algorithms (that can be considered as instances of InformationObject) that allow to obtain some behaviors that are considered typical of agents in general. For an ontology of computational objects based on DOLCE see e.g. http://www.loa-cnr.it/COS/COS.owl, and http://www.loa-cnr.it/KCO/KCO.owl.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any agentive Object, either physical (e.g. a whale, a robot, an oak), or social (e.g. a corporation, an institution, a community).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un objeto agentivo, sea físico (por ejemplo, una ballena, un robot, o un roble), o social (por ejemplo, una empresa, una institución, una comunidad).

Comentario adicional: un agente computacional se puede considerar como un ‘agente físico’ que realiza una cierta clase de algoritmos (que se pueden considerar como instancias de ‘objeto de información’) que permiten obtener algunos comportamientos que se consideran típicos de agentes en general.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Agent</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Agente</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">agente</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Amount -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Amount">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAttribute"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpaceRegion"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A quantity, independently from how it is measured, computed, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una cantidad, independientemente de cómo se mide, computa, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Amount</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Quantità</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">cantidad</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#BiologicalObject -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#BiologicalObject">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalBody"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Biological object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">objeto biológico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#ChemicalObject -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#ChemicalObject">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalBody"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Chemical object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">objeto químico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Classification -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Classification">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">3</owl:cardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A special kind of Situation that allows to include time indexing for the classifies relation in situations. For example, if a Situation s &apos;my old cradle is used in these days as a flower pot&apos; isSettingFor the entity &apos;my old cradle&apos; and the TimeIntervals &apos;8June2007&apos; and &apos;10June2007&apos;, and we know that s satisfies a functional Description for aesthetic objects, which defines the Concepts &apos;flower pot&apos; and &apos;flower&apos;, then we also need to know what concept classifies &apos;my old cradle&apos; at what time.
In order to solve this issue, we need to create a sub-situation s&apos; for the classification time: &apos;my old cradle is a flower pot in 8June2007&apos;. Such sub-situation s&apos; isPartOf s.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un tipo especial de ‘situación’ que permite incluir índices de tiempo para la relación de clasificación en situaciones. Por ejemplo, si una ‘situación’ s “mi vieja cuna se usa estos días como una maceta con flores” ‘se establece para’ la entidad “mi vieja cuna” y los ‘intervalo(s) de tiempo’ que 8 de junio de 2007 y 10 de junio de 2007, y sabemos que s satisface una ‘descripción’ funcional para objetos estéticos, que define el ‘concepto’ “maceta con flores”, entonces también necesitamos saber qué concepto clasifica “mi vieja cuna” en ese tiempo.
Par resolver este asunto, necesitamos crear una sub-situación de s para tiempo de clasificación: “mi vieja cuna es una maceta con flores el 8 de junio de 2007”. Tal sub-situación de s es parte de s.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Classification</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Classificazione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">clasificación</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any container for entities that share one or more common properties. E.g. &quot;stone objects&quot;, &quot;the nurses&quot;, &quot;the Louvre Aegyptian collection&quot;, all the elections for the Italian President of the Republic. 
A collection is not a logical class: a collection is a first-order entity, while a class is second-order.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier contenedor de entidades que comparten una o más propiedades comunes. Por ejemplo, “objetos de piedra”, “las enfermeras”, “la colección egipcia del Louvre”, todas las elecciones para el parlamento de España.

Una colección no es una clase lógica: una colección es una entidad de primer orden, mientras que una clase lo es de segundo orden.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Collection</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Collezione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">colección</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collective -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collective">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasMember"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Collection whose members are agents, e.g. &quot;the nurses&quot;, &quot;the Italian rockabilly fans&quot;.
Collectives, facon de parler, can act as agents, although they are not assumed here to be agents (they are even disjoint from the class SocialAgent). This is represented by admitting collectives in the range of the relations having Agent in their domain or range.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘colección’ cuyos miembros son agentes, por ejemplo, “las enfermeras”, “los aficionados españoles a la música clásica”. Los colectivos (esto es una forma de hablar), pueden actuar como agentes, aunque aquí no se asume que sean agentes (son incluso disyuntos de la clase ‘agente social’). Esto se representa admitiendo los colectivos en el rango de las relaciones que tienen a la clase ‘agente’ en su dominio o en su rango.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Collective</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Collettivo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">colectivo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#CollectiveAgent -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#CollectiveAgent">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isMemberOf"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collective"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:someValuesFrom>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isIntroducedBy"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom>
                    <owl:Class>
                        <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
                            <owl:Restriction>
                                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#unifies"/>
                                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collective"/>
                            </owl:Restriction>
                        </owl:intersectionOf>
                    </owl:Class>
                </owl:someValuesFrom>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A SocialAgent that is actedBy agents that are (and act as) members of a Collective. A collective agent can have roles that are also roles of those agents.
For example, in sociology, a &apos;group action&apos; is the situation in which a number of people (that result to be members of a collective) in a given area behave in a coordinated way in order to achieve a (often common) goal. The Agent in such a Situation is not single, but a CollectiveAgent (a Group). This can be generalized to the notion of social movement, which assumes a large Community or even the entire Society as agents.
The difference between a CollectiveAgent and an Organization is that a Description that introduces a CollectiveAgent is also one that unifies the corresponding Collective. In practice, this difference makes collective agents &apos;less stable&apos; than organizations, because they have a dedicated, publicly recognizable Description that is conceived to introduce them.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘agente social’ que ‘actúa por’ agentes que son (y actúan como) miembros de un ‘colectivo’. Un agente colectivo puede tener papeles que son también papeles de otros agentes.

Por ejemplo, en sociología, una ‘acción de grupo’ es la situación en que un número de personas (que resultan ser miembros de un colectivo) en un área dada, se comportan de una forma coordinada para alcanzar una meta (normalmente común). El ‘agente’ en tal ‘situación’ no es único, sino un ‘agente colectivo’ (un grupo). Esto se puede generalizar a la noción de movimiento social, que asume una ‘comunidad’ grande o incluso una ‘sociedad’ entera como agente.

La diferencia entre ‘agente colectivo’ y una ‘organización’ es que una ‘descripción’ que presenta a un ‘agente colectivo’ también unifica al correspondiente ‘colectivo’. En la práctica, esta diferencia hace los agentes colectivos “menos estables” que las organizaciones, porque tienen una descripción dedicada públicamente reconocible que es concebida para presentarlos.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Agente collettivo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Collective agent</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">agente colectivo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Community -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Community">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#CollectiveAgent"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Community</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Comunità</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">comunidad</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept is a SocialObject, and isDefinedIn some Description; once defined, a Concept can be used in other Description(s). If a Concept isDefinedIn exactly one Description, see the LocalConcept class.
The classifies relation relates Concept(s) to Entity(s) at some TimeInterval</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘concepto’ es un ‘objeto social’, y ‘está definido’ en alguna ‘descripción’. Una vez definido, un ‘concepto’ se puede utilizar en otras descripciones. Para el caso en que un ‘concepto’ está definido exactamente en una ‘descripción’, véase la clase ‘concepto local’.

