Find-AADToolkitUnprotectedUsersWithAdminRoles.ps1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Find Users with Admin Roles that are not registered for MFA
.DESCRIPTION
    Find Users with Admin Roles that are not registered for MFA by evaluating their authentication methods registered for MFA and their sign-in activity.
.PARAMETER IncludeSignIns
    Include Sign In log activity -  Note this can cause the query to run slower in larger active environments
.EXAMPLE
    Find-AADToolkitUnprotectedUsersWithAdminRoles
    Enumrate users with role assignments including their sign in activity
.EXAMPLE
    Find-AADToolkitUnprotectedUsersWithAdminRoles -includeSignIns:$false
    Enumerate users with role assignments including their sign in activity
.INPUTS
    Inputs to this cmdlet (if any)
.OUTPUTS
    Output from this cmdlet (if any)
.NOTES
     - Eligible users for roles may not have active assignments showing in their directoryrolememberships, but they have the potential to elevate to assigned roles
     - Large amounts of role assignments may take time process.
     - Must be connected to MS Graph with appropriate scopes for reading user, group, application, role, an sign in information and selected the beta profile before running.
      --  Connect-MgGraph -scopes RoleManagement.Read.Directory,UserAuthenticationMethod.Read.All,AuditLog.Read.All,User.Read.All,Group.Read.All,Application.Read.All
      --  Select-MgProfile -name Beta

#>
function Find-AADToolkitUnprotectedUsersWithAdminRoles {
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Parameter Set 1',
        PositionalBinding = $false,
        HelpUri = 'http://www.microsoft.com/',
        ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    [Alias()]
    [OutputType([String])]

    Param (
        [switch]
        $IncludeSignIns
    )
    
    begin {

        if ($null -eq (Get-MgContext)) {
            Write-Error "Please Connect to MS Graph API with the Connect-MgGraph cmdlet from the Microsoft.Graph.Authentication module first before calling functions!" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        else {
            

            if ((Get-MgProfile).Name -eq 'v1.0') {
                Write-Error ("Current MGProfile is set to v1.0, and some cmdlets may need to use the beta profile.   Run Select-MgProfile -Name beta to switch to beta API profile") -ErrorAction Stop
            }

        }

        if (!$PSCmdlet.MyInvocation.BoundParameters["Verbose"].IsPresent)
        {
            Write-Host "NOTE:  This process may take awhile depending on the size of the environment.   Please run with -Verbose switch for more details progress output."
        }

    }
    
    process {
       
        $usersWithRoles = Get-UsersWithRoleAssignments
       
        $TotalUsersCount = $usersWithRoles.count
        Write-Verbose ("Checking {0} users with roles..." -f $TotalUsersCount)

        $checkedUsers = @()
        $checkUsersCount = 0
        
        foreach ($user in $usersWithRoles) {

            $checkUsersCount++
           

            $userObject = $null
            try {

               
                $userObject = get-mguser -userID $user.PrincipalId -Property signInActivity, UserPrincipalName, Id

            }
            catch {

                Write-Warning ("User object with UserId {0} with a role assignment was not found!  Review assignment for orphaned user." -f $user.PrincipalId)

            }

            Write-Verbose ("User {0} of {1} - Evaluating {2} with role assignments...." -f $checkUsersCount,$TotalUsersCount,$userObject.Id)

            if ($Null -ne $userObject) {
                $UserAuthMethodStatus = Get-UserMfaRegisteredStatus -UserId $userObject.UserPrincipalName

                $checkedUser = [ordered] @{}
                $checkedUser.UserID = $userObject.Id
                $checkedUser.UserPrincipalName = $userObject.UserPrincipalName
            
                If ($null -eq $userObject.signInActivity.LastSignInDateTime) {
                    $checkedUser.LastSignInDateTime = "Unknown"
                    $checkedUser.LastSigninDaysAgo = "Unknown"
                }
                else {
                    $checkedUser.LastSignInDateTime = $userObject.signInActivity.LastSignInDateTime
                    $checkedUser.LastSigninDaysAgo = (New-TimeSpan -Start $checkedUser.LastSignInDateTime -End (get-date)).Days
                }
                $checkedUser.DirectoryRoleAssignments = $user.RoleName
                $checkedUser.DirectoryRoleAssignmentType = $user.AssignmentType
                $checkedUser.DirectoryRoleAssignmentCount = $user.RoleName.count
                $checkedUser.RoleAssignedBy = $user.RoleAssignedBy
                $checkedUser.IsMfaRegistered = $UserAuthMethodStatus.isMfaRegistered
                $checkedUser.Status = $UserAuthMethodStatus.Status

                if ($includeSignIns -eq $true) {
                    $signInInfo = get-UserSignInSuccessHistoryAuth -userId $checkedUser.UserId

