Catch-up after Federation Outage (bonus): Catch-up on Synapse Startup

changelog.d/8230.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix messages over federation being lost until an event is sent into the same room.

changelog.d/8247.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix messages over federation being lost until an event is sent into the same room.

changelog.d/8258.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix messages over federation being lost until an event is sent into the same room.

changelog.d/8322.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix messages over federation being lost until an event is sent into the same room.

synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py

@@ -55,6 +55,15 @@
     "Total number of PDUs queued for sending across all destinations",
 )
 
+# Time (in s) after Synapse's startup that we will begin to wake up destinations
+# that have catch-up outstanding.
+CATCH_UP_WAKE_AFTER_SYNAPSE_STARTUP_DELAY_SEC = 15
+
+# Time (in s) waited in between waking up each destination, i.e. one destination
+# will be woken up every <x> seconds after Synapse's startup until we have woken
+# every destination has outstanding catch-up.
+CATCH_UP_WAKE_AFTER_SYNAPSE_STARTUP_INTERVAL_SEC = 5
+
 
 class FederationSender:
     def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
@@ -125,6 +134,14 @@ def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
             1000.0 / hs.config.federation_rr_transactions_per_room_per_second
         )
 
+        # wake up destinations that have outstanding PDUs to be caught up
+        self._catchup_after_startup_timer = self.clock.call_later(
+            CATCH_UP_WAKE_AFTER_SYNAPSE_STARTUP_DELAY_SEC,
+            run_as_background_process,
+            "wake_destinations_needing_catchup",
+            self._wake_destinations_needing_catchup,
+        )
+
     def _get_per_destination_queue(self, destination: str) -> PerDestinationQueue:
         """Get or create a PerDestinationQueue for the given destination
 
@@ -560,3 +577,35 @@ async def get_replication_rows(
         # Dummy implementation for case where federation sender isn't offloaded
         # to a worker.
         return [], 0, False
+
+    async def _wake_destinations_needing_catchup(self):
+        """
+        Wakes up destinations that need catch-up and are not currently being
+        backed off from.
+        Does so in a slow way (one every 5 seconds) to reduce load spikes.
+        """
+
+        last_processed = None  # type: Optional[str]
+
+        while True:
+            destinations_to_wake = await self.store.get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations(
+                last_processed
+            )
+
+            if not destinations_to_wake:
+                # finished waking all destinations!
+                break
+
+            for destination in destinations_to_wake:
+                if self._federation_shard_config.should_handle(
+                    self._instance_name, destination
+                ):
+                    last_processed = destination
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Destination %s has outstanding catch-up, waking up.",
+                        destination,
+                    )
+                    self.wake_destination(destination)
+                    await self.clock.sleep(
+                        CATCH_UP_WAKE_AFTER_SYNAPSE_STARTUP_INTERVAL_SEC
+                    )

synapse/storage/databases/main/transactions.py

@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ def _set_destination_retry_timings(
                         retry_interval = EXCLUDED.retry_interval
                     WHERE
                         EXCLUDED.retry_interval = 0
+                        OR destinations.retry_interval IS NULL
                         OR destinations.retry_interval < EXCLUDED.retry_interval
             """
 
@@ -249,7 +250,11 @@ def _set_destination_retry_timings(
                     "retry_interval": retry_interval,
                 },
             )
-        elif retry_interval == 0 or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval:
+        elif (
+            retry_interval == 0
+            or prev_row["retry_interval"] is None
+            or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval
+        ):
             self.db_pool.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "destinations",
@@ -397,7 +402,7 @@ async def get_catch_up_room_event_ids(
 