La relación ‘clasifica’ relaciona conceptos con entidades a lo largo de un ‘intervalo temporal’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Concept</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Concetto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">concepto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Configuration -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Configuration">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A collection whose members are &apos;unified&apos;, i.e. organized according to a certain schema that can be represented by a Description.
Typically, a configuration is the collection that emerges out of a composed entity: an industrial artifact, a plan, a discourse, etc.  
E.g. a physical book has a configuration provided by the part-whole schema that holds together its cover, pages, ink. That schema, based on the individual relations between the book and its parts, can be represented in a reified way by means of a (structural) description, which is said to &apos;unify&apos; the book configuration.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una colección cuyos miembros están “unificados”, es decir organizados de acuerdo con un cierto esquema que puede ser representado por un una ‘descripción’. Normalmente, una configuración es la colección que emerge a partir de una entidad compuesta: un artefacto industrial, un plan, un discurso, etc.

Por ejemplo, un libro físico tiene una configuración proporcionada por el esquema parte-todo que abraza juntos su portada, páginas, tinta, etc. Ese esquema, basado en las relaciones individuales entre el libro y sus partes, se puede representar de forma materializada por medio de una descripción (estructural), que se dice “unifica” la configuración del libro.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Configuration</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Configurazione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">configuración</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Contract -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Contract">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">(El contenido de) un acuerdo entre al menos dos agentes que desempeñan el ‘papel’ de ‘partes’, sobre algún objeto del contrato (una tarea a ser ejecutada).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">(The content of) an agreement between at least two agents that play a Party Role, about some contract object (a Task to be executed).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Contract</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Contratto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">contrato</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Description is a SocialObject that represents a conceptualization. 
It can be thought also as a &apos;descriptive context&apos; that uses or defines concepts in order to create a view on a &apos;relational context&apos; (cf. Situation) out of a set of data or observations. 
For example, a Plan is a Description of some actions to be executed by agents in a certain way, with certain parameters; a Diagnosis is a Description that provides an interpretation for a set of observed entities, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una descripción es un ‘objeto social’ que representa una conceptualización. Se puede pensar también como un “contexto descriptivo” que utiliza o define conceptos para crear una vista sobre un “contexto relacional” (consúltese ‘situación’) a partir de un conjunto de datos u observaciones.

Por ejemplo, un ‘plan’ es una ‘descripción’ de algunas acciones a ser ejecutadas por agentes de una determinada manera, con ciertos parámetros. Un ‘diagnóstico’ es una ‘descripción’ que proporciona una interpretación para un conjunto de entidades observadas, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Description</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Descrizione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">descripción</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Design -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Design">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A Description of the Situation, in terms of structure and function, held by an Entity for some reason.
A design is usually accompanied by the rationales behind the construction of the designed Entity (i.e. of the reasons why a design is claimed to be as such). For example, the actual design (a Situation) of a car or of a law is based on both the specification (a Description) of the structure, and the rationales used to construct cars or laws.
While designs typically describe entities to be constructed, they can also be used to describe &apos;refunctionalized&apos; entities, or to hypothesize unknown functions. For example, a cradle can be refunctionalized as a flowerpot based on a certain home design.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘descripción’ de una ‘situación’, en términos de estructura y función, mantenida por una ‘entidad’ por alguna razón. Un diseño está normalmente acompañado por las razones que hay detrás de la construcción de la ‘entidad’ diseñada (es decir, de las razones por las que se afirma que el diseño tiene que ser tal y como es). Por ejemplo, el diseño real (una ‘situación’) de un coche o de una ley está basado tanto en la especificación (una ‘descripción’) de la estructura, y las razones en que se basa la construcción de coches y la elaboración de leyes.

Mientras que los diseños describen normalmente entidades a ser construidas, también se pueden utilizar para describir entidades “refuncionalizadas”, o para hipotetizar funciones desconocidas. Por ejemplo, una cuna puede ser refuncionalizada como una maceta basándose en cierto diseño del hogar.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Design</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Design</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">diseño</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#DesignedArtifact -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#DesignedArtifact">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalArtifact"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDescribedBy"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Design"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A PhysicalArtifact that is also described by a Design. This excludes simple recycling or refunctionalization of natural objects. Most common sense &apos;artifacts&apos; can be included in this class: cars, lamps, houses, chips, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘artefacto físico’ que está descrito por un ‘diseño’. Esto excluye el simple reciclaje o la refuncionalización de objetos naturales. Los “artefactos” en el sentido más común se pueden incluir en esta clase: coches, lámparas, casas, chips, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Artefatto progettato</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Designed artifact</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">artefacto diseñado</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#DesignedSubstance -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#DesignedSubstance">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#DesignedArtifact"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#FunctionalSubstance"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">sustancia diseñada</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Diagnosis -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Diagnosis">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A Description of the Situation of a system, usually applied in order to control a normal behaviour, or to explain a notable behavior (e.g. a functional breakdown).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘descripción’ de la ‘situación’ de un sistema, normalmente aplicada para controlar el normal comportamiento o para explicar un comportamiento anormal (p.ej. una avería funcional).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Diagnosi</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Diagnosis</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">diagnóstico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Abstract"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Anything: real, possible, or imaginary, which some modeller wants to talk about for some purpose.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier cosa: real, posible, o imaginaria, sobre la que algún modelizador quiere hablar por algún motivo.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Entity</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Entità</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">entidad</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParticipant"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasTimeInterval"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any physical, social, or mental process, event, or state.

More theoretically, events can be classified in different ways, possibly based on &apos;aspect&apos; (e.g. stative, continuous, accomplishement, achievement, etc.), on &apos;agentivity&apos; (e.g. intentional, natural, etc.), or on &apos;typical participants&apos; (e.g. human, physical, abstract, food, etc.).
Here no special direction is taken, and the following explains why: events are related to observable situations, and they can have different views at a same time.
If a position has to be suggested here anyway, the participant-based classification of events seems the most stable and appropriate for many modelling problems.

(1) Alternative aspectual views

Consider a same event &apos;rock erosion in the Sinni valley&apos;: it can be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought a certain state to occur), as an achievement (the state resulting from a previous accomplishment), as a punctual event (if we collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as a transition (something that has changed from a state to a different one). 
In the erosion case, we could therefore have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) historical condensation, d) transition (causality).

The different views refer to the same event, but are still different: how to live with this seeming paradox? 
A typical solution e.g. in linguistics (cf. Levin&apos;s aspectual classes) and in DOLCE Full (cf. WonderWeb D18 axiomatization) is to classify events based on aspectual differences. But this solution would create different identities for a same event, where the difference is only based on the modeller&apos;s attitude.
An alternative solution is applied here, and exploits the notion of (observable) Situation; a Situation is a view, consistent with a Description, which can be observed of a set of entities. It can also be seen as a &apos;relational context&apos; created by an observer on the basis of a &apos;frame&apos;. Therefore, a Situation allows to create a context where each particular view can have a proper identity, while the Event preserves its own identity. 
For example, ErosionAsAccomplishment is a Situation where rock erosion is observed as a process leading to a certain achievement: the conditions (roles, parameters) that suggest such view are stated in a Description, which acts as a &apos;theory of accomplishments&apos;. Similarly, ErosionAsTransition is a Situation where rock erosion is observed as an event that has changed a state to another: the conditions for such interpretation are stated in a different Description, which acts as a &apos;theory of state transitions&apos;.
Consider that in no case the actual event is changed or enriched in parts by the aspectual view.

