Since early 2018, the Kepler/K2 project has been performing a uniform global reprocessing of data from K2 Campaigns 0 through 14. Subsequent K2 campaigns (C15-C19) are being processed using the same processing pipeline. One of the major benefits of the reprocessing effort is that, for the first time, short-cadence (1-min) light curves are produced in addition to the standard long-cadence (30-min) light curves. Users have been cautioned that the Kepler pipeline detrending module (PDC), developed for use on original Kepler data, has not been tailored for use on short-cadence K2 observations. Systematics due to events on fast timescales, such as thruster firings, are sometimes poorly corrected for many short-cadence targets. A Python data visualization and manipulation tool, called Kepler-K2 Cadence Events, has been developed that identifies and removes cadences associated with problematic thruster events, thus producing better light curves. Kepler-K2 Cadence Events can be used to visualize and manipulate light curve files and target pixel files from the Kepler, K2, and TESS missions. We anticipate this software will be available from http://code.nasa.gov
The Kepler-K2 Cadence Events application should run on any computer with Python 3 . The application was developed using the open-source Anaconda Distribution of Python 2.7 which is available at https://www.anaconda.com/distribution. K2CE has now been ported to Python 3.7.3.
The application uses Lightkurve (http://docs.lightkurve.org/) which is a community-developed, open-source Python package which offers a "beautiful and user-freindly way to analyze astronomical flux time seris data". It was specifically designed to analyze the pixels and lightcurves obtained by NASA's Kepler, K2, and TESS exoplanet missions. Installation instructions are given at the following webpage: http://docs.lightkurve.org/about/install.html.
(1) Copy the Python application (k2_cadence_events.py) into the local directory.
(2) Make sure that the code is executable by typing (using MacOS X or Linux)
chmod u+x k2_cadence_events.py
(3) The application can be run without any arguments.
If you type the following command from the command line, you will see a demonstration of the application:
./k2_cadence_events.py
You should see something like this:
./k2_cadence_events.py ********************************************** Kepler K2 Cadence Events (k2ce): Version 0.79 ********************************************** ******************************************************* ***** Use --help to see the command line options. ***** ******************************************************* Using default target (exoplanet K2-99b): from_archive=True target=212803289 campaign=17 cadence=short filename=/Users/kmighell/.lightkurve-cache/mastDownload/K2/ktwo212803289-c17_sc/ktwo212803289-c17_slc.fits Kepler/K2 short cadence Light Curve File K2 Campaign 17 target: EPIC 212803289 98490 cadences Using default bitmask value of 1605636. The bitmask value of 1605636 = 110001000000000000100 translates as ['Coarse point', 'Possible thruster firing', 'Thruster firing', 'No fine point']
A plot should appear on your screen like this:
Once you are ready to leave the application, close the plot window (MacOS X: click on the red button on the upper-right corner of the plot window).
The application ends by writing a little more information:
1635 events 1635 cadences flagged
The demo plot shows the short cadence observations of EPIC 212803289 (exoplanet: K2-99b) that were obtained during K2 Campaign 17.
The short-cadence K2 light curve file was downloaded automatically from the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI).
The red points are the observations that had a SAP_QUALITY value with either Bit21 (1048576 = (2**20)) and/or Bit20 (524288 = (2**19)) and/or Bit16 (32768 = (2**15)) and/or (4 = (2**2)) set -- which indicates (1) an actual or (2) probable thruster firing event, or the Kepler spacecraft was in (3) coarse point or (4) not in fine point during an individual cadence observation.
The blue points in the scatter plot are the "good observations" that did not have at least one of these bits set.
Of the total of 98490 short-cadence observations, 1635 (1.66%) of the cadences were flagged as being a "cadence event".
The grey vertical bars near the top of the plot show events. The darker the grey, the greater the number of events in time.
The name of the Kepler/K2 short cadence light curve file analysed is shown on the right side of the plot. Note that this is where the file is stored locally.
