Compiling issues

[c0debreaker]

I'm getting the errors below. If I remove #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h> and other related code, the compile becomes successful. What did I do someting wrong?

/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/WebAuthentication.cpp: In function 'bool getMD5(uint8_t*, uint16_t, char*)':
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/WebAuthentication.cpp:74:3: error: 'mbedtls_md5_starts_ret' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'mbedtls_md5_starts'?
   74 |   mbedtls_md5_starts_ret(&_ctx);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   mbedtls_md5_starts
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/WebAuthentication.cpp:75:3: error: 'mbedtls_md5_update_ret' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'mbedtls_md5_update'?
   75 |   mbedtls_md5_update_ret(&_ctx, data, len);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   mbedtls_md5_update
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/WebAuthentication.cpp:76:3: error: 'mbedtls_md5_finish_ret' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'mbedtls_md5_finish'?
   76 |   mbedtls_md5_finish_ret(&_ctx, _buf);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   mbedtls_md5_finish
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp: In member function 'void AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(AsyncEventSourceMessage*)':
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp:188:7: error: 'ets_printf' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'vswprintf'?
  188 |       ets_printf("ERROR: Too many messages queued\n");
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~
      |       vswprintf
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp: In member function 'void AsyncWebSocketClient::_queueMessage(AsyncWebSocketMessage*)':
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:551:7: error: 'ets_printf' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'vswprintf'?
  551 |       ets_printf("ERROR: Too many messages queued\n");
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~
      |       vswprintf
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp: In member function 'IPAddress AsyncWebSocketClient::remoteIP()':
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:832:28: error: call of overloaded 'IPAddress(unsigned int)' is ambiguous
  832 |         return IPAddress(0U);
      |                            ^
In file included from /home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/cores/esp32/Arduino.h:196,
                 from /home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:21:
/home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/cores/esp32/IPAddress.h:115:3: note: candidate: 'IPAddress::IPAddress(const ip_addr_t*)'
  115 |   IPAddress(const ip_addr_t *addr);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~
/home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/cores/esp32/IPAddress.h:73:3: note: candidate: 'IPAddress::IPAddress(const IPAddress&)'
   73 |   IPAddress(const IPAddress &address);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~
/home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/cores/esp32/IPAddress.h:72:3: note: candidate: 'IPAddress::IPAddress(const char*)'
   72 |   IPAddress(const char *address);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~
/home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/cores/esp32/IPAddress.h:69:3: note: candidate: 'IPAddress::IPAddress(const uint8_t*)'
   69 |   IPAddress(const uint8_t *address);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~
/home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/cores/esp32/IPAddress.h:67:3: note: candidate: 'IPAddress::IPAddress(uint32_t)'
   67 |   IPAddress(uint32_t address);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp: In constructor 'AsyncWebSocketResponse::AsyncWebSocketResponse(const String&, AsyncWebSocket*)':
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:1262:3: error: 'mbedtls_sha1_starts_ret' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'mbedtls_sha1_starts'?
 1262 |   mbedtls_sha1_starts_ret(&ctx);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   mbedtls_sha1_starts
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:1263:3: error: 'mbedtls_sha1_update_ret' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'mbedtls_sha1_update'?
 1263 |   mbedtls_sha1_update_ret(&ctx, (const unsigned char*)key.c_str(), key.length());
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   mbedtls_sha1_update
/home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/ESP_Async_WebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:1264:3: error: 'mbedtls_sha1_finish_ret' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'mbedtls_sha1_finish'?
 1264 |   mbedtls_sha1_finish_ret(&ctx, hash);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   mbedtls_sha1_finish
Multiple libraries were found for "WiFi.h"
  Used: /home/rcamara/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.0.0/libraries/WiFi
  Not used: /home/rcamara/Arduino/libraries/WiFiNINA
exit status 1

Compilation error: exit status 1

and my source code is

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <LittleFS.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>

// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid = "******";
const char* password = "******";

AsyncWebServer server(80);

void setup() {
  // Start Serial for debug output
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Initialize LittleFS
  if (!LittleFS.begin()) {
    Serial.println("An Error has occurred while mounting LittleFS");
    return;
  }

  // Connect to Wi-Fi
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
  }
  Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");

  // Serve static files from LittleFS
  server.serveStatic("/", LittleFS, "/").setDefaultFile("index.html");

  // Handle 404 (Not Found)
  server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
    request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
  });

  // Start server
  server.begin();
}

void loop() {
  // Nothing needed here
}

[lbernstone]

This needs guardrails for when to include, but here are the necessary includes

diff --git a/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp b/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp
index f2914df..230e3f6 100644
--- a/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp
+++ b/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 */
 #include "Arduino.h"
 #include "AsyncEventSource.h"
+#include "rom/ets_sys.h"
 
 static String generateEventMessage(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect){
   String ev = "";
diff --git a/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp b/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp
index f76f2fc..ef94775 100644
--- a/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp
+++ b/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #else
 #include <Hash.h>
 #endif
+#include "mbedtls/compat-2.x.h"
 