(2) Alternative intentionality views

Similarly to aspectual views, several intentionality views can be provided for a same Event. For example, one can investigate if an avalanche has been caused by immediate natural forces, or if there is any hint of an intentional effort to activate those natural forces.
Also in this case, the Event as such has not different identities, while the causal analysis generates situations with different identities, according to what Description is taken for interpreting the Event. 
On the other hand, if the possible actions of an Agent causing the starting of an avalanche are taken as parts of the Event, then this makes its identity change, because we are adding a part to it. 
Therefore, if intentionality is a criterion to classify events or not, this depends on if an ontology designer wants to consider causality as a relevant dimension for events&apos; identity.

(3) Alternative participant views

A slightly different case is when we consider the basic participants to an Event. In this case, the identity of the Event is affected by the participating objects, because it depends on them. 
For example, if snow, mountain slopes, wind, waves, etc. are considered as an avalanche basic participants, or if we also want to add water, human agents, etc., that makes the identity of an avalanche change.
Anyway, this approach to event classification is based on the designer&apos;s choices, and more accurately mirrors lexical or commonsense classifications (see. e.g. WordNet &apos;supersenses&apos; for verb synsets).

Ultimately, this discussion has no end, because realists will keep defending the idea that events in reality are not changed by the way we describe them, while constructivists will keep defending the idea that, whatever &apos;true reality&apos; is about, it can&apos;t be modelled without the theoretical burden of how we observe and describe it. 
Both positions are in principle valid, but, if taken too radically, they focus on issues that are only partly relevant to the aim of computational ontologies, which only attempt to assist domain experts in representing what they want to conceptualize a certain portion of reality according to their own ideas. 
For this reason, in this ontology both events and situations are allowed, together with descriptions, in order to encode the modelling needs, independently from the position (if any) chosen by the designer.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier proceso, suceso o estado físico, social o mental.

Los eventos se pueden clasificar de diferentes maneras, posiblemente basadas en el “aspecto” (por ejemplo, de estado, continuo, consecución, etc.), en agentividad (por ejemplo, intencional, natural, etc.), o en participantes típicos (por ejemplo, humanos, físicos, abstractos, comida, etc.).

Aquí no se toma ninguna dirección especial, y a continuación se explica por qué: los eventos están relacionados con situaciones observables, y pueden admitir diferentes puntos de vista al mismo tiempo.

Si se tiene que sugerir una posición a toda costa, la clasificación de eventos basada en los participantes parece la más estable y apropiada para muchos problemas de modelización.

(1) Puntos de vista aspectuales alternativos

Considérese un mismo evento ‘erosión de las rocas en la cuenta del río Segura’: se puede conceptualizar como una realización (lo que ha provocado que tenga lugar cierto estado), como una consecución (el estado resultante de una realización anterior), como un suceso puntual (si comprimimos el intervalo de tiempo de la erosión en un punto de tiempo), o como una transición (algo que ha cambiado de un estado a otro diferente).
En el caso de la erosión, podríamos, por tanto, tener buenas razones para cambiar de un aspecto a otro: (a) enfocado hacia la causa, (b) enfocado hacia el efecto, (c) condensación histórica, (d) transición (causalidad).

Las diferentes perspectivas se refieren al mismo evento, pero son todavía diferentes: ¿cómo vivir con semejante paradoja? Una solución típica, por ejemplo, en lingüística (consúltese lo escrito por Levin sobre clases aspectuales) y en DOLCE Full (consúltese la axiomatización del informe D18 del proyecto WonderWeb) es clasificar eventos basándose en diferencias aspectuales. Pero esta solución crearía diferentes entidades para el mismo evento, cuando la diferencia está sólo basada en la actitud de quien realiza la modelización.

Una solución alternativa es la aquí aplicada, que explota la noción de ‘situación’ (observable); una ‘situación’ es una perspectiva, consistente con una ‘descripción’, que puede ser observada, de un conjunto de entidades. Se puede ver también como un ‘contexto relacional’ creado por un observador sobre la base de un &quot;marco&quot;. Por tanto, una ‘situación’ permite crear un contexto donde cada vista particular puede tener una identidad propia, mientras que el ‘evento’ preserva su propia identidad.

Por ejemplo, ‘erosión como realización’ es una situación donde la erosión de las rocas se observa como un proceso que conduce a una cierta consecución: las condiciones (papeles, parámetros) que sugieren tal perspectiva se establecen en una ‘descripción’, que actúa como una “teoría de consecuciones”. Del mismo modo, &apos;erosión como transición&apos; es una &apos;situación&apos; donde la erosión de las rocas se observa como un evento que ha cambiado un estado en otro: las condiciones para tal interpretación se establecen en una &apos;descripción&apos; diferente, que actúa como una &quot;teoría de transiciones de estado&quot;. Hay que tener en cuenta que, en ningún caso, el evento real es cambiado o enriquecido en sus partes por la vista aspectual.

(2) Vistas de intencionalidad alternativa

De forma análoga a las vistas aspectuales, se pueden proporcionar varias vistas intencionales para un mismo &apos;evento&apos;. Por ejemplo, uno puede investigar si una avalancha ha sido causada por fuerzas naturales inmediatas, o si hay algún indicio de un esfuerzo intencional para activar esas fuerzas naturales.

También en este caso, el &apos;evento&apos; como tal no tiene identidades diferentes, mientras que el análisis causal genera situaciones con diferentes identidades, de acuerdo con qué &apos;descripción&apos; se toma para interpretar el &apos;evento&apos;.

Por otra parte, si las acciones posibles de un &apos;agente&apos; que causa el inicio de una avalancha se toman como partes del &apos;evento&apos;, entonces éste hace que la identidad cambie, porque le estamos añadiendo una parte.

Por lo tanto, si la intencionalidad es, o no, un criterio para clasificar eventos depende de si un diseñador de ontologías quiere considerar la causalidad como una dimensión relevante para la identidad de los &apos;eventos&apos;.

(3) Vistas de participante alternativo

Un caso ligeramente diferente se da cuando consideramos los participantes básicos en un &apos;evento&apos;. En este caso, la identidad del &apos;evento&apos; se ve afectada por los objetos participantes, porque depende de ellos. Por ejemplo, si la nieve, las pendientes de las montañas, el viento, las olas, etc. se consideran como participantes básicos de una avalancha, o si queremos añadir el agua, los agentes humanos, etc., la identidad de una avalancha será distinta. 

En cualquier caso, este enfoque de la clasificación de eventos se basa en las decisiones del diseñador, y refleja de forma más precisa las clasificaciones léxicas o de sentido común (véanse, por ejemplo, los &quot;super sentidos&quot; de WordNet para synsets de verbos).