To see the command-line arguments, type
k2_cadence_events.py --help
or
k2_cadence_events.py -h
You should see something like this:
./k2_cadence_events.py
[-h] [--help]
[--filename FILENAME]
[--bitmask BITMASK]
[--from_archive FROM_ARCHIVE]
[--target TARGET]
[--cadence CADENCE]
[--campaign CAMPAIGN]
[--tag TAG]
[--plotfile PLOTFILE]
[--scatter SCATTER]
[--bars_yy BARS_YY]
[--xlim XLIM]
[--ylim YLIM]
[--SAP_FLUX SAP_FLUX]
[--report REPORT]
[--report_filename REPORT_FILENAME]
[--n_before N_BEFORE]
[--n_after N_AFTER]
[--bitmask_decode BITMASK_DECODE]
[--bitmask_flags BITMASK_FLAGS]
[--show_plot SHOW_PLOT]
[--new_filename NEW_FILENAME]
[--overwrite OVERWRITE] [--useTPF USETPF]
[--xcut XCUT]
[--ycut YCUT]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--filename FILENAME Filename of the K2 light curve file (ktwo*llc.fits) to
be analyzed [default: None]
--bitmask BITMASK Bitmask value (integer) specifying quality flag
bitmask of cadences to *show* events. See Table 2-3 of
the Kepler Archive Manual (KDMC-10009-006) for more
information [default: None]
--from_archive FROM_ARCHIVE
If True, get the data from the Mikulski Archive for
Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science
Institute (STScI) [default=True]
--target TARGET Target name or EPIC number [default: None]
--cadence CADENCE Type of K2 cadence: 'short' or 'long' [default:
'long']
--campaign CAMPAIGN K2 campaign number [default: None]
--tag TAG String written at the start of the title of the plot
[default: None]
--plotfile PLOTFILE Filename of the output plotfile (if any) [default:
None]
--scatter SCATTER If True: the data is plotted as a scatter plot. If
False: the data is plotted as a line plot
[default=True]
--bars_yy BARS_YY Used to set the Y axis location of the gray vertical
lines showing events [default: None]
--xlim XLIM User-defined right and left limits for the X axis.
Example: xlim='(3360,3390)' [default: None]
--ylim YLIM User-defined bottom and top limits for the Y axis.
Example: ylim='(0.0,1.1)' [default: None]
--SAP_FLUX SAP_FLUX If True, flux is SAP_FLUX. If False, flux is
PDCSAP_FLUX [default: True]
--report REPORT If True, print out the time, flux, cadence number and
the QUALITY value fore each event [default: False]
--report_filename REPORT_FILENAME
Filename of the report (if any) [default: None]
--n_before N_BEFORE Number of observations (cadences) before an event to
mark as bad [default: 0]
--n_after N_AFTER Number of observations (cadences) after an event to
mark as bad [default: 0]
--bitmask_decode BITMASK_DECODE
If True, Decodes (translate) the bitmask value to K2
Quality Flag Events [default: False]
--bitmask_flags BITMASK_FLAGS
If True, show the QUALITY bit flags. See Table 2-3 of
the Kepler Archive Manual (KDMC-10008-006) for more
information. [default=False]
--show_plot SHOW_PLOT
If True, show the plot [default=True]
--new_filename NEW_FILENAME
Filename of the new long (llc) or short (slc) file
with the event cadences and the bad cadences removed
[default: None].
--overwrite OVERWRITE
If True, overwrite ("clobber") an existing output file
[default: False].
--useTPF USETPF If False, return a KeplerLightCurveFile object. If
True, return a KeplerTargetPixelFile object [default:
False].
--xcut XCUT Cadences with time (X axis) values within the xcut
limits will be flagged for removal. Example:
xcut='(3510,3590)' [default: None]
--ycut YCUT Cadences with normalized flux (Y axis) values within
the ycut limits will be flagged for removal. Example:
ycut='(0.0,0.9)' [default: None]
The above was reformatted for easier reading.