     @staticmethod
     def _get_catch_up_room_event_ids_txn(
-        txn, destination: str, last_successful_stream_ordering: int,
+        txn: LoggingTransaction, destination: str, last_successful_stream_ordering: int,
     ) -> List[str]:
         q = """
                 SELECT event_id FROM destination_rooms
@@ -412,3 +417,59 @@ def _get_catch_up_room_event_ids_txn(
         )
         event_ids = [row[0] for row in txn]
         return event_ids
+
+    async def get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations(
+        self, after_destination: Optional[str]
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """
+        Gets at most 25 destinations which have outstanding PDUs to be caught up,
+        and are not being backed off from
+        Args:
+            after_destination:
+                If provided, all destinations must be lexicographically greater
+                than this one.
+
+        Returns:
+            list of up to 25 destinations with outstanding catch-up.
+                These are the lexicographically first destinations which are
+                lexicographically greater than after_destination (if provided).
+        """
+        time = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
+
+        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
+            "get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations",
+            self._get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations_txn,
+            time,
+            after_destination,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations_txn(
+        txn: LoggingTransaction, now_time_ms: int, after_destination: Optional[str]
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        q = """
+            SELECT destination FROM destinations
+                WHERE destination IN (
+                    SELECT destination FROM destination_rooms
+                        WHERE stream_ordering > last_successful_stream_ordering
+                )
+                AND destination > ?
+                AND (
+                    retry_last_ts IS NULL OR
+                    retry_last_ts + retry_interval < ?
+                )
+                ORDER BY destination
+                LIMIT 25
+        """
+        txn.execute(
+            q,
+            (
+                # everything is lexicographically greater than "" so this gives
+                # us the first batch of up to 25.
+                after_destination or "",
+                now_time_ms,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        destinations = [row[0] for row in txn]
+        return destinations

tests/federation/test_federation_catch_up.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
 from typing import List, Tuple
 
 from mock import Mock
@@ -321,3 +322,100 @@ def test_catch_up_loop(self):
             per_dest_queue._last_successful_stream_ordering,
             event_5.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
         )
+
+    @override_config({"send_federation": True})
+    def test_catch_up_on_synapse_startup(self):
+        """
+        Tests the behaviour of get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations and
+            _wake_destinations_needing_catchup.
+        """
+
+        # list of sorted server names
+        server_names = ["server%02d" % number for number in range(42)] + ["zzzerver"]
+
+        # ARRANGE:
+        #  - a local user (u1)
+        #  - a room which u1 is joined to (and remote users @user:serverXX are
+        #    joined to)
+
+        # mark the remotes as online
+        self.is_online = True
+
+        self.register_user("u1", "you the one")
+        u1_token = self.login("u1", "you the one")
+        room_1 = self.helper.create_room_as("u1", tok=u1_token)
+
+        for server_name in server_names:
+            self.get_success(
+                event_injection.inject_member_event(
+                    self.hs, room_1, "@user:%s" % server_name, "join"
+                )
+            )
+
+        # create an event
+        self.helper.send(room_1, "deary me!", tok=u1_token)
+
+        # ASSERT:
+        # - All servers are up to date so none should have outstanding catch-up
+        outstanding_when_successful = self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations(None)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(outstanding_when_successful, [])
+
+        # ACT:
+        # - Make the remote servers unreachable
+        self.is_online = False
+
+        # - Mark zzzerver as being backed-off from
+        now = self.clock.time_msec()
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().set_destination_retry_timings(
+                "zzzerver", now, now, 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000  # retry in 1 day
+            )
+        )
+
+        # - Send an event
+        self.helper.send(room_1, "can anyone hear me?", tok=u1_token)
+
+        # ASSERT (get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations):
+        # - all remotes are outstanding
+        # - they are returned in batches of 25, in order
+        outstanding_1 = self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations(None)
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(outstanding_1), 25)
+        self.assertEqual(outstanding_1, server_names[0:25])
+
+        outstanding_2 = self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_catch_up_outstanding_destinations(
+                server_names[24]
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertNotIn("zzzerver", outstanding_2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(outstanding_2), 17)
+        self.assertEqual(outstanding_2, server_names[25:-1])
+
+        # ACT: call _wake_destinations_needing_catchup
+
+        # patch wake_destination to just count the destinations instead
+        woken = defaultdict(lambda: 0)
+
+        def wake_destination_track(destination):
+            woken[destination] += 1
+
+        self.hs.get_federation_sender().wake_destination = wake_destination_track
+
+        # cancel the pre-existing timer for _wake_destinations_needing_catchup
+        self.hs.get_federation_sender()._catchup_after_startup_timer.cancel()
+
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_federation_sender()._wake_destinations_needing_catchup(), by=5.0
+        )
+
+        # ASSERT (_wake_destinations_needing_catchup):
+        # - all remotes are woken up, save for zzzerver
+        self.assertNotIn("zzzerver", woken)
+        self.assertEqual(set(woken.keys()), set(server_names[:-1]))
+        # check that all destinations were woken exactly once
+        self.assertEqual([value for value in woken.values() if value != 1], [])