En última instancia, esta discusión no tiene fin, porque el realista mantendrá la idea de que los eventos en realidad no cambian por la forma en que los describimos, mientras que los constructivistas mantendrán la defensa de la idea de que, sea cual sea la &quot;realidad verdadera&quot;, no se puede modelar sin la carga teórica de cómo la observamos y la describimos.

Ambas posiciones son en principio válidas, pero, si se toman con demasiada radicalidad, se centran en cuestiones que son sólo parcialmente relevantes para las ontologías computacionales, las cuales tienen como propósito ayudar a los expertos del dominio a representar lo que que quieren conceptualizar: una cierta porción de la realidad de acuerdo con sus propias ideas.

Por esta razón, en esta ontología, se permiten tanto los eventos como las sitaciones, junto con descripciones, para codificar las necesidades de modelización, independientemente de la posición (en caso de que la haya) elegida por el diseñador.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Event</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Evento</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">evento</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#EventType -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#EventType">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept that classifies an Event . An event type describes how an Event should be interpreted, executed, expected, seen, etc., according to the Description that the EventType isDefinedIn (or used in)</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un concepto que clasifica un ‘evento’. Un tipo de evento describe cómo se debería interpretar, ejecutar, esperar, ver, etc. un ‘evento’, de acuerdo con la ‘descripción’ en la que el ‘tipo de evento’ en el que está definida (‘está definido en’).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Event type</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Tipo di evento</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tipo de evento</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#FormalEntity -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#FormalEntity">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Abstract"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Entidad que está formalmente definida y se considera independiente del contexto social en el que se utiliza. No se puede localizar ni en el espacio o en el tiempo. Las entidades formales también se llaman ‘entidades platónicas’. Las entidades matemáticas y lógicas están incluidas en esta clase: conjuntos, categorías, tuplas, constantes, variables, etc.

Las entidades formales abstractas son distintas de los objetos de información, que se supone son partes de contextos sociales, y están localizados en el espacio y en el tiempo, por tanto, son objetos (sociales). Por ejemplo, la clase ‘quark’ es una entidad formal abstracta cuando es tratada desde una perspectiva puramente matemática, pero es un objeto de información desde el punto de vista del diseño de ontologías, cuando, por ejemplo, se implementa en un lenguaje lógico como OWL.

Las entidades formales abstractas son también diferentes de los ‘concepto’(s), ‘colección’(es) y ‘descripción’(es), que son partes de un contexto social, por tanto, son, asimismo, ‘objeto(s) sociale(s)’. Por ejemplo, la clase ‘quark’ es un ‘concepto’ dentro de la historia de la ciencia y la dinámica cultural.

Estas distinciones permiten representar dos nociones diferentes de semántica: la primera es abstracta y formal (“semántica formal”), e interpreta formalmente símbolos que se refieren a entidades cualesquiera; por ejemplo, el término ‘quark’ se refiere a ‘colección’ de todos los quarks, y esa colección es la base formal de la clase abstracta ‘quark’ (en sentido extensional). La segunda noción es social, localizada en el espacio-tiempo (“semántica social”), y se puede utilizar para interpretar entidades en el sentido intensional. Por ejemplo, la ‘colección’ de todos lo quarks está cubierta por el concepto ‘quark’, que también viene expresado por el término “quark”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Entities that are formally defined and are considered independent from the social context in which they are used. They cannot be localized in space or time. Also called &apos;Platonic entities&apos;.
Mathematical and logical entities are included in this class: sets, categories, tuples, costants, variables, etc.
Abstract formal entities are distinguished from information objects, which are supposed to be part of a social context, and are localized in space and time, therefore being (social) objects.
For example, the class &apos;Quark&apos; is an abstract formal entity from the purely set-theoretical perspective, but it is an InformationObject from the viewpoint of ontology design, when e.g. implemented in a logical language like OWL.
Abstract formal entities are also distinguished from Concept(s), Collection(s), and Description(s), which are part of a social context, therefore being SocialObject(s) as well.
For example, the class &apos;Quark&apos; is an abstract FormalEntity from the purely set-theoretical perspective, but it is a Concept within history of science and cultural dynamics.

These distinctions allow to represent two different notions of &apos;semantics&apos;: the first one is abstract and formal (&apos;formal semantics&apos;), and formallyInterprets symbols that are about entities whatsoever; for example, the term &apos;Quark&apos; isAbout the Collection of all quarks, and that Collection isFormalGroundingFor the abstract class &apos;Quark&apos; (in the extensional sense). 
The second notion is social, localized in space-time (&apos;social semantics&apos;), and can be used to interpret entities in the intensional sense. For example, the Collection of all quarks isCoveredBy the Concept &apos;Quark&apos;, which is also expressed by the term &apos;Quark&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Entità formale astratta</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Formal entity</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">entidad formal</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#FunctionalSubstance -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#FunctionalSubstance">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Substance"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Functional substance</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">sustancia funcional</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Goal -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Goal">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">La ‘descripción’ de una ‘situación’ deseada por un ‘agente’, y normalmente asociada a un ‘plan’ que describe cómo alcanzarla realmente.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">The Description of a Situation that is desired by an Agent, and usually associated to a Plan that describes how to actually achieve it</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Goal</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Scopo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">meta</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Group -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Group">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#CollectiveAgent"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#conceptualizes"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialRelation"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:allValuesFrom>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A CollectiveAgent whose acting agents conceptualize a same SocialRelation .</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘agente colectivo’ cuyos agentes activos conceptualizan una misma ‘relación social’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Group</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Gruppo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">grupo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationEntity -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationEntity">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A piece of information, be it concretely realized or not.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una pieza de información, esté materializada o no.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">entidad de información</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationEntity"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRealizedBy"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#expresses"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A piece of information, such as a musical composition, a text, a word, a picture, independently from how it is concretely realized.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una pieza de información, como puede ser una composición musical, un texto, una palabra, una fotografía, independientemente de cómo está materializada.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Information object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Oggetto informativo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">objeto de información</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationRealization">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <owl:Class>
                        <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                            <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
                            <owl:Class>
                                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
                                    <owl:Restriction>
                                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasParticipant"/>
                                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
                                    </owl:Restriction>
                                </owl:intersectionOf>
                            </owl:Class>
                        </owl:unionOf>
                    </owl:Class>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizes"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationEntity"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#concretelyExpresses"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#realizes"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A concrete realization of an InformationObject, e.g. the written document containing the text of a law.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una realización concreta de un ‘objeto de información’, por ejemplo, el documento escrito que contiene el texto de una ley.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Information realization</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Informazione concreta</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">materialización de información</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#LocalConcept -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#LocalConcept">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDefinedIn"/>
                        <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept that isDefinedIn exactly 1 Description. For example, the Concept &apos;coffee&apos; in a &apos;preparesCoffee&apos; relation can be defined in that relation, and for all other Description(s) that use it, the isConceptUsedIn property should be applied. Notice therefore that not necessarily all Concept(s) isDefinedIn exactly 1 Description.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘concepto’ que ‘está definido en’ exactamente 1 ‘descripción’. Por ejemplo, el ‘concepto’ “café” en la relación ‘prepara café’ se puede definir en esa relación, y para todas las demás ‘descripción’(es) que lo utilizan, se debería aplicar la propiedad ‘es concepto utilizado en’. Nótese, por tanto, que no todos los ‘concepto’(s) ‘están definidos en’ exactamente 1 ‘descripción’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Local concept</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">concepto local</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Method -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Method">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A method is a Description that defines or uses concepts in order to guide carrying out actions aimed at a solution with respect to a problem. 
It is different from a Plan, because plans could be carried out in order to follow a method, but a method can be followed by executing alternative plans.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un método es una ‘descripción’ que define o utiliza conceptos para guiar la realización de acciones dirigidas a una solución con respecto a un problema.