(1) Using your favorite editor, cut-and-paste the following text to create a Python script called spud.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
import k2_cadence_events as k2ce
nargs = len(sys.argv) - 1
if (nargs == 0):
# interactive mode: no arguments
k2ce.k2_cadence_events()
else:
# non-interactive mode: first argument is the name of the plotfile (e.g., foo.png)
plotfile=sys.argv[1]
if (os.path.isfile(plotfile)): # abort if file already exists
print '***** ERROR ***** Requested file already exists: ',plotfile
else:
k2ce.k2_cadence_events(plotfile=plotfile)
print
print 'Show the docstring for k2_cadence_events() :'
print k2ce.k2_cadence_events.__doc__
#EOF
(2) Make sure that the script is executable by typing
chmod u+x spud.py
(3) You can execute the script in its interactive mode (using no arguments):
./spud.py
(4) You can execute the script in its non-interactive mode using the first argument as the name of the output plotfile (e.g., spud_plot.png):
./spud.py spud_plot.png
After the plot is written the Python docstring for k2_cadence_envents() is shown.
Name Value : Explanation (Kepler/K2) Bit01 1 : Attitude tweak Bit02 2 : Safe mode Bit03 4 : Coarse point Bit04 8 : Earth point Bit05 16 : Zero crossing Bit06 32 : Desaturation event Bit07 64 : Argabrightening Bit08 128 : Cosmic ray in optimal aperture Bit09 256 : Manual exlude Bit10 512 : This bit not used by ***Kepler*** Bit11 1024 : Sudden sensitivity dropout Bit12 2048 : Impulsive outlier Bit13 4096 : Argabrightening on CCD Bit14 8192 : Cosmic ray in collateral data Bit15 16384 : Detectpr amp,a;u Bit16 32768 : No fine point Bit17 65536 : No data Bit18 131072 : Rolling band in optimal aperture Bit19 262144 : Rolling band in full mask Bit20 524288 : Possible thruster Firing Bit21 1048576 : Thruster firing
Kepler-K2 Cadence Events was created by Kenneth J. Mighell and supported by the Kepler/K2 Science Office. You can contact the author at kenneth dot j dot mighell at nasa dot gov or kmighell at seti dot org.
You can learn more about the many options of the k2_cadence_events application by using running its demo Jupyter notebook called k2_cadence_events.ipynb.
jupyter notebook k2_cadence_events.ipynb
Copyright © 2019 United States Government as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. All Rights Reserved.
NASA acknowledges the SETI Institute’s primary role in authoring and producing the Kepler-K2 Cadence Events application under Cooperative Agreement Number NNX13AD01A
No Warranty: THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTY THAT THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE WILL CONFORM TO SPECIFICATIONS, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT, ANY WARRANTY THAT THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE WILL BE ERROR FREE, OR ANY WARRANTY THAT DOCUMENTATION, IF PROVIDED, WILL CONFORM TO THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE. THIS AGREEMENT DOES NOT, IN ANY MANNER, CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT BY GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR ANY PRIOR RECIPIENT OF ANY RESULTS, RESULTING DESIGNS, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE PRODUCTS OR ANY OTHER APPLICATIONS RESULTING FROM USE OF THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE. FURTHER, GOVERNMENT AGENCY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES REGARDING THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE, IF PRESENT IN THE ORIGINAL SOFTWARE, AND DISTRIBUTES IT "AS IS."
Waiver and Indemnity: RECIPIENT AGREES TO WAIVE ANY AND ALL CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, ITS CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS, AS WELL AS ANY PRIOR RECIPIENT. IF RECIPIENT'S USE OF THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE RESULTS IN ANY LIABILITIES, DEMANDS, DAMAGES, EXPENSES OR LOSSES ARISING FROM SUCH USE, INCLUDING ANY DAMAGES FROM PRODUCTS BASED ON, OR RESULTING FROM, RECIPIENT'S USE OF THE SUBJECT SOFTWARE, RECIPIENT SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD HARMLESS THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, ITS CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS, AS WELL AS ANY PRIOR RECIPIENT, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. RECIPIENT'S SOLE REMEDY FOR ANY SUCH MATTER SHALL BE THE IMMEDIATE, UNILATERAL TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT.