[ci] [R-package] use {lintr} 3.1

[jameslamb]

Upgrades the R code linting to use {lintr} v3.1, which was just released. I added in most of the new linters in that version, and did some of the renaming of existing linters that came with that release.

For full release notes, see https://github.com/r-lib/lintr/releases/tag/v3.1.0.

Also fixes the 1 new linting issue this caught.

R-package/R/lgb.interprete.R:75:13: warning: [unnecessary_lambda] Pass matrix directly as a symbol to lapply() instead of wrapping it in an unnecessary anonymous function. For example, prefer lapply(DF, sum) to lapply(DF, function(x) sum(x)).
    , FUN = function(x) matrix(x, ncol = num_class, byrow = TRUE)
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

[github-actions]

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