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Triplet files

Triplet is a standard term used in cross compiling as a way to completely capture the target environment (cpu, os, compiler, runtime, etc) in a single convenient name.

In Vcpkg, we use triplets to describe an imaginary "target configuration set" for every library. Within a triplet, libraries are generally built with the same configuration, but it is not a requirement. For example, you could have one triplet that builds openssl statically and zlib dynamically, one that builds them both statically, and one that builds them both dynamically (all for the same target OS and architecture). A single build will consume files from a single triplet.

We currently provide many triplets by default (run vcpkg help triplet). However, you can easily add your own by creating a new file in the triplets\ directory. The new triplet will immediately be available for use in commands, such as vcpkg install boost:x86-windows-custom.

To change the triplet used by your project, such as to enable static linking, see our Integration Document.

Community triplets

Triplets contained in the triplets\community folder are not tested by continuous integration, but are commonly requested by the community.

Because we do not have continuous coverage, port updates may break compatibility with community triplets. Because of this, community involvement is paramount!

We will gladly accept and review contributions that aim to solve issues with these triplets.

Usage

Community Triplets are enabled by default, when using a community triplet a message like the following one will be printed during a package install:

-- Using community triplet x86-uwp. This triplet configuration is not guaranteed to succeed.
-- [COMMUNITY] Loading triplet configuration from: D:\src\viromer\vcpkg\triplets\community\x86-uwp.cmake

Variables

VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE

Specifies the target machine architecture.

Valid options are x86, x64, arm, arm64 and wasm32.

VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE

Specifies the desired CRT linkage (for MSVC).

Valid options are dynamic and static.

VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE

Specifies the preferred library linkage.

Valid options are dynamic and static. Note that libraries can ignore this setting if they do not support the preferred linkage type.

VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME

Specifies the target platform.

Valid options include any CMake system name, such as:

  • Empty (Windows Desktop for legacy reasons)
  • WindowsStore (Universal Windows Platform)
  • MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows)
  • Darwin (Mac OSX)
  • iOS (iOS)
  • Linux (Linux)
  • Emscripten (WebAssembly)

VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION

Specifies the target platform system version.

This field is optional and, if present, will be passed into the build as CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION.

See also the CMake documentation for CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION.html.

VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE

Specifies an alternate CMake Toolchain file to use.

This (if set) will override all other compiler detection logic. By default, a toolchain file is selected from scripts/toolchains/ appropriate to the platform.

See also the CMake documentation for toolchain files: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.11/manual/cmake-toolchains.7.html.

VCPKG_CXX_FLAGS

Sets additional compiler flags to be used when not using VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE.

This option also has forms for configuration-specific and C flags:

  • VCPKG_CXX_FLAGS
  • VCPKG_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
  • VCPKG_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
  • VCPKG_C_FLAGS
  • VCPKG_C_FLAGS_DEBUG
  • VCPKG_C_FLAGS_RELEASE

VCPKG_LINKER_FLAGS

Sets additional linker flags to be used while building dynamic libraries and executables in the absence of VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE.

This option also has forms for configuration-specific flags:

  • VCPKG_LINKER_FLAGS
  • VCPKG_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG
  • VCPKG_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE

VCPKG_DEP_INFO_OVERRIDE_VARS

Replaces the default computed list of triplet "Supports" terms.

This option (if set) will override the default set of terms used for qualified dependency resolution and "Supports" field evaluation.

See the "supports" manifest file field documentation for more details.

Implementers' Note: this list is extracted via the vcpkg_get_dep_info mechanism.

Windows Variables

VCPKG_ENV_PASSTHROUGH

Instructs vcpkg to allow additional environment variables into the build process.

On Windows, vcpkg builds packages in a special clean environment that is isolated from the current command prompt to ensure build reliability and consistency.

This triplet option can be set to a list of additional environment variables that will be added to the clean environment.

See also the vcpkg env command for how you can inspect the precise environment that will be used.

Implementers' Note: this list is extracted via the vcpkg_get_tags mechanism.

VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH

Specifies the Visual Studio installation to use.

To select the precise combination of Visual Studio instance and toolset version, we walk through the following algorithm:

  1. Determine the setting for VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH from the triplet, or the environment variable VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH, or consider it unset
  2. Determine the setting for VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET from the triplet or consider it unset
  3. Gather a list of all pairs of Visual Studio Instances with all toolsets available in those instances
    1. This is ordered first by instance type (Stable, Prerelease, Legacy) and then by toolset version (v142, v141, v140)
  4. Filter the list based on the settings for VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH and VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET.
  5. Select the best remaining option

The path should be absolute, formatted with backslashes, and have no trailing slash:

set(VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\Preview\\Community")

VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET

Specifies the VS-based C/C++ compiler toolchain to use.

See VCPKG_VISUAL_STUDIO_PATH for the full selection algorithm.

Valid settings:

  • The Visual Studio 2019 platform toolset is v142.
  • The Visual Studio 2017 platform toolset is v141.
  • The Visual Studio 2015 platform toolset is v140.

VCPKG_LOAD_VCVARS_ENV

If VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE is used, VCPKG will not setup the Visual Studio environment. Setting VCPKG_LOAD_VCVARS_ENV to (true|1|on) changes this behavior so that the Visual Studio environment is setup following the same rules as if VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE was not set.

MacOS Variables

VCPKG_INSTALL_NAME_DIR

Sets the install name used when building macOS dynamic libraries. Default value is @rpath. See the CMake documentation for CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR for more information.

VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET

Sets the minimum macOS version for compiled binaries. This also changes what versions of the macOS platform SDK that CMake will search for. See the CMake documentation for CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET for more information.

VCPKG_OSX_SYSROOT

Set the name or path of the macOS platform SDK that will be used by CMake. See the CMake documentation for CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT for more information.

VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES

Set the macOS / iOS target architecture which will be used by CMake. See the CMake documentation for CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES for more information.

Per-port customization

The CMake Macro PORT will be set when interpreting the triplet file and can be used to change settings (such as VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE) on a per-port basis.

Example:

set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE static)
if(PORT MATCHES "qt5-")
    set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
endif()

This will build all the qt5-* libraries as DLLs, but every other library as a static library.

For an example in a real project, see https://github.com/Intelight/vcpkg/blob/master/triplets/x86-windows-mixed.cmake.

Additional Remarks

The default triplet when running any vcpkg command is %VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET% or a platform-specific choice if that environment variable is undefined.

  • Windows: x86-windows
  • Linux: x64-linux
  • OSX: x64-osx

We recommend using a systematic naming scheme when creating new triplets. The Android toolchain naming scheme is a good source of inspiration: https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/standalone_toolchain.html.

Android triplets

See android.md