 #define MAX_PRINTF_LEN 64
 
@@ -829,7 +830,7 @@ void AsyncWebSocketClient::binary(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer * buffer)
 
 IPAddress AsyncWebSocketClient::remoteIP() {
     if(!_client) {
-        return IPAddress(0U);
+        return IPAddress(0,0,0,0);
     }
     return _client->remoteIP();
 }
diff --git a/src/WebAuthentication.cpp b/src/WebAuthentication.cpp
index 45246a1..01fb567 100644
--- a/src/WebAuthentication.cpp
+++ b/src/WebAuthentication.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <libb64/cencode.h>
 #ifdef ESP32
 #include "mbedtls/md5.h"
+#include "mbedtls/compat-2.x.h"
 #else
 #include "md5.h"
 #endif

[c0debreaker]

This needs guardrails for when to include, but here are the necessary includes

diff --git a/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp b/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp
index f2914df..230e3f6 100644
--- a/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp
+++ b/src/AsyncEventSource.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 */
 #include "Arduino.h"
 #include "AsyncEventSource.h"
+#include "rom/ets_sys.h"
 
 static String generateEventMessage(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect){
   String ev = "";
diff --git a/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp b/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp
index f76f2fc..ef94775 100644
--- a/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp
+++ b/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #else
 #include <Hash.h>
 #endif
+#include "mbedtls/compat-2.x.h"
 
 #define MAX_PRINTF_LEN 64
 
@@ -829,7 +830,7 @@ void AsyncWebSocketClient::binary(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer * buffer)
 
 IPAddress AsyncWebSocketClient::remoteIP() {
     if(!_client) {
-        return IPAddress(0U);
+        return IPAddress(0,0,0,0);
     }
     return _client->remoteIP();
 }
diff --git a/src/WebAuthentication.cpp b/src/WebAuthentication.cpp
index 45246a1..01fb567 100644
--- a/src/WebAuthentication.cpp
+++ b/src/WebAuthentication.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <libb64/cencode.h>
 #ifdef ESP32
 #include "mbedtls/md5.h"
+#include "mbedtls/compat-2.x.h"
 #else
 #include "md5.h"
 #endif

Hi lbernstone,

I see there are 3 files that needs to be updated. I can update it manually. However, I like to learn how to update it from your given code. What tool should I use for that? It looks similar to some diffs I've seen very long time ago using patch command. Thanks a lot!

[lbernstone]

That was a git diff. It was updated with my own 2 hands :) I just looked at what was missing, grep'd for those functions in the arduino-esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/esp32/include folder, and included those files in the correct locations. To make a PR, I need to figure out a way to only include those headers if the version is >3.0.0.

[c0debreaker]

Oh got it. I knew I will have issues when Arduino popped up something on the lower right corner. Do you want to update to 3.0.0? I said yes. Few hours later, I encountered the issues above.

Alrighty, I'll make changes to my local. Thank you.

[jimdgit]

I add the lines above with the + on them
I got this:
/Users/jcdonelson/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp: In member function 'void AsyncWebSocketClient::_queueMessage(AsyncWebSocketMessage*)':
/Users/jcdonelson/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/src/AsyncWebSocket.cpp:551:7: error: 'ets_printf' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'vswprintf'?
551 | ets_printf("ERROR: Too many messages queued\n");
| ^~~~~~~~~~
| vswprintf
If I comment out line 551 then it all compiles.

[capc0307]

That was a git diff. It was updated with my own 2 hands :) I just looked at what was missing, grep'd for those functions in the arduino-esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/esp32/include folder, and included those files in the correct locations. To make a PR, I need to figure out a way to only include those headers if the version is >3.0.0.

I found this:

#ifdef ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_MAJOR
            #if ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION >= ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_VAL(3, 0, 0)
                                                  // Code for version 3.x

                   #else
                                                 // Code for version 2.x
                   #ifdef ESP32

                   #else
 

                    #endif
                 #endif
                #endif

on h2zero/NimBLE-Arduino#676 (comment), from a comment made by ednieuw. ednieuw says they got this piece of code from the Espressif migration 2.x -> 3.x document. Supposedly, this piece of code makes a library compatible for both ESP32 versions. I hope this helps.

Update: I found a file with a piece a code explaining the manipulation of the ESP32 versions better in the Espressif's official repository for Arduino core for the ESP32. A little bit more information can be found in Espressif's Compatibility Guide for ESP32 Arduino Core page

[joyfullservice]

If I comment out line 551 then it all compiles.

Just an observation, but in AsyncWebSocket.cpp the ets_printf() function is used 7 times, but 6 of these are commented out. The one that triggers the compile error is the only one that is not commented out. Perhaps that one got missed when the debug lines were added and commented out six years ago.

I can confirm that after making the changes above and commenting out this line, it compiles and seems to work fine on an ESP32 dev board.

[kalwinskidawid]

Is this already fixed?
I am trying to build a project with this library and I have the same problem.
In particular, there is a problem when I execute request->send().

[seandepagnier]

i changed it to printf... dont do that!

so maybe ::printf instead of ets_printf?