                    $checkedUser.SuccessSignIns = $signInInfo.SuccessSignIns
                    $checkedUser.MultiFactorSignIns = $signInInfo.MultiFactorSignIns
                    $checkedUser.SingleFactorSignIns = $signInInfo.SingleFactorSignIns
                    $checkedUser.RiskySignIns = $signInInfo.RiskySignIns
                }
                else
                {
                    $checkedUser.SuccessSignIns = "Skipped"
                    $checkedUser.MultiFactorSignIns = "Skipped"
                    $checkedUser.SingleFactorSignIns = "Skipped"
                    $checkedUser.RiskySignIns = "Skipped"
                }
                $checkedUsers += ([pscustomobject]$checkedUser)
            }
            else {
                
                $checkedUser = [ordered] @{}
                $checkedUser.UserID = $userObject.Id
                $checkedUser.Status = "Not Exists"

            }
        }
        

    }
    
    end {
        Write-Verbose ("{0} Users Evaluated!" -f $checkedUsers.count)
        Write-Verbose ("{0} Users with roles who are NOT registered for MFA!" -f ($checkedUsers|Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.isMfaRegistered -eq $false}).count)
        Write-Output $checkedUsers
    }
}

function Get-UserMfaRegisteredStatus ([string]$UserId) {

    $mfaMethods = @("#microsoft.graph.fido2AuthenticationMethod", "#microsoft.graph.softwareOathAuthenticationMethod", "#microsoft.graph.microsoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod", "#microsoft.graph.windowsHelloForBusinessAuthenticationMethod", "#microsoft.graph.phoneAuthenticationMethod")

    $results = @{}
    try {

        $authMethods = (Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod -UserId $UserId).AdditionalProperties."@odata.type"

        $isMfaRegistered = $false
        foreach ($mfa in $MfaMethods) { if ($authmethods -contains $mfa) { $isMfaRegistered = $true } }
        
       

        $results.IsMfaRegistered = $isMfaRegistered
        $results.AuthMethodsRegistered = $authMethods
        $results.status = "Checked"
        Write-Output ([pscustomobject]$results)

        
    }
    catch {
        Write-Warning ("User object with UserId {0} with a role assignment was not found!  Review assignment for orphaned user." -f $userId)
        $results.status = "Not Exists"
        Write-Output ([pscustomobject]$results)

    }
    
}

function get-UserSignInSuccessHistoryAuth ([string]$userId) {

    $signinAuth = @{}
    $signinAuth.UserID = $userId
    $signinAuth.SuccessSignIns = 0
    $signinAuth.MultiFactorSignIns = 0
    $signinAuth.SingleFactorSignIns = 0
    $signInAuth.RiskySignIns = 0

    $filter = ("UserId eq '{0}' and status/errorCode eq 0" -f $userId)
    Write-Debug $filter
    $signins = Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Filter $filter -all:$True
    Write-Debug $signins.count

    if ($signins.count -gt 0) {

        $signinAuth.SuccessSignIns = $signins.count
        $groupedAuth = $signins | Group-Object -Property AuthenticationRequirement

        $MfaSignInsCount = 0
        $MfaSignInsCount = $groupedAuth | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq 'multiFactorAuthentication'} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty count
        if ($null -eq $MfaSignInsCount)
        {
            $MfaSignInsCount = 0
        }
        $signinAuth.MultiFactorSignIns = $MfaSignInsCount

        $singleFactorSignInsCount = 0
        $singleFactorSignInsCount = $groupedAuth | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq 'singleFactorAuthentication'} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty count


        if ($null -eq $singleFactorSignInsCount)
        {
            $singleFactorSignInsCount = 0
        }
        $signinAuth.SingleFactorSignIns = $singleFactorSignInsCount