Es diferente de un ‘plan’, porque se podrían llevar a cabo diferentes planes siguiendo un método, y un método puede ser seguido por la ejecución de planes alternativos</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Method</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Metodo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">método</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Narrative -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Narrative">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Narrative</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">narración</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#NaturalPerson -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#NaturalPerson">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Person"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A person in the physical commonsense intuition: &apos;have you seen that person walking down the street?&apos;</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una persona según la intuición de sentido común física: “¿has visto esa persona caminando por la calle?”</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Natural person</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Persona fisica</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">persona natural</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Norm -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Norm">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A social norm.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una norma social.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Norm</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Norma</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">norma</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasLocation"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isParticipantIn"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isClassifiedBy"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any physical, social, or mental object, or a substance. Following DOLCE Full, objects are always participating in some event (at least their own life), and are spatially located.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier objeto físico, social o mental, o una sustancia. De acuerdo con DOLCE Full, los objetos están siempre participando en algún evento (al menos su propia vida), y están espacialmente localizados.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Oggetto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">objeto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Organism -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Organism">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#BiologicalObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A physical objects with biological characteristics, typically that organisms can self-reproduce.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un objeto físico con características biológicas. Normalmente dicho organismo puede auto-reproducirse.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Organism</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Organismo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">organismo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Organization -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Organization">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An internally structured, conventionally created SocialAgent, needing a specific Role and Agent that plays it, in order to act.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="it">Un agente sociale strutturato internamente e creato convenzionalmente. Per agire, ha bisogno di ruoli e agenti che li ricoprano.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘agente social’ internamente estructurado, convencionalmente creado, que necesita un ‘papel’ específico y un ‘agente’ que lo juegue, para actuar.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Organization</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Organizzazione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">organización</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept that classifies a Region; the difference between a Region and a Parameter is that regions represent sets of observable values, e.g. the height  of a given building, while parameters represent constraints or selections on observable values, e.g. &apos;VeryHigh&apos;. Therefore, parameters can also be used to constrain regions, e.g. VeryHigh on a subset of values of the Region Height applied to buildings, or to add an external selection criterion , such as measurement units, to regions, e.g. Meter on a subset of values from the Region Length applied to the Region Length applied to roads.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘concepto’ que clasifica una ‘región’. La diferencia entre una ‘región’ y un ‘parámetro’ es que las regiones representan conjuntos de valores observables, por ejemplo, la altura de un edificio dado, mientras que los parámetros representan restricciones o selecciones sobre los valores observables, por ejemplo, ‘muy alto’. Por lo tanto, los parámetros también se pueden utilizar para restringir regiones, p.ej., ‘muy alto’ a un conjunto de valores de la ‘región’ que sean altos aplicado a edificios, o añadir un criterio de selección externa, tal como unidades de medida, a regiones, p.ej. ‘metro’ a un subconjunto de valores de la ‘región’ ‘longitud’ aplicados a la ‘región’ ‘longitud’ aplicado a carreteras.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Parameter</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Parametro</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">parámetro</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Pattern -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Pattern">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Relation"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Any invariance detected from a dataset, or from observation; also, any invariance proposed based on top-down considerations.
E.g. patterns detected and abstracted by an organism, by pattern recognition algorithms, by machine learning techniques, etc.
An occurrence of a pattern is an &apos;observable&apos;, or detected Situation</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier invariante detectada a partir de un conjunto de datos, o a partir de una observación. También cualquier invariante propuesta basada en consideraciones top-down.

P.ej. los patrones detectados y abstraídos por un organismo, por algoritmos de reconocimiento de patrones, por técnicas de aprendizaje automático, etc.

Una ocurrencia de un patrón es un “observable”, o ‘situación’ detectada.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Pattern</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">patrón</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Person -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Person">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#NaturalPerson"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialPerson"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Persona según la intuición de sentido común, que no distingue aparentemente entre persona natural y persona social.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Persons in commonsense intuition, which does not apparently distinguish between either natural or social persons.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Person</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Persona {it}</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">persona</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Personification -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Personification">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A social entity with agentive features, but whose status is the result of a cultural transformation from e.g. a PhysicalObject, an Event, an Abstract, another SocialObject, etc. For example: the holy grail, deus ex machina, gods, magic wands, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Entidad social con características agentivas, pero cuyo estatus es el resultado de una transformación cultural de, por ejemplo, un ‘objeto físico’, un ‘evento’, una ‘entidad abstracta’, otro ‘agente social’, etc. Algunos casos son: deus ex machina, dioses paganos, varitas mágicas, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Personification</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">personificación</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAgent -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAgent">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#conceptualizes"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A PhysicalObject that is capable of self-representing (conceptualizing) a Description in order to plan an Action. 
A PhysicalAgent is a substrate for (actsFor) a Social Agent</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘objeto físico’ que es capaz de auto-representar (conceptualizar) una ‘descripción’ para planear una ‘acción’.

Un ‘agente físico’ es un sustrato de (‘actúa para’) un agente social.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Agente fisico</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Physical agent</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">agente físico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalArtifact -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalArtifact">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isDescribedBy"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any PhysicalObject that isDescribedBy a Plan .
This axiomatization is weak, but allows to talk of artifacts in a very general sense, i.e. including recycled objects, objects with an intentional functional change, natural objects that are given a certain function, even though they are not modified or structurally designed, etc. PhysicalArtifact(s) are not considered disjoint from PhysicalBody(s), in order to allow a dual classification when needed. E.g.,
FunctionalSubstance(s) are included here as well.
Immaterial (non-physical) artifacts (e.g. texts, ideas, cultural movements, corporations, communities, etc. can be modelled as social objects (see SocialObject), which are all &apos;artifactual&apos; in the weak sense assumed here.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier objeto que ‘está descrito por’ un ‘plan’.