[aranFish]

I've encountered the same errors as the original poster, and managed to fix them by following @lbernstone 's recommendations for extra #include statements, as well as @jimdgit 's recommendation to comment out line #551 in AsyncWebSocket.cpp.

Unfortunately I'm still experiencing a compilation error.

Here's the compilation error message:

/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2405/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ @/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.3-466a392a/esp32/flags/ld_flags @/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.3-466a392a/esp32/flags/ld_scripts -Wl,--Map=/private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/sketch_sep6b.ino.map -L/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.3-466a392a/esp32/lib -L/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.3-466a392a/esp32/ld -L/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.3-466a392a/esp32/dio_qspi -Wl,--wrap=esp_panic_handler -Wl,--start-group /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/sketch/sketch_sep6b.ino.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/AP.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/STA.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/WiFi.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/WiFiAP.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/WiFiGeneric.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/WiFiMulti.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/WiFiSTA.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/WiFi/WiFiScan.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/Network/NetworkClient.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/Network/NetworkEvents.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/Network/NetworkInterface.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/Network/NetworkManager.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/Network/NetworkServer.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/Network/NetworkUdp.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/AsyncEventSource.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/AsyncWebSocket.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/WebAuthentication.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/WebHandlers.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/WebRequest.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/WebResponses.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/WebServer.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/FS/FS.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/FS/vfs_api.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/AsyncTCP/AsyncTCP.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/LittleFS/LittleFS.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/core/variant.cpp.o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/cores/9dc0c0ccb082ebf96739fc43da6b9c53/core.a @/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.3-466a392a/esp32/flags/ld_libs -Wl,--end-group -Wl,-EL -o /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/sketch_sep6b.ino.elf
/Users/aran/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2405/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp-elf/13.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp-elf/bin/ld: /private/var/folders/0p/vzf6vcfj7_z0hqd8j7ksbymh0000gn/T/arduino/sketches/A9D9498DC5653A959082DB29939625EC/libraries/ESPAsyncWebServer/AsyncWebSocket.cpp.o:(.literal._ZN17AsyncWebLockGuardC5ERK12AsyncWebLock[_ZN17AsyncWebLockGuardC5ERK12AsyncWebLock]+0x0): **undefined reference to `pxCurrentTCB'**
**collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status**

And here's a simplified form of my code that still creates this error:

// LIBRARIES
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include "LittleFS.h"
#include <AsyncTCP.h>

// Set up Network
const char* ssid = "******";
const char* password = "******";
AsyncWebServer server(80);    // Create AsyncWebServer object on port 80
AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");     // Create a WebSocket object

// Initialize LittleFS
void initFS() {
  if (!LittleFS.begin()) {
    Serial.println("An error has occurred while mounting LittleFS");
  }
  else{
   Serial.println("LittleFS mounted successfully");
  }
}

// Initialize WiFi
void initWiFi() {
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi ..");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print('.');
    delay(1000);
  }
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void handleWebSocketMessage(void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
  AwsFrameInfo *info = (AwsFrameInfo*)arg;
  if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len && info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
    /*
    Parse web socket message here
    */
  }
}

void onEvent(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
  switch (type) {
    case WS_EVT_CONNECT:
      Serial.printf("WebSocket client #%u connected from %s\n", client->id(), client->remoteIP().toString().c_str());
      break;
    case WS_EVT_DISCONNECT:
      Serial.printf("WebSocket client #%u disconnected\n", client->id());
      break;
    case WS_EVT_DATA:
      handleWebSocketMessage(arg, data, len);
      break;
    case WS_EVT_PONG:
    case WS_EVT_ERROR:
      break;
  }
}

void initWebSocket() {
  ws.onEvent(onEvent);
  server.addHandler(&ws);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  LittleFS.begin();

  initFS();
  initWiFi();

  // Web Server Root URL
  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    request->send(LittleFS, "/index.html", "text/html");
  });
  
  server.serveStatic("/", LittleFS, "/");

  // Start server
  server.begin();



}

void loop() {



}

I can find the offending lines of code in AsyncWebSynchronization.h, lines 32-35 here:

  bool lock() const {
    extern void *pxCurrentTCB;
    if (_lockedBy != pxCurrentTCB) {
      xSemaphoreTake(_lock, portMAX_DELAY);
      _lockedBy = pxCurrentTCB;
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

But I'm not sure what to try next to debug this. Please could you give me some help for what to try next?

Arduino Version: 2.3.2

Using library WiFi at version 3.1.0
Using library Networking at version 3.1.0
Using library ESP Async WebServer at version 1.2.4
Using library FS at version 3.1.0
Using library AsyncTCP at version 1.1.1
Using library LittleFS at version 3.1.0

Mac OS 13.5
Using Adafruit Huzzah32 Feather v2 (as here)

[aranFish]

OK I've made the lock() function in AsyncWebSynchronization.h always return false, by commenting out other lines inside that function. My very basic code is now working. I'll keep an eye out for what I've broken as I build up the complexity of the firmware again.