        $signInAuth.RiskySignIns = ($signins | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.RiskLevelDuringSignIn -ne 'none' } | Measure-Object | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Count)

    }

    Write-Output ([pscustomobject]$signinAuth)
}

function Get-UsersWithRoleAssignments()
{
    $uniquePrincipals = $null
    $usersWithRoles = $Null
    $groupsWithRoles = $null
    $servicePrincipalsWithRoles = $null
    $roleAssignments = @()
    $activeRoleAssignments = $null
    $eligibleRoleAssignments = $null
    $AssignmentSchedule =@()

    Write-Verbose "Retrieving Active Role Assignments..."
    $activeRoleAssignments = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleAssignmentSchedule -All:$true -ExpandProperty Principal|Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AssignmentScope -Value "Active" -Force -PassThru|Add-Member -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name PrincipalType -Value {$this.Principal.AdditionalProperties."@odata.type".split('.')[2] } -Force -PassThru
    Write-Verbose ("{0} Active Role Assignments..." -f $activeRoleAssignments.count)
    $AssignmentSchedule += $activeRoleAssignments
    

    Write-Verbose "Retrieving Eligible Role Assignments..."
    $eligibleRoleAssignments = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleEligibilitySchedule -All:$true -ExpandProperty Principal|Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AssignmentScope -Value "Eligible" -Force -PassThru|Add-Member -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name PrincipalType -Value {$this.Principal.AdditionalProperties."@odata.type".split('.')[2] } -Force -PassThru
    Write-Verbose ("{0} Eligible Role Assignments..." -f $eligibleRoleAssignments.count)
    $AssignmentSchedule += $eligibleRoleAssignments

    Write-Verbose ("{0} Total Role Assignments to all principals..." -f $AssignmentSchedule.count)
    $uniquePrincipals = $AssignmentSchedule.PrincipalId|Get-Unique
    Write-Verbose ("{0} Total Role Assignments to unique principals..." -f $uniquePrincipals.count)

    foreach ($type in ($AssignmentSchedule|Group-Object PrincipalType))
    {
        Write-Verbose ("{0} assignments to {1} type" -f $type.count, $type.name)
    }
    
    foreach ($assignment in ($AssignmentSchedule))
    {
        

        if ($assignment.PrincipalType -eq 'user')
        {
            $roleAssignment = @{}
            $roleAssignment.PrincipalId = $assignment.PrincipalId
            $roleAssignment.PrincipalType = $assignment.PrincipalType
            $roleAssignment.AssignmentType = $assignment.AssignmentScope
            $roleAssignment.RoleDefinitionId = $assignment.RoleDefinitionId
            $roleAssignment.RoleAssignedBy = "user"
            $roleAssignment.RoleName = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition -UnifiedRoleDefinitionId $assignment.RoleDefinitionId|Select-Object -ExpandProperty displayName
            $roleAssignments += ([pscustomobject]$roleAssignment)
        }
       
        if ($assignment.PrincipalType -eq 'group')
        {
            Write-Verbose ("Expanding Group Members for Role Assignable Group {0}" -f $assignment.PrincipalId)
            $groupMembers = Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $assignment.PrincipalId|Select-Object -ExpandProperty Id

            $RoleName = Get-MgRoleManagementDirectoryRoleDefinition -UnifiedRoleDefinitionId $assignment.RoleDefinitionId|Select-Object -ExpandProperty displayName

            foreach ($member in $groupMembers)
            {
                Write-Verbose ("Adding Group Member {0} for Role Assignable Group {0}" -f $member,$assignment.PrincipalId)
               
                $roleAssignment = @{}
                $roleAssignment.PrincipalId = $member
                $roleAssignment.PrincipalType = "user"
                $roleAssignment.AssignmentType = $assignment.AssignmentScope
                $roleAssignment.RoleDefinitionId = $assignment.RoleDefinitionId
                $roleAssignment.RoleAssignedBy = "group"
                $roleAssignment.RoleName = $RoleName
                $roleAssignments += ([pscustomobject]$roleAssignment)

            }
        }

    }
    

    
    $usersWithRoles = $roleAssignments|Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.PrincipalType -eq 'user'}
    Write-Verbose ("{0} Total Role Assignments to Users" -f $usersWithRoles.count)

   



    Write-Output $usersWithRoles
}