Esta axiomatización es débil, pero permite hablar de artefactos en un sentido muy general, es decir, incluyendo objetos reciclados, objetos con un cambio funcional intencional, objetos naturales a los que se les otorga una determinada función, aunque no estén modificados ni diseñados estructuralmente, etc. ‘Artefacto físico’ no se considera disyunto con ‘cuerpo físico’, para permitir una clasificación dual cuando se necesite. Por ejemplo, ‘sustancia funcional’ está también aquí incluida. Los artefactos inmateriales (no físicos), por ejemplo, textos, ideas, movimientos culturales, empresas, comunidades, etc. se pueden modelar como objetos sociales (véase también ‘objeto social’), que son “artefactuales” en el sentido débil aquí asumido.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Artefatto fisico</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Physical artifact</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">artefacto físico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAttribute -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAttribute">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpaceRegion"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Physical value of a physical object, e.g. density, color, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Valor físico de un objeto físico, por ejemplo, densidad, color, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Caratteristica fisica</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Physical attribute</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">atributo físico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalBody -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalBody">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Physical bodies are PhysicalObject(s), for which we tend to neutralize any possible artifactual character. They can have several granularity levels: geological, chemical, physical, biological, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un cuerpo físico es un objeto físico para el que tendemos a neutralizar cualquier posible carácter artefactual. Pueden tener varios niveles de granularidad: geológico, químico, físico, biológico, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Physical body</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">cuerpo físico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any Object that has a proper space region. The prototypical physical object has also an associated mass, but the nature of its mass can greatly vary based on the epistemological status of the object (scientifically measured, subjectively possible, imaginary).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier ‘objeto’ que tiene una región del espacio propia. El prototipo de objeto físico tiene también una masa asociada, pero la naturaleza de su masa puede variar enormemente según el estatus epistemológico del objeto (medido científicamente, posible subjetivamente, imaginario).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Oggetto fisico</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Physical object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">objeto físico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalPlace -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalPlace">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalObject"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A physical object that is inherently located; for example, a water area.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un objeto físico que está inherentemente localizado; por ejemplo, un área de agua.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Luogo fisico</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Physical place</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">lugar físico</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Place -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Place">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isLocationOf"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A location, in a very generic sense: a political geographic entity (Roma, Lesotho), a non-material location determined by the presence of other entities (&quot;the area close to Roma&quot;), pivot events or signs (&quot;the area where the helicopter fell&quot;), complements of other entities (&quot;the area under the table&quot;), etc. 
In this generic sense, a Place is an &quot;approximate&quot; location. For an &quot;absolute&quot; location, see the class SpaceRegion</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una localización, en un sentido muy genérico: una entidad geográfica política (Madrid, Costa Rica), una localización no material determinada por la presencia de otras entidades (“el área cercana a Madrid”), eventos o signos pivote (“el área donde calló el el helicóptero”), complementos de otras entidades “el área debajo de la mesa”), etc.

En este sentido genérico, un ‘lugar’ es una localización “aproximada”. Para una localización “absoluta”, véase la clase ‘región del espacio’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Luogo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Place</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">lugar</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasComponent"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Goal"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A Description having an explicit Goal, to be achieved by executing the plan</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘descripción’ que tiene una ‘meta’ explícita para ser alcanzada mediante la ejecución del plan.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Piano</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Plan</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">plan</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PlanExecution -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PlanExecution">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#satisfies"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Las ejecuciones de planes son situaciones que satisfacen proactivamente un plan. Ejecuciones de subplanes son partes propias de la ejecución del plan completo.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Plan executions are situations that proactively satisfy a plan. Subplan executions are proper parts of the whole plan execution.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Esecuzione di piano</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Plan execution</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">ejecución de plan</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Process -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Process">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Es un marcador de posición para eventos que se consideran en su evolución, o, en cualquier caso, no estrictamente dependientes de agentes, tareas y planes.

Véase la clase ‘evento’ para algunas reflexiones sobre clasificación de eventos. Véase también ‘transición’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">This is a placeholder for events that are considered in their evolution, or anyway not strictly dependent on agents, tasks, and plans. 
See Event class for some thoughts on classifying events. See also &apos;Transition&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Process</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Processo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">proceso</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Project -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Project">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">3</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A Plan that defines Role(s), Task(s), and a specific structure for tasks to be executed in relation to goals to be achieved, in order to achieve the main goal of the project. In other words, a project is a plan with a subgoal structure and multiple roles and tasks.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘plan’ que define papeles, tareas, y una estructura específica para las tareas a ser ejecutadas en relación con las metas a ser alcanzadas, a fin de alcanzar la meta principal del proyecto. En otras palabras, un proyecto es un plan con una estructura de submetas y múltiples papeles y tareas.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Progetto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Project</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">proyecto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasRegion"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isQualityOf"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Entity"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any aspect of an Entity (but not a part of it), which cannot exist without that Entity. For example, the way the surface of a specific PhysicalObject looks like, or the specific light of a place at a certain time, are examples of Quality, while the encoding of a Quality into e.g. a PhysicalAttribute should be modeled as a Region. 
From the design viewpoint, the Quality-Region distinction is useful only when individual aspects of an Entity are considered in a domain of discourse. 
For example, in an automotive context, it would be irrelevant to consider the aspects of car windows for a specific car, unless the factory wants to check a specific window against design parameters (anomaly detection). 
On the other hand, in an antiques context, the individual aspects for a specific piece of furniture are a major focus of attention, and may constitute the actual added value, because the design parameters for old furniture are often not fixed, and may not be viewed as &apos;anomalies&apos;.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier aspecto de una ‘entidad’ (pero no una parte de ella), que no puede existir sin esa ‘entidad’. Por ejemplo, la apariencia de la superficie de un ‘objeto físico’ específico, o la luz específica de un lugar en un determinado momento, son ejemplos de cualidad. La codificación de una ‘cualidad’ en, por ejemplo, un ‘atributo físico’ se debería modelar como una ‘región’. Desde el punto de vista del diseño, la distinción región-cualidad es útil sólo cuando se consideran un dominio del discurso aspectos individuales de una ‘entidad’. Por ejemplo, en el contexto de la automoción, sería irrelevante considerar los aspectos de las ventanas del coche para un coche específico, a menos que la fábrica quisiera comprobar una ventana específica frente a una serie de parámetros de diseño con el propósito de detectar anomalías. Por otra parte, en el contexto de las antigüedades, los aspectos individuales para una pieza específica de un mueble son el mayor foco de atención, y puede constituir el valor añadido real, porque los parámetros de diseño para los muebles antiguos a menudo no están fijados, y pueden no ser vistos como “anomalías”.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Quality</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Qualità</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">cualidad</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Abstract"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Quality"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#overlaps"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#precedes"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any region in a dimensional space (a dimensional space is a maximal Region), which can be used as a value for a quality of an Entity . For example, TimeInterval, SpaceRegion, PhysicalAttribute, Amount, SocialAttribute are all subclasses of Region. 
Regions are not data values in the ordinary knowledge representation sense; in order to get patterns for modelling data, see the property hasDataValue.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier región en un espacio dimensional (un espacio dimensional es una región maximal), que se puede utilizar como un valor para una cantidad de una entidad. Por ejemplo, ‘intervalo de tiempo’, ‘región del espacio’, ‘atributo físico’, ‘cantidad’, o ‘atributo social’ son todas subclases de región.

Las regiones no son valores de datos en el sentido ordinario de la representación del conocimiento; para obtener patrones para la modelización de datos, véanse las propiedades: ‘representa valor’ y ‘tiene valor’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Region</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Regione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">región</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Relation -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Relation">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Las relaciones son descripciones que se pueden considerar como las homólogas de las relaciones formales (que están incluidas en la clase ‘entidad formal’).

Por ejemplo, ‘darSubvenciónAInstitución(x, y, z)’ con tres tipos de argumentos: Proveedor(x), Subvención(y), Receptor(z), puede tener una relación homóloga: ‘dar subvención a institución’, que define tres instancias de ‘concepto’: ‘proveedor’, ‘subvención’ y ‘receptor’.

Dado que los objetos sociales no son entidades formales, ‘relación’ incluye aquí cualquier entidad al estilo de relación según el sentido común, incluyendo relaciones sociales.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Relations are descriptions that can be considered as the counterpart of formal relations (that are included in the FormalEntity class).
For example, &apos;givingGrantToInstitution(x,y,z)&apos; with three argument types: Provider(x),Grant(y),Recipient(z), can have a Relation counterpart: &apos;GivingGrantToInstitution&apos;, which defines three Concept instances: Provider,Grant,Recipient.
Since social objects are not formal entities, Relation includes here any &apos;relation-like&apos; entity in common sense, including social relations.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Relation</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Relazione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">relación</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Right -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Right">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#definesRole"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">2</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#definesTask"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A legal position by which an Agent is entitled to obtain something from another Agent , under specified circumstances, through an enforcement explicited either in a Law, Contract , etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una posición legal por la cual un ‘agente’ está habilitado para obtener algo de otro ‘agente’, bajo unas circunstancias especificadas, a través de la aplicación explicitada bien sea de una ‘ley’, ‘contrato’, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Diritto</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Right</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">derecho</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#classifies"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Concept that classifies an Object</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un concepto que clasifica un objeto.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Role</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Ruolo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">papel</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">role</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Set -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Set">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#FormalEntity"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Insieme {it}</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Set</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">conjunto</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#satisfies"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A view, consistent with (&apos;satisfying&apos;) a Description, on a set of entities. 
It can also be seen as a &apos;relational context&apos; created by an observer on the basis of a &apos;frame&apos; (i.e. a Description). 
For example, a PlanExecution is a context including some actions executed by agents according to certain parameters and expected tasks to be achieved from a Plan; a DiagnosedSituation is a context of observed entities that is interpreted on the basis of a Diagnosis, etc.
Situation is also able to represent reified n-ary relations, where isSettingFor is the top-level relation for all binary projections of the n-ary relation. If used in a transformation pattern for n-ary relations, the designer should take care of creating only one subclass of Situation for each n-ary relation, otherwise the &apos;identification constraint&apos; (Calvanese et al., IJCAI 2001) could be violated.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una vista, consistente en (que satisface) una ‘descripción’, sobre un conjunto de entidades. También se puede ver como un “contexto relacional” creado por un observador sobre la base de un “marco” (es decir, una ‘descripción’). Por ejemplo, una ‘ejecución de un plan’ es un contexto que incluye algunas acciones ejecutadas por agentes de acuerdo con ciertos parámetros y tareas esperadas a ser realizadas mediante un ‘plan’; una ‘situación diagnosticada’ es un contexto de entidades observadas que se interpreta sobre la base de un ‘diagnóstico’, etc. La clase ‘situación’ puede también representar relaciones n-arias reificadas. Si se usa en un patrón de transformación para relaciones n-arias, el diseñador debería tener cuidado de crear sólo una subclase de ‘situación’ para cada relación n-aria, de otro modo, la “restricción de identificación” (Calvanese et al., IJCAI 2001) podría ser violada.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Situation</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Situazione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">situación</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Agent"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalAgent"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any individual whose existence is granted simply by its social communicability and capability of action (through some PhysicalAgent).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier individuo cuya existencia se da por sentada simplemente por su comunicabilidad y capacidad de acción (a través de algún ‘agente físico’).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Agente sociale</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Social agent</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">agente social</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Concept"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Place"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExpressedBy"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#InformationObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any Object that exists only within some communication Event, in which at least one PhysicalObject participates in. 
In other words, all objects that have been or are created in the process of social communication: for the sake of communication (InformationObject), for incorporating new individuals (SocialAgent, Place), for contextualizing existing entities (Situation), for collecting existing entities (Collection), or for describing existing entities (Description, Concept).
Being dependent on communication, all social objects need to be expressed by some information object (information object are self-expressing).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier ‘objeto’ que existe sólo dentro de algún ‘evento’ de comunicación, en que al menos participa un ‘objeto físico’.

En otras palabras, todos los objetos que han sido o son creados en el proceso de comunicación social: en beneficio de la comunicación (‘objeto de información’), para incorporar nuevos individuos (agente social, lugar), para conceptualizar entidades existentes (‘situación), para recopilación de entidades existentes (‘colección’), o para describir entidades existentes (‘descripción’, ‘concepto’).

Al ser dependientes de la comunicación, todos los agentes sociales necesitan estar expresados por medio de algún objeto de información (los objetos de información están auto-expresados).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Oggetto sociale</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Social object</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">objeto social</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObjectAttribute -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObjectAttribute">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialObject"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any Region in a dimensional space that is used to represent some characteristic of a SocialObject, e.g. judgment values, social scalars, statistical attributes over a collection of entities, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier región de un espacio dimensional que se utiliza para representar alguna característica de un ‘objeto social’, por ejemplo atributos estadísticos sobre una colección de entidades, etc.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Caratteristica sociale</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Social attribute</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">atributo social</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialPerson -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialPerson">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Person"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialAgent"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#actsThrough"/>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A SocialAgent that needs the existence of a specific NaturalPerson in order to act (but the lifetime of the NaturalPerson has only to overlap that of the SocialPerson).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘agente social’ que necesita de la existencia de una ‘persona natural’ para actuar (sin embargo, el tiempo de vida de la ‘persona natural’ tiene sólo un solape con el de la ‘persona social’).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Persona sociale</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Social person</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">persona social</rdfs:label>
        <owl:versionInfo xml:lang="es">Anteriormente: &apos;persona&apos; (se ha cambiado para evitar confusión con la intuición de sentido común).</owl:versionInfo>
        <owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Formerly: Person (changed to avoid confusion with commonsense intuition)</owl:versionInfo>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialRelation -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SocialRelation">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Relation"/>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Any social relationship</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier vínculo social.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Relazione sociale</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Social relation</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">relación social</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpaceRegion -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpaceRegion">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isRegionFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Object"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any Region in a dimensional space that is used to localize an Entity ; i.e., it is not used to represent some characteristic (e.g. it excludes time intervals, colors, size values, judgment values, etc.). Differently from a Place , a space region has a specific dimensional space.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier región en un espacio dimensional que se utiliza para localizar una ‘entidad’; es decir, no se utiliza para representar alguna característica (por ejemplo, excluye intervalos de tiempo, colores, valores de tamaño, etc.). A diferencia de ‘lugar’, una región del espacio tiene un espacio dimensional específico.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Regione di spazio</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Space region</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">región del espacio</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpatioTemporalRegion -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpatioTemporalRegion">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#SpaceRegion"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasConstituent"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">región espacio-temporal</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Substance -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Substance">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PhysicalBody"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any PhysicalBody that has not necessarily specified (designed) boundaries, e.g. a pile of trash, some sand, etc. 
In this sense, an artistic object made of trash or a dose of medicine in the form of a pill would be a FunctionalSubstance, and a DesignedArtifact, since its boundaries are specified by a Design; aleatoric objects that are outcomes of an artistic process might be still considered DesignedArtifact(s), and Substance(s).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier ‘cuerpo físico’ que no tiene necesariamente límites especificados (diseñados), por ejemplo, una pila de basura, algo de arena, etc.

En este sentido, un objeto artístico hecho de basura, o una dosis de medicina en forma de una píldora será una ‘sustancia funcional’, y un ‘artefacto diseñado’, desde el momento en que sus límites están especificados a través de un ‘diseño’. Un objeto aleatorio que es el resultado de un proceso artístico se pueden considerar todavía ‘artefacto diseñado’ y una ‘sustancia’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Sostanza</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Substance</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">sustancia</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#EventType"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasPart"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isExecutedIn"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Action"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskDefinedIn"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTaskOf"/>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An EventType that classifies an Action to be executed. 
For example, reaching a destination is a task that can be executed by performing certain actions, e.g. driving a car, buying a train ticket, etc. 
The actions to execute a task can also be organized according to a Plan that is not the same as the one that defines the task (if any). 
For example, reaching a destination could be defined by a plan to get on holidays, while the plan to execute the task can consist of putting some travels into a sequence.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘tipo de evento’ que clasifica una ‘acción’ a ser ejecutada.

Por ejemplo, alcanzar un destino es una tarea que puede ser ejecutada realizando ciertas acciones, como puede ser, conduciendo un coche, comprando un billete de tren, etc.

Las acciones para ejecutar una tarea se pueden organizar también de acuerdo con un ‘plan’ que no es el mismo que el que define la tarea (si es que lo define).

Por ejemplo, alcanzar un destino podría estar definido por un plan de coger vacaciones, mientras que el plan para ejecutar la tarea puede consistir en poner algunos desplazamientos en secuencia.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Task</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Task</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">tarea</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Theory -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Theory">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Description"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#hasComponent"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Relation"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A Theory is a Description that represents a set of assumptions for describing something, usually general. Scientific, philosophical, and commonsense theories can be included here.
This class can also be used to act as &apos;naturalized reifications&apos; of logical theories (of course, they will be necessarily incomplete in this case, because second-order entities are represented as first-order ones).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘teoría’ es una ‘descripción’ que representa</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una ‘teoría’ es una ‘descripción’ que representa un conjunto de supuestos para describir algo, normalmente general. Se pueden incluir aquí las teorías científicas, filosóficas y de sentido común.

Esta clase también se puede utilizar para actuar como “materializaciones naturalizadas” de teorías lógicas (por supuesto, serán necesariamente incompletas en este caso, porque las entidades de segundo orden están representadas como entidades de primer orden).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Teoria</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Theory</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">teoría</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TimeInterval">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isTimeIntervalOf"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Event"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Any Region in a dimensional space that aims at representing time.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Cualquier ‘región’ en un espacio dimensional para representar tiempo.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Intervallo di tempo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Time interval</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">intervalo de tiempo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Transition -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Transition">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Process"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Situation"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesEvent"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">2</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesObject"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#includesTime"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">3</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#isSettingFor"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">8</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A transition is a Situation that creates a context for three TimeInterval(s), two additional different Situation(s), one Event, one Process, and at least one Object: the Event is observed as the cause for the transition, one Situation is the state before the transition, the second Situation is the state after the transition, the Process is the invariance under some different transitions (including the one represented here), in which at least one Object is situated. Finally, the time intervals position the situations and the transitional event in time.
This class of situations partly encodes the ontology underlying typical engineering algebras for processes, e.g. Petri Nets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una transición es una ‘situación’ que crea un contexto para tres ‘intervalo(s) de tiempo’, dos ‘situación’(es), un ‘evento’, un ‘proceso’, y al menos un ‘objeto’: el ‘evento’ se observa como la causa para la transición, una ‘situación’ es el estado antes de la transición, la segunda ‘situación’ es el estado después de la transición, el ‘proceso’ es la invariante bajo algunas transiciones diferentes (incluyendo la que se representa aquí), en la cual se sitúa al menos un ‘objeto’. Finalmente, los intervalos de tiempo posicionan las situaciones y el evento de la transición en el tiempo. Esta clase de situaciones codifica parcialmente la ontología subyacente en las álgebras de ingeniería para procesos, por ejemplo, las redes de Petri.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Transition</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Transizione</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">transición</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TypeCollection -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#TypeCollection">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Collection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A Collection whose members are the maximal set of individuals that share the same (named) type, e.g. &quot;the gem stones&quot;, &quot;the Italians&quot;.
This class is very useful to apply a variety of the so-called &quot;ClassesAsValues&quot; design pattern, when it is used to talk about the extensional aspect of a class. An alternative variety of the pattern applies to the intensional aspect of a class, and the class Concept should be used instead.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Una colección cuyos miembros son el conjunto maximal de individuos que comparten el mismo tipo (nombrado), por ejemplo, “las gemas”, “los españoles”.

Esta clase es muy útil para aplicar una variedad de los patrones de diseño denominados ‘clases como valores’, cuando se usan para hablar sobre el aspecto extensional de una clase. Una variedad alternativa del patrón aplica al aspecto intensional de una clase, y se debería utilizar en su lugar la clase ‘concepto’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Collezione di un tipo</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Type collection</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">colección de un tipo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#UnitOfMeasure -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#UnitOfMeasure">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Parameter"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#parametrizes"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Region"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Las unidades de medida se conceptualizan aquí como parámetros sobre regiones, que pueden ser evaluados como valores de tipos de datos.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Units of measure are conceptualized here as parameters on regions, which can be valued as datatype values.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Unit of measure</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Unità di misura</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">unidad de medida</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Workflow -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Workflow">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Plan"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Role"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Task"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#defines"/>
                <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">3</owl:minCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A Plan that defines Role(s), Task(s), and a specific structure for tasks to be executed, usually supporting the work of an Organization</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="es">Un ‘plan’ que define papeles, tareas, y una estructura para las tareas a ser ejecutadas, normalmente proporcionando soporte al trabajo de una ‘organización’.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Workflow</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Workflow</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">flujo de trabajo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#WorkflowExecution -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#WorkflowExecution">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PlanExecution"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#satisfies"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#Workflow"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es#PlanExecution"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/def/dul-es"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="it">Esecuzione di workflow</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Workflow execution</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="es">ejecución de flujo de trabajo</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>
</rdf:RDF>



<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 4.2.6.20160910-2108) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi -->